Pathmorph

What is an embolus? 0 An intravascular mass that forms in one anatomic site 0 A freely movable, intravascular mass that is carried from one anatomic site to another by the blood 0 An intravascular mass that forms in the legs 0 An intravascular mass that forms in the brain 0 An intravascular mass that forms in the foramen ovale #

A freely movable, intravascular mass that is carried from one anatomic site to another by the blood

A 66-year-old male, with a history of hematogenic tuberculosis was examined. This revealed hyperpigmentation of skin and mucous membranes, cachexia and insufficiency of the cardio-vascular system. Which disease caused such changes? Addison's disease Phaeochromocytoma Simmond's disease Cushing disease Greves' disease

Addison's disease

During intravenous saline transfusion a patient's condition deteriorated drastically, and the patient died from asphyxiation. Autopsy revealed acute venous congestion of internal organs with sharp right heart dilatation. When the right ventricle was punctured underwater, the bubbles escaped. What pathological process occurred in the patient? 0 Air embolism 0 Gaseous embolism 0 Adipose embolism 0 Tissue embolism 0 Thromboembolism

Air embolism

A 40-year-old male was diagnosed with an undifferentiated carcinoma of lung. Despite treatment with chemotherapy, he died of widespread metastases. At autopsy, tumor was found in many organs. Histologic examination revealed many foci in which individual tumor cells appeared shrunken and deeply eosinophilic. Their nuclei showed condensed aggregates of chromatin under the nuclear membrane. What process does affect these shrunken of tumor cells? 0 Autolysis 0 Necrosis 0 Phagocytosis 0 Apoptosis 0 Necrobiosis

Apoptosis

During electronic microscopic investigation of brain tissue it was observed cells with chromatin aggregations in the peripheral zones, under the nuclear membrane, some nucleus break up, producing two or more fragments, some cells with extensive surface blebbing, that undergoes fragmentation into a number of membrane-bound parts. What pathological process was seen in the cells? 0 Autolysis 0 Necrosis 0 Phagocytosis 0 Apoptosis 0 Necrobiosis

Apoptosis

On day 28 of the menstrual cycle in a 23-year-old female, there is menstrual bleeding that lasts for a few days. She has had these regular cycles for many years. Which of the following processes is most likely happening in the endometrium just before the onset of bleeding? 0 Apoptosis 0 Caseous necrosis 0 Heterophagocytosis 0 Atrophy 0 Liquefactive necrosis

Apoptosis

The spleen, kidney, intestine, brain are all vulnerable to what type of emboli? 0 Venous 0 Arterial 0 Pulmonary 0 Saddle

Arterial

The necrotic Peyer's patches of the ileum from the patient with typhoid fever are stained in a yellow-brown color. Which pigment impregnates the necrotic tissue? Bilirubin Hemoglobin Lipofuscin Indol Melanin

Bilirubin

A patient who suffered from cancer of the stomach died from cachexia. During the post-mortem the characteristic alteration in the heart were found. How would this condition be termed in the heart? 'Brown' atrophy 'Hairy' heart Solder plaque Tiger's heart Bovine heart

Brown atrophy

A 62-year-old female with a history of stomach cancer with plural metastases died from a cachexia. Select the characteristic changes of the heart expected to be revealed on dissection. Brown atrophy of myocardium. Amyloid cardiomegaly. Dilatation cardiomyopathy. Hypertrophy cardiomyopathy. "Tiger's heart"

Brown atrophy of myocardium

A 56 year old patient died from chronic cardiac insufficiency as a result of rheumatic heart-disease. A post-mortem revealed that lungs were enlarged, dense with red-brownish coloring. What is the most likely diagnosis? Brown induration lungs Acute bronchitis Honey-comb lungs Chronic bronchitis Chronic emphysema

Brown induration lungs

During the induction of immediate hypersensitivity response, which of the following cells secretes cytokines that stimulate IgE production by B cells, promotes mast cell growth, and recruits and activates eosinophils? 0 CD4+ lymphocytes 0 Natural killer (NK) cells, 0 Macrophages, 0 Dendritic cells, 0 Neutrophils

CD4+ lymphocytes

A 73-year-old man had a "stroke." A cerebral angiogram demonstrates occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. Which of the following pathologic alteration from this event that occurs in pathient's brain is the most likely?

