P&C
a single application of cold should NOT extend beyond
15 to 30 minutes
acute rupture of the achilles tendon is more commonly seen in individuals between the ages of
30 to 50 years
the ligament that is often injured during a cutting, sudden deceleration, or landing in a off-balance position after a jump
ACL
"unhappy triad" involves
ACL MCL medial menisci
Hip adductors
Adductor longus adductor brevis adductor magnus
Angle of inclination
Angle of depression formed by a line drawn through the shaft of femur and a line passing through the long axis of femoral neck
posterior knee swelling may indicate all but BUT which of the following
Biceps femoris/gastroc strain
Avulsion fractures
Due to rapid, sudden acceleration and deceleration
Bursitis
Excessive friction or shear forces due to overuse
Hip Strains
Explosive movements Tensile stress from overstretching
Snapping hip syndrome
External—IT band or gluteus maximus snapping over greater trochanter during hip flexion → trochanteric bursitis Internal—iliopsoas snaps over structures deep to musculotendinous unit (e.g., iliopsoas bursa) Intra-articular—lesions of the joint (e.g., labral tear)
Muscular weakness or inflexibility, at the pelvis or foot and ankle, one side of the spine (& muscle) may develop more strongly than the other; overuse of one side such as sleeping or carrying items on one side, result of a scoliosis and pelvic tilt.
Functional (apparent)
Hip extensors
Gluteus maximus hamstrings biceps femoris semitendinosus semimembranosus)
Active in stabilizing pelvis during single-leg support and during support phase of walking and running
Hip abductors: Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
Iliofemoral ligament
Limits hyperextension
a traction type injury to the tibial apophysis where the patellar tendon attaches onto the tibial tuberosity
Osgood-Schlatter
Either the upper (femur) or lower (tibia) bone in one leg is actually shorter than that of the other leg
Structural (actual)
atrophy of _______ is nearly always evident in patellofemoral dysfunction
VMO(vastus medialis oblique)
Hip Sprains and Dislocations
Violent twisting actions With hip and knee flexed to 90°, force through shaft of femur
the use of ______prior to tape application will permit nonelastic tape to stick
adherent
The Q-angle is
angle between the line of quadriceps force and the patellar tendon
ASIS
anterior superior iliac spine
mesomorph
athletic; large bone
Nutation
backward rotation of the ilium on the sacrum
which of the following terms refers to a structure on both sides of the body or body part
bilateral
flatback
decrease anterior lumbar curve
all BUT which of the following are contraindications for cryotherapy
edema
which of the following best illustrates a diagnostic sign
edema
anger, depression, irritability, moodiness, and impatience are ___________signs and symptoms of anxiety in rehabilitation
emotional
which of the following is an emotional symptom associated with stress
feeling overwhelmed
what is the weakest part of the femur
femoral neck
which of the following is us NOT a common sign or symptom of psychological distress
heightened focus and concentration
lordosis
increase anterior lumbar curve
femoral triangle
inguinal ligament (superiorly), sartorius (laterally) , adductor longus (medially)
excessive or prolonged pronation is running, which leads to pain in the distal third of the medial tibial boarder not associated with a stress fracture, is typical
medial tibial stress syndrome
visual analysis of overall appearance, symmetry, general motor function, posture, and gait is called
observation
contranutation
occurs when on one side the ASISeis lower and the PSIS is higher
which of the following best describes a stage 2 tendinitis
pain during activity and does not restrict performance
an abnormal sensation characterized by numbness, tingling, or burning sensation
paresthesia
a condition in which the lateral retinaculum is tight or the vastus medialis is weak, leading to lateral excursion and pressure on the lateral facet of the patella
patellofemoral stress syndrom
creating a clinical question using the PICO format must include
patient/problem, intervention/variable of interest, comparison, and outcome
a highly specialized band of tissue on the plantar surface of the foot that provides support for the longitudinal arch is the
plantar fascia
application of elastic wraps should begin with the body part in a
position with the muscle in a shortened state with maximum contraction
PSIS
posterior superior iliac spine
the bursa mons commonly injured by compressive forces at the knee is the
preparellar
where does the inguinal ligament insert
pubic symphisis
a research study in which a group of patients is randomized into a experimental group and control group is called
randomized controlled trial
decreased skin temperature on palpation of an injury site could indicate
reduced circulation
which of the following has the greatest likelihood of causing frostbite
reusable ice bags
stains and sprains that produce moderate discomfort, tenderness, swelling, ecchymosis, detectable joint instability and/or muscle weakness are categorized as
second-degree injuries
