Patho Exam 3 module 8

A client visited her health care provider and was diagnosed with acute cervicitis. A clinical manifestation that accompanies acute cervicitis may include: A)Abscess formation B)Mucopurulent drainage C)Thick gray-white plaques D)Persistent pruritic vulvitis

B)Mucopurulent drainage

A college student presents to the nurse's office complaining of premenstrual syndrome. Which of the following clinical manifestations would confirm this diagnosis? Select all that apply. A)Painful, edematous breasts B)Burning during urination C)Abdominal bloating D)Thick, cheesy vaginal secretions E)Painful intercourse

A)Painful, edematous breasts C)Abdominal bloating

Endometriosis is characterized by painful hemorrhagic lesions in the pelvis, which may develop into which of the following potential complications? A)Pelvic adhesions B)Endometrial cancer C)Candidiasis vaginitis D)Bladder herniation

A)Pelvic adhesions

Which of the following clinical manifestations is most likely to accompany a diagnosis of vulvodynia? A)Vulvar pain B)Purulent discharge C)Urinary incontinence D)Open lesions on the surface of the vulva

A)Vulvar pain

A client asks the health care provider to, "Explain this brachytherapy they want to do for my cervical cancer again." The response should include which of the following statements? A)"They will insert a radioactive device into your vagina, position it next to the cervix, so that curative levels of radiation are directly on the cancer site. B)"The physician will take you to surgery, place your legs in the stirrups, and irrigate your entire vaginal cavity with radioactive water. Then they will pack your vaginal with sterile packing." C)"You will go to the x-ray department where they will insert a device in your vagina until it touches the cervix and then turn on a laser." D)"You will come to the radiation department daily for at least 4 weeks where they will insert a device and shine a beam on your cervical cancer area, hoping for it to burn the cancer off."

A)"They will insert a radioactive device into your vagina, position it next to the cervix, so that curative levels of radiation are directly on the cancer site.

A 29-year-old client had a Papanicolaou smear performed during her most recent visit to her primary care provider. This diagnostic procedure aims to identify: A)Atypical cervix cellular changes B)Human papillomavirus (HPV) antibodies C)Cervical polyps D)Lesions at the transformation zone

A)Atypical cervix cellular

Which of the following would be considered a structural abnormality or disease process that could cause menstrual pain known as secondary dysmenorrhea? Select all that apply. A)Endometriosis B)Uterine fibroids C)Cervicitis D)Cystocele E)Rectocele

A)Endometriosis B)Uterine fibroids

Which of the following processes is a component of the pathogenesis of proliferative breast lesions without atypia? A)Growth of ductile or lobular epithelial cells B)Cystic dilation of terminal ducts C)Increase in fibrous breast tissue D)Fat necrosis leading to lesion formation

A)Growth of ductile or lobular epithelial cells

While undergoing annual breast exam assessing for any manifestations of breast cancer, the nurse will discuss which of the following factors that place the client at high risk for cancer? Select all that apply. A)Late menopause B)First child born when she was 40 years old C)History of STIs and frequent vaginitis D)Multiple pregnancies E)Currently smokes approximately 2 packs/day of cigarettes

A)Late menopause B)First child born when she was 40 years old E)Currently smokes approximately 2 packs/day of cigarettes

While taking the history of a female client complaining of irregular, very painful bleeding occurring after menopause, the health care provider is alert to which of the following high-risk indicators of ovarian cancer? A)Never had any children B)Lactation history C)Mammary duct ectasia D)Oral contraceptive use for many years

A)Never had any children

A 21-year-old college student has sought care because of the vaginal burning, itching, and redness that have become worse in recent weeks. Which of the clinician's assessment questions is most likely to apply to a diagnosis of vaginitis? A)"Have your periods been regular in the last few months?" B)"Have you ever had a sexually transmitted infection?" C)"Are you using oral contraceptives?" D)"Have you ever been pregnant?"

B)"Have you ever had a sexually transmitted infection?"