Cerebral softening from liquefactive necrosis

46-year-old woman has suffered rheumatic fever with combined mitral heart disease. She died because of pneumocardial insufficiency. On dissection there was found out brown induration of lungs. Name the type of violation of blood circulation. 0 Chronic left ventricle insufficiency 0 Chronic right ventricle insufficiency 0 Acute left ventricle insufficiency 0 Acute right ventricle insufficiency 0 Portal hypertension

Chronic left ventricle insufficiency

In an experiment, a glass bead is embolized to a branch of the renal artery. A day later there is a focal area in which the renal parenchymal cells in the distribution of the occluded artery show karyolysis and karyorrhexis. The outlines of the cells are still visible, but the nuclei have lost basophilic staining and the cytoplasm is eosinophilic but pale. Which of the following types of cellular necrosis is most likely present? 0 Coagulative 0 Caseous 0 Fatty 0 Gangrenous 0 Liquefactive

Coagulative

A 69-years-old woman suffered from atherosclerosis and died due to cardiac-pulmonary insufficiency. At autopsy features of congestion in parencymal organs, hypertrophy of left ventricle heart were found out. Which of the following macroscopical changes in liver parenchyma would most likely observed? 0 Goose liver" 0 "Big white liver" 0 Cirrhosis 0 "Nutmeg liver" 0 Chronic hepatitis

"Nutmeg liver"

The post-mortem of a patient who suffered from malaria revealed jaundiced skin, sclera and mucous membranes. Also, the spleen was enlarged and had darkgrey color. This colour of the spleen is due to the presence of: Hemomelanin Hemosiderin Lipofuscin Melanin Hemoporphyrin

Hemomelanin

Autopsy revealed a large wedge-shaped patch of a dense dark red tissue with clear margins in the upper lobe of the right lung. Histological examination detected there necrosis of the alveolar walls; the alveolar lumen is tightly packed with erythrocytes. What process occurred in the lungs? 0 Hemorrhagic infarction 0 Carneous degeneration 0 Gangrene 0 Hemorrhage 0 Atelectasis

Hemorrhagic infarction

A 58-year-old male has been ill for many years with leukemia. A post-mortem exposed a brown color in the marrow, spleen, liver, and lymphatic nodes. The Perls' histochemical reaction was conducted. It was determined that the reticular, the endothelial cells and histiocytes of these organs contained granules of a dark blue color. Which pigment is responsible for the colouring? Hemosiderin Bilirubin Hematoidin Hemomelanin Hematoporphyrin

Hemosiderin

A man with insufficiency of the mitral valve complained of a cough and sputum with a brownish colouring. Which pigment results in this color of the sputum? A. Hemosiderin B. Melanin С. Hemoglobin D. Hemomelanin E. Iron sulfate

Hemosiderin

A patient with mitral valve insufficiency presents in his sputum cells, filled with brown pigment. The Perls' reaction is positive. Name this pigment. Hemosiderin Hematoidin Melanin Porphyrin Bilirubin

Hemosiderin

A woman presented to intensive care department with symptoms of severe hemolysis due to a snake bite. An autopsy revealed brown coloration of the spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Microscopic examination showed the accumulation of brown pigment in cytoplasm of macrophages of tissue sampler. Which of the following is the pigment that was accumulated in the tissues? Hemosiderin Hematoidin. Hematin Lipofuscin. Bilirubin.

Hemosiderin

The post-mortem of a man who presented in the hospital with a history of a snakebite reveals expressed intravessels hemolysis. During dissection it is noted that the spleen, bone marrow and lymphatic nodes had a brown colouring. Microscopic examination showed that the cytoplasm of macrophages got a brown pigment. Which pigment accumulated in the tissues? Hemosiderin Hematoidin Hematin Lipofuscin Bilirubin.

Hemosiderin

A 45-year-old male, with a long history of rheumatism and mitral valve insufficiency, develops a chronic cough with rusty expectoration. What pigment colored sputum? Hemosiderin. Melanin. Hemoglobin. Malarial pigment. Iron sulfide

Hemosiderin.

A 67-year-old male, with a long history of mitral valve's insufficiency, has been experiencing a cough with red-brownish coloring of a sputum. Cells with brown pigmentation and positive Perls' test were detected in the sputum. Which pigment responsible for the septum coloring? Hemosiderin. Hematoidin. Melanin. Porphyrin Bilirubin.

