Tissues
chondrocytes
mature cartilage cells
basal surface (epithelium)
side of epithelium closer to underlying connective tissue
apical surface (epithelium)
side of epithelium exposed to outside environment
cartilage
- connective tissue - chondrocytes in lacunae - avascular - usually surrounded by perichondrium
dense connective tissue
- connective tissue - higher proportion of fibers to ground substance - protein fibers densely packed
bone (osseous connective tissue)
- connective tissue - osteocytes rest in lacunae - surrounded by periosteum
loose connective tissue
- connective tissue - relatively fewer cells & fibers - fibers loosely arranged
dense irregular connective tissue
- dense CT - fibroblasts - collagen (protein) fibers found in 'clumps' - function: provides tensile strength in all directions - location: dermis of skin, capsules of organs
dense regular connective tissue
- dense CT - fibroblasts - densely packed collagen fibers - fibers run in parallel - poor vascularity - function: provides strength & flexibility in one direction - location: tendons & ligaments
cuboidal epithelium
- epithelium - about as tall as they are wide
pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium
- epithelium - cells are columnar, irregularly shaped - create appearance of stratified - all cells attached to basement membrane - goblet cells EX: lines upper respiratory tract
squamous epithelium
- epithelium - flattened cells
transitional epithelium
- epithelium - found in most of urinary tract - some cells are binucleated - withstands distension and relaxing of bladder EX: bladder
stratified epithelium
- epithelium - multiple layers thick - protective function
simple squamous epithelium
- epithelium - one layer of flattened cells - good for diffusion, filtration EX: lines air sacs of lungs, lumens of blood vessels
simple epithelium
- epithelium - one layer thick
simple cuboidal epithelium
- epithelium - single layer of cells about as tall as they are wide - secretion and absorption EX: lines tubules of kidneys, ducts of most glands
simple columnar epithelium
- epithelium - single layer of tall cells - microvilli form a brush border (apical surface) - goblet cells - secretion and absorption EX: lines most of GI tract
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- epithelium - superficial laters of cells are flattened, deeper layers of cell are cuboidal - contains keratin - most superficial layers consist of dead cells EX: epidermis of skin
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
- epithelium - superficial laters of cells are flattened, deeper layers of cell are cuboidal - most superficial cells are alive and kept moist EX: oral cavity, portion of pharynx, vagina
stratified squamous epithelium
- epithelium - superficial laters of cells are flattened, deeper layers of cell are cuboidal - two kinds: keratinized & nonkeratinized
columnar epithelium
- epithelium - taller than wider shaped cells
holocrine glands
- exocrine gland - cells rupture, die, and become secretion EX: sebaceous glands
merocrine glands
- exocrine gland - secretion passes from cell - cell remains intact EX: Lacrimal (tear) glands, salivary glands, sweat glands
apocrine glands
- exocrine gland - top part of cell is pinched off, becomes secretion EX: mammary glands, ceruminous glands
unicellular exocrine glands
- formed from epithelial tissues - one cell - secrete mucus EX: goblet cell
adipose connective tissue
- loose CT - adipocytes - functions: protects, stores fat, insulates - location: subcutaneous layer, surrounds kidney & other organs
areolar connective tissue
- loose CT - fibroblasts - very vascular - function: packs around & binds organs - location: surrounding nerves, vessels, subcutaneous layer
cardiac muscle tissue
- muscle tissue - short cylindrical cells - some cells bifurcated (branching) - one or 2 centrally-located nuclei - intercalated discs - striations - located only in heart
smooth (visceral) muscle tissue
- muscle tissue - spindle shaped cells - one centrally-located nucleus - no striations - function: moves materials through hollow organs
spongy bone
- osseous connective tissue - inner lattice-work of bone - houses hemopoietic tissue
nervous tissue
- tissue - controls activities, processes information
epithelium
- tissue - covers body/organ surfaces - lines body cavities & insides of hollow organs - forms (endocrine) glands
muscle tissue
- tissue - moves body or moves organ walls
skeletal muscle tissue
-muscle tissue - long cylindrical cells - multinucleated - nuclei at periphery of cell - striations
connective tissue
-tissue - derived from mesenchyme - typically vascular - consists of cells, protein fibers and ground substance - functions: bind, support, or connect various structures or other tissues
tissue
group of similar cells that perform a common function
perichondrium
layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds cartilage
compact bone
- osseous connective tissue - outer shell of bone
hyaline cartilage
- weakest cartilage - found on joint surfaces, trachea, fetal skeleton - function: support, provides smooth surface for joint movement
fibrocartilage
- cartilage - found in intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis, menisci - function: support, withstands compression
elastic cartilage
- cartilage - in external ear - function: flexibility & strength
fluid connective tissue
- connective tissue - blood and lymph