patho exam 2

A patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus has been ordered insulin glargine. What information is essential for the nurse to teach this patient? A. "This medication should be mixed with the regular insulin each morning. "B. "This medication is very short-acting. You must be sure you eat after injecting it." C. "This medication is very expensive, but you will be receiving it only a short time." D. "This medication has a duration of action of 24 hours."

"This medication has a duration of action of 24 hours."

What information will the nurse teach the patient who has been prescribed an alpha glucosidase inhibitor? This medication will stimulate pancreatic insulin release." "This medication will increase the sensitivity of insulin receptor sites." "This medication will delay the absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines." "This medication cannot be used in combination with other antidiabetic agents."

"This medication will delay the absorption of carbohydrates from the intestines."

. A patient who has type 2 diabetes will begin taking glipizide [Glucotrol]. Which statement by the patient is concerning to the nurse?a."I will begin by taking this once daily with breakfast."b."It is safe to drink grapefruit juice while taking this drug."c."I may continue to have a glass of wine with dinner."d."I will need to check my blood sugar once daily or more."

C. "I may continue to have a glass of wine with dinner."

. The nurse will administer parenteral insulin to a patient who will receive a mixture of NPH (Humulin NPH) and regular (Humulin R). The nurse will give this medication via which route? a. Intradermal b. Intramuscular c. Intravenous d. Subcutaneous

D. subcutaneous

Which information should the nurse include in a teaching plan for patients taking oral hypoglycemic drugs? (Select all that apply.)

Report symptoms of anorexia and fatigue.Advise to avoid smoking and alcohol consumption.

. An adolescent patient recently attended a health fair and had a serum glucose test. The patient telephones the nurse and says, "My level was 125 mg/dL. Does that mean I have diabetes?" What is the nurse's most accurate response?a."Unless you were fasting for longer than 8 hours, this does not necessarily mean you have diabetes." b."At this level, you probably have diabetes. You will need an oral glucose tolerance test this week." c."This level is conclusive evidence that you have diabetes." d."This level is conclusive evidence that you do not have diabetes."

a."Unless you were fasting for longer than 8 hours, this does not necessarily mean you have diabetes."

A patient with type 1 diabetes reports mixing NPH and regular insulin to allow for one injection. What should the nurse tell the patient? a.This is an acceptable practice. b.These two forms of insulin are not compatible and cannot be mixed c.Mixing these two forms of insulin may increase the overall potency of the products. d.NPH insulin should only be mixed with insulin glargine.

a.This is an acceptable practice.

what is the nurse best action when finding a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus unresponsive, cold and clammy?

administer glucagon

A nurse is educating the staff nurses about ketoacidosis. To evaluate the group's understanding, the nurse asks, "Which sign or symptom would not be consistent with ketoacidosis?" The group gives which correct answer? a.Blood glucose level of 600 mg/dL b.Blood glucose level of 60 mg/dL c.Acidosis d.Ketones in the urine

b.Blood glucose level of 60 mg/dL

which oral anti-diabetic drug category should not be given if patients have renal impairment because it can cause lactic acidosis

biguanide (metformin)

Use of pioglitzazone (Actos)long terms can lead to what?

bladder cancer

A patient has administered regular insulin 30 minutes prior but has not received a breakfast tray. The patient is experiencing nervousness and tremors. What is the nurses first action?a. Administer glucagon. b. Give the patient orange juice. c. Notify the kitchen to deliver the tray. d. Perform bedside glucose testing.

d. Perform bedside glucose testing

Which statement is accurate about the long-term complications of diabetes? a.Long-term complications are almost always the result of hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. b.The complication rates for patients with optimally controlled type 2 diabetes are the same as for those whose disease is not optimally controlled. c.Optimal control of type 1 diabetes produces excessive episodes of life-threatening hypoglycemia. d.Optimal control of both types of diabetes reduces the risk of eye, kidney, and nerve damage.

d.Optimal control of both types of diabetes reduces the risk of eye, kidney, and nerve damage.

A patient with type 1 diabetes who takes insulin reports taking propranolol for hypertension. Why is the nurse concerned? a.The beta blocker can cause insulin resistance. b.Using the two agents together increases the risk of ketoacidosis. c.Propranolol increases insulin requirements because of receptor blocking. d.The beta blocker can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia.

d.The beta blocker can mask the symptoms of hypoglycemia.

lifestyle changes, oral drug therapy and insulin ( when the first two are unavailable ) are treatments for

type 2 diabetes