Hemosiderin.

A post-mortem of a 44-year-old patient with a history of mitral stenosis reveals dense lungs that are a brown color. Which pathological process is most likely in the lungs? Hemosiderosis Hemochromatosis Icterus Hemomelanosis Lipofuscinosis

Hemosiderosis

A collapse and hyperemia of peritoneum developed at a patient after deleting of 12 liters of ascytic liquid from abdominal cavity. What is the type of arterial hyperemia of peritoneum? 0 Vacant hyperemia 0 Inflammatory hyperemia 0 Hyperemia after anemia 0 Collateral hyperemia 0 Angioneurotic hyperemia

Hyperemia after anemia

At 45-year-old patient, who suffered rheumatic fever with combined mitral heart disease and dying of heart decompensation, at autopsy many point-like hemorrhages were found out in brain tissue. Identify the mechanism of development of hemorrhages? 0 Increased permeability 0 Spasm 0 Rupture of the vessel wall 0 Swollening of the vessel wall 0 Corrosion of the vessel wall.

Increased permeability

Choose the correct statement that can characterize apoptosis: 0 It is programmed cell's death in the living organism with fragmentation of cell into apoptotic bodies at the end the process 0 It is the premature death and destruction of cell's organelles in the living organism 0 It is cell's death in the living organism under action of critical damage factors 0 It is postmortem destruction of cells under action of the bacteria's enzymes 0 It is destruction of all components of organs under action of critical alteration

It is programmed cell's death in the living organism with fragmentation of cell into apoptotic bodies at the end the process

Necrosis of organ it is: 0 It is programmed cell's death in the living organism with fragmentation of cell into apoptotic bodies at the end the process 0 It is the premature death and destruction of cell's organelles in the living organism 0 It is cell's death in the living organism under action of critical damage factors 0 It is postmortem destruction of cells under action of the bacteria's enzymes 0 It is destruction of all components of organ under action of critical alteration

It is the premature death and destruction of cell's organelles in the living organism

Based on pathological classification, which of the following thrombi contain fibrin called "lines of zahn" 0 Red thrombi 0 Layered thrombi 0 Fat thrombi 0 Coronary artery thrombi

Layered thrombi

Where do most arterial emboli originate? 0 In the deep veins of the leg 0 In the jugular veins of the neck 0 In the right atrium, inferior vena cava, and major veins 0 Pulmonary vein 0 Left atrium or ventricle, aorta, and major arteries

Left atrium or ventricle, aorta, and major arteries

A 47-year-old male, with a history of secondary syphilis, has noticed foci of the skin depigmentation at his neck. Name the pathological process of the skin. Leukoderma. Metaplasia. Leukoplakia. Dysplasia. Parakeratosis.

Leukoderma.

A 55-year-old male with a history of bronchiectasis, pneumosclerosis and cachexia died. During the post-mortem examination the heart was found to be diminished in size, flabby, with thinned walls. A section revealed brownish color of the heart's tissue. Which pigment was indicated in the myocardium? Lipofuscin Hemosiderin Hematoidin Melanin Lipochrome

Lipofuscin

A man died from chronic sepsis. A post-mortem revealed an atrophy of the skeletal muscles and brown atrophy of both myocardium and liver. Which one of the following pigments accumulated in tissues? Lipofuscin Lipochrome Hemosiderin Hemomelanin Melanin

Lipofuscin

A patient with prolonged esophageal carcinoma died of cachexy. An autopsy revealed atrophy of his heart and liver, marked reduction of subcutaneous and retroperitoneal fatty tissue. Microscopical examination revealed accumulations of the golden-brown granules and clumps with negative Prussian blue reaction within the myocardial fibers. Which of the following pigments accumulated in myocardial fibers? Lipofuscin. Melanin. Hematoidin. Ferritin. Hemomelanin.

