patho 2 final exam possible questions
The skin assessment of a black client reveals the presence of white areas on the skin that are flat, nonpalpable, less than 1 cm in diameter, and have a circumscribed border. How does the nurse document the finding?
macule
A client sought care because of increasing pain and inflammation in the toe and ankle of one foot. Diagnostic testing has resulted in a diagnosis of gouty arthritis. When educating the client about the treatment and management of the disease, what should the nurse teach the client?
"Losing some weight and reducing your alcohol intake will likely be beneficial."
Which term is correctly linked with its definition?
A corn is a keratinous thickening of skin
What is the definition of a congenital deformity?
Abnormalities present at birth
The health care provider is caring for a client diagnosed with an osteosarcoma who asks, "What does this mean?" Which response best describes the diagnosis?
Aggressive; malignant bone tumor
Before applying povidone-iodine to a patient's skin, what is a primary nursing intervention?
Ask the patient about iodine or shellfish allergies. It is important to assess for medication and food allergies prior to using povidone-iodine. Seafood can be rich in iodine, and thus a patient allergic to seafood has a high risk for being allergic to povidone-iodine
A patient is prescribed calcipotriene for treatment of psoriasis. What diagnostic finding requires immediate intervention by the nurse?
Calcium 12 mg/dL A serious adverse effect of calcipotriene is hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria.
A basketball player collided hard with another player and suffered a soft tissue injury to the forearm from the impact. The injury did not break the skin. The nurse should recognize the presence of which type of injury?
Contusion
When caring for a client with ankylosing spondylitis, in which position does the nurse place the client for sleep?
Flat with one pillow
The patient has been started on benzoyl peroxide as part of the treatment regimen. The patient asks the nurse, "When should I expect my skin to be clear of acne?" Which is the best nursing response?
Four to six weeks With the use of benzoyl peroxide, resolution of acne usually occurs within 4 to 6 weeks.
The patient has been started on benzoyl peroxide as part of the treatment regimen. The nurse recognizes that this drug belongs to which drug class?
Keratolytic agent Benzoyl peroxide is classified as a keratolytic agent and as such actually causes the outer layer of skin to loosen and shed.
Among the skin's protective functions is the fact that it serves as an immunologic barrier. What cells are responsible for detecting foreign antigens?
Langerhans cells
An instructor is explaining the pilosebaceous unit when one student stated, "If I have fats and wax on my skin, then I need to scrub harder." Which function(s)/purpose(s) of sebum will the teacher explain to the students? Select all that apply.
Lubricates the hair and skin Prevents evaporation of moisture in cold weather to conserve body heat
In examining a school-aged child, which sign leads the nurse to refer the child to a specialist in musculoskeletal abnormalities?
Malalignment of spinous processes
Which are the sparsest cells in the epidermis?
Merkel cells
Fall prevention in older adults should focus on which types of exercise?
Strength building and balance
A biology class is discussing blood flow directions and the role of arteries and veins. The professor says, "The skin is the only place where there is a direct anastomosis between an artery and a vein." What is the purpose for this type of blood flow in the skin?
Temperature regulation
When explaining why some children have albinism, the science teacher explains that which enzyme is needed for synthesis of melanin?
Tyrosinase
A client tells the nurse about being very concerned because the health care provider noted that the client's fractured arm is healing with malunion. The nurse recognizes this as:
healing with deformity, angulation, or rotation that is visible on x-ray films.
When a nurse is assessing a client with osteoarthritis, which factor poses a risk for the disease?
obesity
After a week in which a client worked four 12-hour shifts and went home to two children with the flu, the client is feeling fatigued. How should this client's fatigue be categorized?
physiologic
In explaining a papule to a client, a nurse defines it as being a:
small, raised solid mass with a circumscribed border.