Progesterone maintains pregnancy but also has which of the following local effects on the body? Select all that apply. A)Decrease in absorption of sodium B)Increase in basal body temperature C)Increase in secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex D)Relaxation of smooth muscle

B)Increase in basal body temperature C)Increase in secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex D)Relaxation of smooth muscle

Which of the following statements are accurate when it comes to changes in the male reproductive system as one ages? Select all that apply. A)Androgen hormone levels increase with age. B)Sexual energy levels decrease as one ages with decreasing testosterone levels. C)The testes become smaller and lose their firmness D)The prostate gland enlarges with age. E)The force of ejaculation increases with age.

B)Sexual energy levels decrease as one ages with decreasing testosterone levels. C)The testes become smaller and lose their firmness. D)The prostate gland enlarges with age.

a client has been diagnosed with an anterior pituary tumor and synthesis and release of follicle-stimulating hormone has become deranged. what are the potential consequences of this alteration in endocrine function? A. overproduction of fertelizing hormone B. Dysfunction of spermatogenesis C.inhibition of testosterone synthesis D.impaired detumescence

B. Dysfunction of spermatogenesis

A client visits the OB/GYN clinic complaining of low abdominal pain, purulent cervical discharge, and painful intercourse. The health care worker (HCW) diagnoses pelvic inflammatory disease. The HCW educates the client about that fact that this disease may be associated with: A)Chronic endometriosis B)Ruptured tubal pregnancy C)STI polymicrobial infection D)Serous luteal ovarian cysts

C)STI polymicrobial infection

Men older than age 50 are at high risk for prostatic hypertrophy with complications that include: A)hypospadias. B)scrotal edema. C)urine retention. D)testicular cancer.

C)urine retention.

Which of the following assessments is most likely to reveal a potential exacerbation in a 70-year-old client's diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)? A) blood test for white blood cells and differential B) sperm morphology C) digital rectal examination D) urine testing for microalbuminuria

C) digital rectal examination

A client with a family history of breast cancer has just learned that she carries the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation. When educating this client about follow-up care, which of the following statements would be most appropriate? A)"You do not have to worry about passing this on to your adult female children." B)"You should schedule a bilateral mastectomy today." C)"You should have more frequent breast evaluations using an MRI rather than standard mammography." D)"You should ask your doctor to order a PET scan to see if you have any cancer lesions anywhere else in your body."

C)"You should have more frequent breast evaluations using an MRI rather than standard mammography."

Which of the following physiologic changes results in menopause? A)Changes in anterior pituitary function that alter ovarian hormone production B)Gradual resistance of ovarian target cells to LH and FSH stimulation C)Cessation of ovarian function and decreased estrogen levels D)Decreased levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

C)Cessation of ovarian function and decreased estrogen levels

When explaining polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to a newly diagnosed client, the health care worker states, "This ovarian dysfunction is caused by: A)Absent FSH." B)Insulin deficit." C)Elevated LH." D)Low androgen."

C)Elevated LH."

When educating a group of teenagers about sexually transmitted infections (STIs), the school nurse also mentions that cervical cancer has been associated with which of the following viral infections? A)Chlamydia trachomatis B)Herpes simplex C)Human papilloma D)Varicella zoster

C)Human papilloma

Which of the following disorders of the male genitourinary system creates the most urgent need for prompt and aggressive medical treatment? A)Spermatocele B)Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) C)Intravaginal testicular torsion D)Erectile dysfunction

C)Intravaginal testicular torsion

As a result of endocrine disorder, the client with polycystic ovary syndrome will like exhibit which of the following clinical manifestations? Select all that apply. A)Male pattern baldness B)Metabolic syndrome with insulin resistance C)Irregular menstrual cycles D)Infections of the cervix E)BP 100/70s, low normal

C)Irregular menstrual cycles B)Metabolic syndrome with insulin resistance A)Male pattern baldness

During a visit to the health care provider, a client complains of swelling in the scrotum. The health care worker suspects a hydrocele and performs an exam by shining a light through the scrotum. If the hydrocele is dense, the health care worker should: A)Continue to monitor the client every 6 months to see if there is a change in size. B)Prescribe diuretics like Lasix to help remove excess fluid. C)Order an ultrasound or biopsy to rule out testicular cancer. D)Gently try to express the fluid out of the scrotal sac

C)Order an ultrasound or biopsy to rule out testicular cancer.