Lipofuscin

At autopsy 68-year-old male is found to have cancer of the esophagus, accompanied with cachexia. Grossly, fatty tissue disappeared, both a liver and a heart were atrophic. Microscopy revealed brown-yellowish corn-like deposited next to nuclei of myocardial cells. These accumulations had negative Perls' reaction. Name the material of accumulations. Lipofuscin Melanin Hemosiderin Ferritin Hemomelanin

Lipofuscin

A 68-year-old female suddenly lost consciousness and, on awakening an hour later, could not speak or move her right arm and leg. Two months later, a head computed tomography (CT) scan showed a large cystic area in her left parietal lobe. Which of the following pathologic processes most likely occurred in the brain? 0 Fat necrosis 0 Coagulative necrosis 0 Apoptosis 0 Liquefactive necrosis 0 Karyolysis

Liquefactive necrosis

Fat emboli and amniotic fluid emboli are all examples of: 0 Gaseous emboli 0 Solid particle emboli 0 Liquid emboli 0 Septic emboli

Liquid emboli

A 55-year-old female has had discomfort with swelling of her left leg for the past week. The leg is slightly difficult to move, but there is no pain on palpation. A venogram reveals thrombosis of deep left leg veins. Which of the following conditions take place? 0 Haematoma 0 General congestion 0 Local hyperemia 0 Local congestion 0 General hyperemia

Local congestion

A 76-year-old female fell and fractured her left femoral trochanter. After 2 weeks in the hospital, her left leg is swollen. She experiences pain on movement of this leg, and there is tenderness to palpation. Angiography revealed deep venous thrombosis. Which of the following complications is most likely to occur in the leg? 0 Local hyperemia 0 Local congestion 0 General congestion 0 General hyperemia 0 Haematoma

Local congestion

During autopsy it was found out an increased in size liver, the picture of liver parenchyma on the cut look like muscatel nuts. In hepatic vein near-wall blood clots were found out (Badda-Kiary syndrome). Name the type of violation of blood circulation in liver. 0 General hyperemia 0 General congestion 0 Local congestion 0 Local hyperemia 0 Haematoma

Local congestion

A patient developed a cyst in the cerebrum following a hemorrhagic stroke. Two years later the patient died from pneumonia due to a complication of influenza. During examination of the brain cyst it is noted that the walls have a rusty tint. Perls' reaction is positive. Name the process occurring in the wall of the cyst? Localized hemosiderosis General hemosiderosis Local hemomelanosis Infiltration of bilirubin Primary haemochromatosis

Localized hemosiderosis

During post-mortem of a patient arrived from a tropical country, it is discovered that there is a hemomelanosis of a liver, spleen and elements of the reticuloendothelial stroma. These changes are characteristic for which disease? Malaria Dysentery Diabetes mellitus Exanthematic typhus Grippe

Malaria

A 55-year-old patient with a bilateral adrenal glands lesions presented with dark brown colouring of the skin. During histochemical examination of the skin the Perls' reaction was negative. Which pigment is responsible for this discoloration of the skin? Melanin Hemosiderin Porphyrin Lipofuscin Biliverdin

Melanin

A fragment of skin (1х2 centimeters) delivered for histological research. Grossly a small (0,5 cm in diameter) slightly elevated brown lesion, sharply demarcated from the surrounding normal skin, was recognized. Microscopically, a lesion presented with nevus cells nests, rich with brown pigment. This pigment had negative Perls' reaction. Name the pigment. Melanin Hematoidin Hemosiderin Bilirubin Hemomelanin

Melanin

A patient with a long history of tuberculosis was examined at the hospital. Physical examination revealed a grayish-brown skin color, lowered arterial pressure, hypodynamia and a decline of the level of 17-oxycorticosteroids in the urine and blood plasma. A problem with the metabolism of which pigment is indicated by the clinical signs of this patient? Melanin Bilirubin Lipofuscin Lipochrome Hemosiderin

Melanin

Surgical operation was performed at patient with brain tumor. At histological investigation it was revealed round-form tumor that is consists of cells with intracellular accumulation of brown pigment, Prussian blue reaction is negative. What kind of pigment accumulates in tumor cells? Hematoidin Melanin Hemosiderin Porfirin Haematin

Melanin

a 38-year old female is found to have bilateral adrenal adenopathy resulted in brownish coloring of her skin. Perls' test of her skin's biopsy was negative. What pigment altered the color of the skin? Melanin. Hemosiderin. Porphyrin. Lipofuscin. Biliverdin.

Melanin.

