PATHO 370 Week 3 Check Your Understanding

Massive release of histamine with consequent vasodilation and hypotension occurs with what type of shock?

Anaphylactic

What results when systemic blood pressure is increased?

Vasoconstriction

Tachycardia is an early sign of low cardiac output that occurs because of

baroreceptor activity.

Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)

communication between the aorta and the pulmonary artery.

Second-degree heart block type I (Wenckebach) is characterized by

lengthening PR intervals and dropped P wave.

Critically ill patients may have parenterally administered vasoactive drugs that are adjusted according to their _____ pressure.

mean arterial

Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria?

128/82

A middle-aged patient has a follow up visit for a recorded blood pressure of 162/96 mm Hg taken 3 weeks ago. The patient has no significant past medical history and takes no medications, but smokes 1 1/2 packs of cigarettes per day, drinks alcohol regularly, and exercises infrequently. The patient is about 40 lbs. overweight and admits to a high-fat, high-calorie diet. At the office visit today, the patient's blood pressure is 150/92 mm Hg. What is the least appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Begin antihypertensive drug therapy.

After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later. The patient reports "moderate" adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?

Continue lifestyle modifications only.

Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells?

Elevated CK-MB, troponin I, and troponin T

Chronic elevation of myocardial wall tension results in atrophy.

False

The most commonly recognized outcome of hypertension is pulmonary disease

False

While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding?

Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease.

Angina caused by coronary artery spasm is called _____ angina.

Prinzmetal variant

A patient presenting with fever, hypotension, and lactic acidosis is most likely to be experiencing what type of shock?

Septic

A patient with cold and edematous extremities, low cardiac output, and profound hypotension is likely to be experiencing a progressive stage of ________ shock.

Septic

Overproduction of nitric oxide is an important aspect of the pathophysiologic process of what type of shock?

Septic

The ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension.

True

A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing

acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema.

The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with

antibiotics.

The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of

apoptosis.

Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at

decreasing myocardial oxygen demands.

In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with

high cardiac output.

A patient has a history of falls, syncope, dizziness, and blurred vision. The patient's symptomology is most likely related to

hypotension

Lusitropic impairment refers to

impaired diastolic relaxation

A loud pansystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla is most likely a result of

mitral regurgitation.

The prevalence of high blood pressure is higher in

non-hispanic black adults

A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock.

obstructive

A patient with heart failure who reports intermittent shortness of breath during the night is experiencing

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Hypotension associated with neurogenic and anaphylactic shock is because of

peripheral pooling of blood.

Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to

pulmonary stenosis.

Beta-blockers are advocated in the management of heart failure because they

reduce cardiac output.

Cardiogenic shock is characterized by

reduced cardiac output.

The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is

reduced cardiac output.

Atherosclerotic plaques with large lipid cores are prone to

rupture

A laboratory test that should be routinely monitored in patients receiving digitalis therapy is

serum potassium.

A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is

stable angina.

A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience

syncope.

Improvement in a patient with septic shock is indicated by an increase in

systemic vascular resistance.

An example of an acyanotic heart defect is

ventricular septal defect.