A client is complaining to the health care provider about several vague signs/symptoms. Which of the following raises a "red flag" indicating the client may have developed endometrial cancer? A)Lumps palpated in her breasts B)Small, atrophied ovaries C)Painless abnormal bleeding D)Difficulty emptying the bladder

C)Painless abnormal bleeding

A client comes to the college campus nurse complaining of unilateral pain, swelling, and redness on his scrotal area. The nurse knows these clinical manifestations are likely caused by: A. Syphilis B.Ticks Bites C. Epididymitis D. Testicular torsion

C. Epididymitis

A 59-year-old woman with a recent diagnosis of breast cancer has begun a course of hormone therapy. What is the goal of this pharmacologic treatment? A)Blocking the effects of progesterone on tumor growth B)Increasing serum hormone levels to promote tumor cell lysis C)Blocking the entry of malignant cells into the axillary lymph nodes D)Blocking effects of estrogen on the growth of malignant cells

D)Blocking effects of estrogen on the growth of malignant cells

A client arrives in the emergency department complaining of severe testicular pain associated with nausea and vomiting. Their pulse rate is 120 beats per min. Physical exam reveals an enlarged testis that is painful to palpation. The nurse suspects: A. Cancer of the scrotum B. Inguinal hernia C. Testicular torsion D. Testicular aneurysm

C. Testicular torsion

A nurse is conducting a healthy living workshop for a group of women in their 20s. Which of the following screening recommendations should the nurse provide to the participants? A)Monthly breast self-examination (BSE) B)BSE or mammography each year starting at age 40 C)Annual clinical breast examination until age 65 D)Clinical breast examination every 3 years until age 40

D)Clinical breast examination every 3 years until age 40

From the following list of clients, which ones are at high risk for developing priapism? Select all that apply. a) A middle-aged adult male with recent history of myocardial infarction b) An uncircumcised male with poor hygiene habits c) A college student with complete spinal cord injury at T12 level following auto accident d) A sixth grade male returning to school following sickle cell crisis e) A teenage cocaine abuser who has been "high" for the past 72 hours

D) A sixth grade male returning to school following sickle cell crisis• C) A college student with complete spinal cord injury at T12 level following auto accident

Which of the following complaints by middle-aged women should prompt a care provider to assess for the possibility of ovarian cancer? A)"I'm having a lot of vaginal discharge lately and it's quite foul. "B)"My periods have become quite irregular since last winter." C)"I have a sharp, stabbing pain on my side for the last few days. D)"I'm having a lot of indigestion and bloating, which I've never had before."

D)"I'm having a lot of indigestion and bloating, which I've never had before."

While breast-feeding her 3-month-old infant, the mother notices the breast area is hard, inflamed, and tender to touch. The clinic nurse explains that this is likely caused by: A)Intraductal papillomas B)Secretory cell hyperplasia C)Fibrocystic tissue changes D)Ascending bacterial infection

D)Ascending bacterial infection

which of the following diagnosis is most likely to require surgical correction? A. erectile disfunction B. orchitis C. spermatocele D. hypospadias

D. hypospadias

Which of the following physiologic processes is caused by estrogens? A. progesterone synthesis B.increased release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone C. stimulation of lactation in the postpartum period D. promotion of ovarian follicle growth

D. promotion of ovarian follicle growth

Which of the following statements about screening for prostate cancer is most accurate? a. Digital rectal examination and PSA testing have been proven ineffective. b. BPH and prostatitis can confound prostate screening results. c. Digital rectal examination detects the majority of new cases of prostate cancer d. A positive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is definitive for prostate cancer.

b. BPH and prostatitis can confound prostate screening results