Patho chapter 6 study guide

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Can you recall the four types of talipes?

Varus, Valgus, Equinus, and Calcaneus

What is toxemia?

Poisonous substance in the blood.

What is atelectasis?

collapsed lung

Ventricular septal defect

Abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles

atrial septal defect

Abnormal opening between the two atria

What is chyme?

A liquid mixture of partially digested food and gastric secretions.

What do you recall about cerebral palsy?

A neurological assessment is the first common diagnostic tool.

What are the two types of orofacial clefts?

Cleft lip and cleft palate

What is the congenital disease that affects only males?

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (cryptorchidism)

What is the term used when each kidney has two ureters instead of one?

Duplicated ureter

Can you name at least three congenital defects of the ureter, bladder, and urethra?

Duplicated ureter, retrocaval ureter, ectopic orifice of the ureter

What are the two main causes of congenital birth defects?

Exposure to some agent or teratogen during pregnancy and genetic causes

Meningomyelocele

External sac that contains meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and a portion of the cord and nerve roots.

Patent ductus arteriosus

Failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to completely close.

What is meconium?

First feces of a newborn

spina bifida occulta

Incomplete closure of one or more vertebrae

Meningocele

Incomplete closure of vertebrae with protrusion of spinal fluid and meninges into the sac.

Name the signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

Intestinal obstruction and wheezy respirations.

What do you know about fetal alcohol syndrome?

It is totally preventable

How might you best describe an omphalocele?

It may be detected prior to birth through ultrasound.

Coarctation of the aorta

Localized narrowing of the aorta

What is the confirming diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Muscle biopsy showing connective tissue and fat deposits

What is lumen?

Open space in a tubular structure

What does PKU stand for? Describe the treatment.

Phenylketonuria, follow a protein-restrictive diet.

What are the most common teratogens?

Physical agents such as radiation, drugs, chemicals, maternal issues such as diabetes.

What is the characteristic symptoms in pyloric stenosis?

Projectile vomiting

What are the four most common forms of club foot or talipes?

Talipes Varus, Talipes Valgus, Talipes Equinus, Talipes Calcaneus.

What is known about cleft lip and palate?

The defect may occur singly or together and vary in severity.

What is the classic symptom of Tourette syndrome?

Tics (facial tics, etc)

The abbreviation TEF is used for what disorder?

Tracheoesophageal fistula

What is the term used to identify Down syndrome that names the congenital defect?

Trisomy 21

What are the three forms of congenital hip dysplasia?

Unstable hip dysplasia, incomplete dislocation, and complete dislocation


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