A 58-year-old female with a long history of chronic dysentery died. At autopsy, the stroma and parenchyma of the myocardium, kidneys, the mucous membrane of the stomach, and the connective tissue of lungs revealed violet color amorphous masses, which had positive Koss' reaction. Which pathological process developed in the patient's organs? Metastatic calcification Dystrophy calcification Metabolic calcification Amyloidosis Hyalinosis

Metastatic calcification

Deposition of calcium in the renal tubular epithelium in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism is the result of which of the following processes? Dystrophic calcification Renal tubular atrophy Autophagocytosis Metastatic calcification Cellular aging

Metastatic calcification

A 70 year-old male with a history of chronic shigellosis died. At post-mortem tissue samples were collected for histopoly. Microscopic investigation of hematoxylyn and eosin slides revealed amorphous violet deposits in stroma of the heart, kidneys, lungs and stomach mucosa. Koss' reaction was positive. What is the most likely pathological developed? Metastatic calcification. Dystrophic calcification. Metabolic calcification. Amyloidosis. Hyalinosis.

Metastatic calcification.

A renal biopsy is performed on a 33-year-old female who has had increasing renal failure for the past week. Which of the following changes seen with electron microscopy most likely suggests a diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis? 0 Mitochondrial swelling 0 Plasma membrane blebs 0 Chromatin clumping 0 Nuclear fragmentation 0 Ribosomal disaggregation from endoplasmic reticulure

Mitochondrial swelling

A young male walks into an elevator full of people who are coughing and sneezing, all of whom appear to have colds or the flu. The influenza viral particles that he inhales attach to respiratory epithelium, and viral transformation reduces the class I major histocompatibility complex molecules on these epithelial cells. Which of the following cells then responds to destroy the infected cells? 0 Macrophage, 0 Neutrophil, 0 CD4 cell, 0 NK cell, 0 Dendritic cell e

Neutrophil

What is the name for venous emboli that reach the arterial circulation through the foramen ovale or an interventricular septal defect that can cause symptoms similar to those of arterial emboli. 0 Paired emboli 0 Parental emboli 0 Passage emboli 0 Paradoxical emboli 0 Arterial emboli

Paradoxical emboli

A 52-year-old male with a history of sub-acute septic endocarditis is examined by a physician. A doctor revealed marked general pallor with icteric skin, sclera and visible mucous membranes. Blood test showed accumulation of indirect reacting bilirubin (unconjugated bilirubin). The yellow staining of the skin, sclera and mucous membranes indicates which one of the following? Prehepatic jaundice Fatty dystrophy Hemosiderosis Hepatic jaundice Posthepatic jaundice

Prehepatic jaundice

Transmural myocardial infarction in the 66-year-old patient was complicated with edema of the lungs, formation of transudes in cavities (hydrothorax and hydropericardium). What is the type of heart insufficiency? 0 Cyanosis 0 Right ventricle insufficiency 0 Arterial hypertension 0 General hyperemia 0 Progressive left ventricle insufficiency

Progressive left ventricle insufficiency

A saddle embolism is carried by venous blood and obstructs blood flow in the: 0 Pulmonary artery 0 Pulmonary vein 0 Middle cerebral artery 0 Carotid artery 0 Abdominal aorta

Pulmonary artery

Which of the following is NOT a possible fate of an arterial embolism? 0 Brain 0 Spleen 0 Mesentary 0 Kidney 0 Pulmonary vein

Pulmonary vein

Based on pathological classification, which of the following thrombi are composed of tightly intermixed RBC's and fibrin? 0 Layered thrombi 0 Red thrombi 0 Fat thrombi 0 Lines of Zahn

Red thrombi

You are taking care of a 56-year-old woman who has a documented deep vein thrombosis of the left calf. She suddenly presents with symptoms of an ischemic stroke involving the brain in the left middle cerebral artery distribution. Among other diagnostic methods you decide to do an echocardiogram. What is the reasoning behind this? 0 There is probably a cardiac mural thrombus 0 To rule out infectious endocarditis 0 She likely suffered a paradoxical embolus 0 She probably has suffered an acute myocardial infarction 0 Her presentation is consistent with coarctation of the aorta

She probably has suffered an acute myocardial infarction

Cholesterol crystals detached from atherosclerotic plaques, tumor cells, bone marrow emboli, and parts of bullets are all examples of what type of emboli? 0 Liquid emboli 0 Gaseous emboli 0 Solid particle emboli 0 Septic emboli

