Tissues

chondrocytes

mature cartilage cells

basal surface (epithelium)

side of epithelium closer to underlying connective tissue

apical surface (epithelium)

side of epithelium exposed to outside environment

cartilage

- connective tissue - chondrocytes in lacunae - avascular - usually surrounded by perichondrium

dense connective tissue

- connective tissue - higher proportion of fibers to ground substance - protein fibers densely packed

bone (osseous connective tissue)

- connective tissue - osteocytes rest in lacunae - surrounded by periosteum

loose connective tissue

- connective tissue - relatively fewer cells & fibers - fibers loosely arranged

dense irregular connective tissue

- dense CT - fibroblasts - collagen (protein) fibers found in 'clumps' - function: provides tensile strength in all directions - location: dermis of skin, capsules of organs

dense regular connective tissue

- dense CT - fibroblasts - densely packed collagen fibers - fibers run in parallel - poor vascularity - function: provides strength & flexibility in one direction - location: tendons & ligaments

cuboidal epithelium

- epithelium - about as tall as they are wide

pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

- epithelium - cells are columnar, irregularly shaped - create appearance of stratified - all cells attached to basement membrane - goblet cells EX: lines upper respiratory tract

squamous epithelium

- epithelium - flattened cells

transitional epithelium

- epithelium - found in most of urinary tract - some cells are binucleated - withstands distension and relaxing of bladder EX: bladder

stratified epithelium

- epithelium - multiple layers thick - protective function

simple squamous epithelium

- epithelium - one layer of flattened cells - good for diffusion, filtration EX: lines air sacs of lungs, lumens of blood vessels

simple epithelium

- epithelium - one layer thick

simple cuboidal epithelium

- epithelium - single layer of cells about as tall as they are wide - secretion and absorption EX: lines tubules of kidneys, ducts of most glands

simple columnar epithelium

- epithelium - single layer of tall cells - microvilli form a brush border (apical surface) - goblet cells - secretion and absorption EX: lines most of GI tract

keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

- epithelium - superficial laters of cells are flattened, deeper layers of cell are cuboidal - contains keratin - most superficial layers consist of dead cells EX: epidermis of skin

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

- epithelium - superficial laters of cells are flattened, deeper layers of cell are cuboidal - most superficial cells are alive and kept moist EX: oral cavity, portion of pharynx, vagina

stratified squamous epithelium

- epithelium - superficial laters of cells are flattened, deeper layers of cell are cuboidal - two kinds: keratinized & nonkeratinized

columnar epithelium

- epithelium - taller than wider shaped cells

holocrine glands

- exocrine gland - cells rupture, die, and become secretion EX: sebaceous glands

merocrine glands

- exocrine gland - secretion passes from cell - cell remains intact EX: Lacrimal (tear) glands, salivary glands, sweat glands

apocrine glands

- exocrine gland - top part of cell is pinched off, becomes secretion EX: mammary glands, ceruminous glands

unicellular exocrine glands

- formed from epithelial tissues - one cell - secrete mucus EX: goblet cell

adipose connective tissue

- loose CT - adipocytes - functions: protects, stores fat, insulates - location: subcutaneous layer, surrounds kidney & other organs

areolar connective tissue

- loose CT - fibroblasts - very vascular - function: packs around & binds organs - location: surrounding nerves, vessels, subcutaneous layer

cardiac muscle tissue

- muscle tissue - short cylindrical cells - some cells bifurcated (branching) - one or 2 centrally-located nuclei - intercalated discs - striations - located only in heart

smooth (visceral) muscle tissue

- muscle tissue - spindle shaped cells - one centrally-located nucleus - no striations - function: moves materials through hollow organs

spongy bone

- osseous connective tissue - inner lattice-work of bone - houses hemopoietic tissue

nervous tissue

- tissue - controls activities, processes information

epithelium

- tissue - covers body/organ surfaces - lines body cavities & insides of hollow organs - forms (endocrine) glands

muscle tissue

- tissue - moves body or moves organ walls

skeletal muscle tissue

-muscle tissue - long cylindrical cells - multinucleated - nuclei at periphery of cell - striations

connective tissue

-tissue - derived from mesenchyme - typically vascular - consists of cells, protein fibers and ground substance - functions: bind, support, or connect various structures or other tissues

tissue

group of similar cells that perform a common function

perichondrium

layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage

compact bone

- osseous connective tissue - outer shell of bone

hyaline cartilage

- weakest cartilage - found on joint surfaces, trachea, fetal skeleton - function: support, provides smooth surface for joint movement

fibrocartilage

- cartilage - found in intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis, menisci - function: support, withstands compression

elastic cartilage

- cartilage - in external ear - function: flexibility & strength

fluid connective tissue

- connective tissue - blood and lymph