patho ch 12
Which pain disorder is a manifestation of a disruption of cranial nerve function?
Trigeminal neuralgia
Which of these clients' statements would be most suggestive of retinal detachment?
"I feel like there's a shadow that's blocking my vision."
An older adult client has been diagnosed with macular degeneration. Which statement by the client best demonstrates an accurate understanding of the new diagnosis?
"I suppose that this may be one of the things that happens when you get older."
The nurse is working with a client who has been diagnosed with recurring migraine headaches. Which advice by the nurse is most appropriate?
"Many people find that maintaining regular eating and sleeping habits is beneficial."
A client asks if pain threshold and pain tolerance are the same. The best response by the health care provider would be:
"Pain threshold is the point at which a stimulus is perceived as painful."
What is ocular muscle imbalance resulting in "lazy eye" called?
Amblyopia
A client reports sudden, acute left eye pain with blurred vision and a headache on the affected side. The client is most likely experiencing:
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Which principles should underlie the pain control strategy in the care of a child with a diagnosis of cancer?
Dosing and timing should aim for a steady serum level of the prescribed drug.
The nurse is assessing a client's hearing and wants to determine if the client has hearing loss of certain frequencies. Which audiometry test will the nurse perform?
Pure-tone audiometry
The nurse is performing an eye assessment on a client who presents with a red eye. The nurse determines that the redness is related to bacterial conjunctivitis based on which additional symptom(s)?
Tearing, itching, and burning
A 2-year-old child who has had otitis media (OM) for 4 months and been treated with several courses of antibiotics now appears to have some hearing loss. The nurse anticipates that the most appropriate treatment for the child would be:
Tympanostomy tube insertion
Which characteristic differentiates a migraine with aura from a migraine without aura?
Visual symptoms such as flickering lights precede the headache
The nurse is caring for a client with visual impairment who states recent difficulty seeing clearly at night. Which condition does the nurse suspect the client may suffer from?
Vitamin A deficiency
Which stimulus would be used to elicit the withdrawal reflex when testing response to nociceptive stimuli?
pressure from a sharp object
A client who experiences constant cloudiness of vision, sees floaters, and has an opaque lens is diagnosed with a cataract. The most appropriate treatment would be:
surgical lens replacement to correct vision.
The nurse offers a client recovering from knee surgery a prescribed opioid analgesic. The client states, "I don't find the pain that severe. I think acetaminophen will be fine." How should the nurse respond?
"This is fine as long as your pain tolerance allows you to participate in the prescribed postoperative exercises."
The nurse is teaching a client who has tinnitus about suggested dietary modifications. What information is most important for the nurse to include?
"Try cutting down on foods high in monosodium glutamate."
The nurse is assessing a client who recently experienced significant barotrauma associated with air travel. The client states, "I have flown dozens of times without issue. Why did this happen this time?" What is the nurse's best response?
"Upper airway congestion can increase the risk. Were you congested at the time of travel?"
A client presents with copious amounts of yellow-green drainage, conjunctival redness, and chemosis to the right eye. A culture of the eye drainage reveals S. pneumoniae. The client most likely developed:
Bacterial conjunctivitis
A client is experiencing chest pain that radiates to the left arm and neck. The nurse would interpret this pain as:
Referred
The nurse is caring for an older adult client with a suspected diagnosis of presbycusis. Select the most likely manifestation.
Sensorineural hearing loss caused by natural aging
The nurse documents the presence of nystagmus when assessing a client. This can be interpreted as:
involuntary eye movements that preserve eye fixation on stable objects in the visual field.
The nurse is explaining the role of aqueous humor in the development of glaucoma to a client who has just been diagnosed with the condition. How should the nurse describe the role of aqueous humor in the pathogenesis of glaucoma?
Aqueous humor is continually produced and drained to maintain the appropriate pressure. In glaucoma, the normal drainage is impeded and the increased pressure can damage the optic nerve.
A nurse working in an outpatient pediatric clinic notes a large number of ear infections among children. What is the nurse's understanding of this increased rate?
The eustachian tube is narrower in children.
Although both vertigo and dizziness can result from peripheral or central vestibular disorders, vertigo is distinctly different because it causes:
an illusion of motion.
The nurse is caring for a client who reports tinnitus. Which findings in the client's history does the nurse expect may be the cause of the client's condition? (Select all that apply.)
atherosclerosis, hypertension, previous head injury
Which intervention would be considered a nonpharmacologic method of pain control? Select all that apply.
distraction by knitting, guided imagery, biofeedback
Sites of referred pain are determined by:
embryonic development of visceral and somatic structures.
The nurse is caring for a client who reports having a mildly painful, itchy ear canal with no other associated symptoms. For which condition will the nurse assess the client based on the presenting symptoms?
external otitis (acute otitis externa or swimmer's ear)
The ophthalmologist is performing a client's annual eye exam and notes an increase in intraocular pressure. The condition most likely is the result of:
imbalance between aqueous production and outflow.