Solid particle emboli

What is the most likely fate of a venous emboli in a pt. with an interventricular septal defect? 0 Pulmonary embolism 0 Pulmonary infarct 0 Stroke 0 Pulmonary embolism and infact 0 None

Stroke

Choose one incorrect statement: -Perverted synthesis - synthesis of abnormal substances in the cells and tissues -Transformation - formation of one type of metabolism products from common initial substances for protein, fats and carbohydrates -Decomposition - disintegration of membranous structures of cells and intracellular matrix -Infiltration - redundant accumulation of metabolites into the cells and intracellular matrix -The mechanism of decomposition is a base of genetic storage disease

The mechanism of decomposition is a base of genetic storage disease

A 45-year old female with Graves's disease during last two years has had increased level of thyroid hormones and AB against the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor. Which of the following types of hypersensitivity occurred in patient? 0 The type I, 0 The type II, 0 The type III, 0 The type IV, 0 The type V

The type II

What is the most common form of emboli seen in clinical practice? 0 Liquid emboli 0 Fat emboli 0 Gaseous emboli 0 Solid particle emboli 0 Thromboemboli

Thromboemboli

A 65-year-old woman, who had been suffering from deep vein thrombophlebitis of the lower leg, suddenly died when awaiting her appointment with the doctor. Autopsy revealed loose friable red masses with corrugated dull surface in the main pulmonary artery and its bifurcation. What pathologic process was discovered by the pathologist in the pulmonary artery? 0 Thromboembolism 0 Thrombosis 0 Tissue embolism 0 Foreign body embolism 0 Fat embolism

Thromboembolism

An infarction is typically caused by: 0 Overexhaustion 0 Liver failure 0 Thrombosis of emboli 0 Respiratory failure 0 Stroke

Thrombosis of emboli

While shaving one morning, a 23-year-old male nicks his upper lip with the razor. Within a second after this injury, blood loss from a small dermal arteriole is reduced through: 0 Activated protein C 0 Vasoconstriction 0 Platelet aggregation 0 Neutrophil chemotaxis 0 Fibrin polymerization

Vasoconstriction

Metastatic calcification is most likely to occur in which of the following conditions? Tuberculosis of the lung Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis Aortic stenosis in a 70-year-old man Vitamin D intoxication Amyloidosis

Vitamin D intoxication

The pain has appeared in the left foot of 57-year-old patient suffered with diabetes mellitus. After some days the foot became enlarged in size with soft, swollen edematous, putrid, black color and macerated skin; the demarcation line is not clear. What pathological process takes place in a patient? 0 Coagulative necrosis 0 Sequestrum 0 Dry gangrene 0 Wet gangrene 0 Noma

Wet gangrene

During an operation in spleen it was seen wedge-shaped white-yellowish color foci of necrosis with a base on the organ capsule. The cause of this process is thrombosis of arteries. Identify the pathological process in organ: 0 Ischemic infarction 0 Hemorrhagic infarction 0 White infarction with hemorrhagic halo 0 Gangrine 0 Bedsores

White infarction with hemorrhagic halo

In 87-year-old patient suffered with atherosclerosis the pain has appeared in the right foot. After several days the foot decreased in size, skin became dark black color that resembled the foot of mummy, the demarcation line was clear. Which of the following patterns of tissue injury was in patient? 0 Coagulative necrosis 0 Sequestrum 0 Dry gangrene 0 Wet gangrene 0 Noma

Dry gangrene

The dissection of a patient who suffered from rheumatism and chronic rheumatic valvulitis revealed that mitral valve leaflet was thickened with rough stony deposits. Name the pathology presented with stony appearance of the valves? Dystrophy calcification Metastatic calcification Metabolic calcification. Fibrinoid Amyloidosis.

