Patho chapter 6 study guide
Can you recall the four types of talipes?
Varus, Valgus, Equinus, and Calcaneus
What is toxemia?
Poisonous substance in the blood.
What is atelectasis?
collapsed lung
Ventricular septal defect
Abnormal opening between the right and left ventricles
atrial septal defect
Abnormal opening between the two atria
What is chyme?
A liquid mixture of partially digested food and gastric secretions.
What do you recall about cerebral palsy?
A neurological assessment is the first common diagnostic tool.
What are the two types of orofacial clefts?
Cleft lip and cleft palate
What is the congenital disease that affects only males?
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (cryptorchidism)
What is the term used when each kidney has two ureters instead of one?
Duplicated ureter
Can you name at least three congenital defects of the ureter, bladder, and urethra?
Duplicated ureter, retrocaval ureter, ectopic orifice of the ureter
What are the two main causes of congenital birth defects?
Exposure to some agent or teratogen during pregnancy and genetic causes
Meningomyelocele
External sac that contains meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and a portion of the cord and nerve roots.
Patent ductus arteriosus
Failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to completely close.
What is meconium?
First feces of a newborn
spina bifida occulta
Incomplete closure of one or more vertebrae
Meningocele
Incomplete closure of vertebrae with protrusion of spinal fluid and meninges into the sac.
Name the signs and symptoms of cystic fibrosis?
Intestinal obstruction and wheezy respirations.
What do you know about fetal alcohol syndrome?
It is totally preventable
How might you best describe an omphalocele?
It may be detected prior to birth through ultrasound.
Coarctation of the aorta
Localized narrowing of the aorta
What is the confirming diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Muscle biopsy showing connective tissue and fat deposits
What is lumen?
Open space in a tubular structure
What does PKU stand for? Describe the treatment.
Phenylketonuria, follow a protein-restrictive diet.
What are the most common teratogens?
Physical agents such as radiation, drugs, chemicals, maternal issues such as diabetes.
What is the characteristic symptoms in pyloric stenosis?
Projectile vomiting
What are the four most common forms of club foot or talipes?
Talipes Varus, Talipes Valgus, Talipes Equinus, Talipes Calcaneus.
What is known about cleft lip and palate?
The defect may occur singly or together and vary in severity.
What is the classic symptom of Tourette syndrome?
Tics (facial tics, etc)
The abbreviation TEF is used for what disorder?
Tracheoesophageal fistula
What is the term used to identify Down syndrome that names the congenital defect?
Trisomy 21
What are the three forms of congenital hip dysplasia?
Unstable hip dysplasia, incomplete dislocation, and complete dislocation