endomorph
soft, round body; solid
in removing nonelastic tape, it is most important to
stabilize the skin while pulling the tape in a direction of natural hair growth
inversion ankle sprain results from excessive
supination
what is the disadvantage of using traditional sources of information such as textbooks and expert opinion
they are quickly outdated
which of the following best illustrates a symptom
tinnitus
hyperextension of the MTP joint of the great toe is called
turf toe
Two-joint muscles: Rectus femoris Sartorius
—active during hip flexion and knee extension —active during hip flexion and knee extension
a protocol to assist health care practitioners with identifying red flags associated with psychological distress and determining if these signs and symptoms warrant an emergency intervention is
decision making model
swayback
decrease of the anterior lumbar curve and increase in the posterior thoracic curve
which of the following are physiological effects of cyrotherapy
decreased metabolism, nerve conduction, and pain perception
an athlete who has suffered from diarrhea should be closely monitored for
dehydration
the proliferative phase of healing includes
development of new blood cells formation of fibrous tissue wound contraction
which of the following is NOT a role or responsibility of the athletic trainer relative to psychosocial concerns
diagnosing and treating psychological distress and disorders
Hip pointer
direct blow to iliac crest Common—anterior or lateral portion of crest Often from improperly fitting (or absent) hip pads
a runner reports with lateral leg pain that is point tender over the femoral condyle about 2 to 3 cm above the lateral joint line. what structure could be involved with the injury
ITB
weak external hip rotators believed to contribute to what
ITB syndrome
Hip flexors
Iliopsoas pectineus rectus femoris sartorius tensor fascia latae
for a muscle to shorten, it must
contract concentrically
conditions that force contents of the abdomen superiorly, such as obesity, pregnancy, and running are often associated, with which of the following conditions
gastroesophageal reflux
Preparation-H and Tucks Pads are used in the treatment of
hemorrhoids
Hamstrings—two-joint
hip extension and knee flexion
which of the following mental skill techniques is used to enhance performance
imagery
what is the optimal time for beginning therapeutic exercises following surgery or an injury
immediately after
a risk of suicide as assessed by a licensed mental health professional warrants
implementation of the emergency interventions protocol
kyphosis
increase in posterior thoracic curve
closed chain exercises for the knee
minisquats
therapeutic agents that enhance tissue healing while reducing pain and disability are called
modalities
which of the following is an emotion sign/symptom of anxiety in rehabilitation
moodiness
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease
more common in boys than girls between 4&8 or up to 12 diminished blood supply to capital region of femur edema, necrosis, regeneration/resorption, repair
recurrent bloody diarrhea is the classic symptom of
ulcerative colitis
a 14-year-old male has sustained a MCL injury. which of the following modalities should NOT be used during the subacute phase
ultrasound
the___________of a study indicate how reproducible the results are when the measurments should be the same
validity
the beginning of the acute inflammatory phase is marked by
vasoconstriction
Piriformis strain
In some individuals, sciatic nerve passes through or above piriformis, subjecting nerve to compression from trauma, hemorrhage, or spasm
Pubofemoral ligament
Limits abduction and hyperextension
Ischiofemoral ligament
Limits extension
a research study in which two groups of patients, one that did receive the treatment/injury of interest and one that did not, are followed and an outcome of interest is measured is called
case-control study
which of the following best describes the sequence of sensations experienced during the application of cold therapy
cold, burning, aching, analgesia
the ability of a muscle to stretch is called
extensibility
stretching the _____helps decrease shortening of the plantar fascia
gastrocnemius
cold therapy is the modality of choice for acute injuries because cold therapy
inhibits prostaglandin decrease tissue metabolism decrease muscle spindle activity produces analgesia
abdominal pain with alternating constipation and diarrhea, heartburn, abdominal distention, back pain, and weakness are characteristics of
irritable bowl syndrome
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
ectomorph
lean individual
serves as a conduit for the medial and lateral circumflex, but provides little support to the hip joint
ligamentum teres
when asking about the characteristics of symptoms, the athletic trainer should determine
location, onset, severity, frequency, and duration
where does the major nerve supply in the hips, pelvis, and thighs arise from
lumbar and sacral plexus
what two factors determine whether an injury occurs when a force is sustained by tissues in the human body
magnitude of forces and tissues material properties