Dystrophy calcification

A 54-year-old woman was brought to the emergency department after a car accident. A traumatologist diagnosed her with multiple fractures of the lower extremities. What kind of embolism is the most likely to develop in this case? 0 Fat 0 Tissue 0 Thromboembolism 0 Gaseous 0 Air

Fat

A man has suffered multiple bone fractures of his lower extremities during a traffic accident. During transportation to a hospital his condition was further aggravated: blood pressure decreased, there were signs of pulmonary artery embolism. What kind of embolism is the most likely in the given case? 0 Fat embolism 0 Air embolism 0 Gas embolism 0 Tissue embolism 0 Thromboembolism

Fat embolism

Which of the following types of emboli will result in widespread mental changes, thrombocytopenia, petechiae, acute resp. distress, and lesions in the brain including cerebral edema and microinfarcts. 0 Solid particle emboli 0 Pulmonary embolism 0 Fat embolism syndrome 0 Coronary artery embolism 0 Gaseous embolism

Fat embolism syndrome

77-year-old patient suddenly died because of heart attack of myocardium. During autopsy in heart it was found out: thrombosis of the left anterior descending coronal artery and a focus of yellowish softening with hemorrhagic halo in the left ventricle anterior wall. Which of the following patterns of tissue injury was most likely? 0 Liquefactive necrosis 0 Caseous necrosis 0 Coagulative necrosis 0 Fat necrosis 0 Gangrenous necrosis

Fat necrosis

A patient admits to the emergency room after a jugular vein stabbing wound. What type of emboli would you most suspect to occur in this patient? 0 Solid particle emboli 0 Liquid emboli 0 Gaseous emboli 0 Fat emboli 0 Bullet emboli

Gaseous emboli

During endoscopical investigation of stomach at 32-year-old patient it was found out acute ulcer with clear edges and brown-black bottom. What pigment is formed in the bottom of ulcer? Ferritin Melanin Porfirin Bilirubin Haematin hydrochloride

Haematin hydrochloride

An elderly patient had an acute violation of cerebral blood circulation that was accomplished with coma and recent patient's death. During autopsy a large cavity filled with blood was observed in the right hemisphere of brain. What pathological process was found out in the right hemisphere of brain? 0 Haematoma 0 Hemorrhagic infiltration 0 Heart attack of brain 0 Diapedetic hemorrhage 0 Tumor of brain

Haematoma

A 32-year-old patient with chronic ulcer has had a vomiting by blood. Name this process: 0 Epistaxis 0 Haemotenesis 0 Melaena 0 Metrorrhagia 0 Hemotorax

Haemotenesis

A 38-year-old female with chronic stomach ulcer complicated with bleeding examined endoscopically. Stomach masses had coffee ground coloring. Which pigment responsible for this coloring? Hematin chloride. Hemosiderin. Bilirubin. Ferritin. Porphyrin.

Hematin chloride.

A 46-year-old man has an acute stomach ulcer complicated by gastric bleeding and vomiting. Gastric masses had a brown color and ?coffee-like? appearance. Which pigment created such colouring? Hematin hydrochloride Hemoglobin Bilirubin Hemomelanin Iron sulfide

Hematin hydrochloride

An endoscopy was performed on a patient with a chronic stomach ulcer complicated with hemorrhage. This procedure revealed a brownish (coffee-like) liquid in the stomach. Which pigment results in the color of the stomach contents? Hematin hydrochloride Hemosiderin Bilirubin Ferritin Porphyrin

Hematin hydrochloride

After falling in the bathtub and striking her head, a 78-year-old female becomes increasingly somnolent. A day later, a head computed tomography scan demonstrates an accumulation of fluid beneath the dura, compressing the left cerebral hemisphere. What is the best term for this fluid collection? 0 Hematoma 0 Purpura 0 Congestion 0 Petechia 0 Ecchymosis

Hematoma

A post-mortem was performed on a 55-year-old male, who over last eight years suffered from chronic form of malaria. At the dissection both grey matter of the cerebrum and a spleen had the ash-grey color. Which pigment is responsible for this discoloration? Hemomelanin Lipofuscin Hematoporphyrin Melanin Hemosiderin

Hemomelanin

A 3-cm, right middle lobe lung nodule was seen on a chest radiograph of an asymptomatic 37-year-old male. The nodule was excised with a pulmonary wedge resection by the thoracic surgeon. On sectioning by the pathologist, the nodule was sharply circumscribed and had a soft, white center. Culture of tissue from the nodule grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 0 Fat necrosis 0 Caseous necrosis 0 Liquefactive necrosis 0 Gangrenous necrosis 0 Coagulative necrosis

caseous necrosis

Morphological changes in liver that is called Goose liver means: -intracellular accumulation of proteins in liver cells -intracellular accumulation of lipids in liver cells -intracellular accumulation of glycogen in liver cells -extracellular accumulation of lipids in liver cells -extracellular accumulation of glycogen in liver cells

extracellular accumulation of lipids in liver cells

Intracellular accumulation of fat in liver is characterized by every statement, except one: -its consistency is soft and greasy -there are small fat vacuoles in cytoplasm around the nuclei of hepatocytes -fat is stained by special stain Sudan IV, and becomes black color -fat is accumulated in extracellular spaces -liver enlarged and becomes yellow

fat is stained by special stain Sudan IV, and becomes black color

Young 18-year-old woman died because of the diphtheritic myocarditis with signs of progressive heart insufficiency. What histological changes in cardiomyocytes can be found? -hydropic degeneration -balloon degeneration -mucosal degeneration -fatty degeneration -hyalin-droplets degeneration

fatty degeneration

In the epithelium of kidney tubules at disorders producting proteinuria reabsorbtion of the protein form drops, which appear pink color in hematoxylin and eosin staining, it is -hydropic degeneration -balloon degeneration -mucosal degeneration -fatty degeneration -hyalin-droplets degeneration

hydropic degeneration

Mechanism of intracellular accumulation of proteins in epithelium of kidney tubules at disorders producing proteinuria is: -decomposition -infiltration -phanerosis - transformation -perverted synthesis

infiltration

At patient with diabetes mellitus it is observed: increased in size liver, increased levels of tryglyceride and lipoproteids in blood. What type of dystrophy can be expected in a liver? -extracellular carbohydrate dystrophy -cellular swelling -hyalinosis -intracellular protein dystrophy -intracellular fatty dystrophy

intracellular fatty dystrophy

A punctual biopsy of liver at patient with diabetes mellitus that has suffered about 7 years was performed. Microscopically there can be found changes of liver parenchyma as: -hepatocytes are increased in size -everything is wrong -fat vacuoles are situated around the nucleus of hepatocytes -small fat vacuoles in the cytoplasm -everything is right

small fat vacuoles in the cytoplasm -everything is right

Prolonged moderate hypoxia create grossly apparent bands of yellow myocardium alternating with bands of darker red-brown parts of uninvolved myocardium, such changes in the heart called: -goose heart -big yellow heart -tiger's heart -big white heart -zebra's heart

tiger's heart

A 56-year-old diabetic male presented with left-sided chest pain that radiated to the arm. Coronary angiography revealed occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. After some days developed severe breathlessness and was diagnosed to have acute left ventricular failure. Which of the following histological changes in lungs would most likely observed? 0 Congestion of alveolar capillaries with fibrin and neutrophils in alveoli 0 Congestion of alveolar capillaries with transudate in the alveoli 0 Fibrosis of alveolar walls with heart failure cells in alveoli 0 Multiple areas of hemorrhages 0 A purulent exudate in the pleural space

Congestion of alveolar capillaries with transudate in the alveoli

Thickened, intert-wisted and stony dense aortic valve was discovered at the autopsy of a 72-year-old male. The heart weighed 580g, with marked left ventricular hypertrophy and post-infarction scaring of left ventricle wall. Acrocyanosis, edema of subcutaneous tissues, hemosiderosis of lungs and pneumosclerosis, depositing of blood in the parenhymal organs were observed. Which of the following pathologic processes took place? 0 Congestive heart failure 0 Acute right ventricle insufficiency 0 Arterial hypertension 0 General hyperemia 0 Acute left ventricle insufficiency

Congestive heart failure

During endoscopical investigation of stomach at 32-year-old patient it was found out chronic ulcer with clear edges and brown-black bottom, the signs of the gastric bleeding were present. Identify the mechanism of development of gastric bleeding. 0 Diapedesis 0 Spasm 0 Corrosion of the vessel wall 0 Rupture of the vessel wall 0 Increased permeability

Corrosion of the vessel wal

The cavity 3,5x2,5 cm was found out during the autopsy in the right frontal part of the brain. It was filled in with yellowish-whitish fluid, cavity walls were smooth and the same color as brain tissue. Name the process that is developed in the brain? 0 Cyst as an outcome of hemorrhage 0 Abscess of brain 0 Hemorrhagic infarction of brain 0 Birth defect of brain 0 Cyst as an outcome of gray softening

Cyst as an outcome of hemorrhage