Patho Exam 3 Quizes

B

Which term should be used to describe the collapse of an individual's previously inflated area of lung tissue? A. Aspiration B. Atelectasis C. Bronchiolitis D. Bronchoiectasis

B

Which term should be used to document an individual's report that "I have to sleep sitting up"? A. Clubbing B. Orthopnea C. Hyperpnea D. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

C

Which term would be used to describe the process of the tendency of the lungs to return to the resting state after inspiration? A. Collectins B. Compliance C. Elastic recoil D. Surface tension

D

Which term would describe the substance that is released in a synapse? A. Myelin B. Vermis C. Nissl substance D. Neurotransmitter

D

Which toxin of alcohol metabolism is damaging to the liver in alcoholism? A. Steroids B. Fatty acids C. Aldosterone D. Acetaldehyde

D

Which type of hypertension is caused by renal disease? A. Primary B. Idiopathic C. Orthostatic D. Secondary

C

Which type of pressure is located in the pleural space? A. Partial B. Positive C. Negative D. Complete

C

In the distal tubule, which cells would reabsorb potassium and bicarbonate and secrete hydrogen? A. Principal B. Macula densa C. Intercalated D. Juxtaglomerular

A

Which is the correct for the definition of cholelithiasis A. Gallstones B. Atrophy of the gallbladder C. Inflammation of the gallbladder D. Hypersecretion of bile by the liver

C

Which term describes receptors that monitor the pH and arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of arterial blood? A. J receptors B. Irritant receptors C. Chemoreceptors D. Stretch receptors

D

An individual has chronic bronchitis. Which assessment finding is typical? A. No cough B. Very thin, clear mucus C. Dry nonproductive cough D. Hypersecretion of thick mucus

B

An individual has nephrotic syndrome. Which substance will be lost in large amounts? A. Blood B. Protein C. Sodium D. Glucose

D

An individual has portal hypertension. Which is the MOST common manifestation found upon assessment? A. Ascites B. Altered mental state C. Abdominal pain from splenomegaly D. Vomiting blood from esophageal varices

B

An individual has prerenal acute kidney injury. Which information from the history is MOST consistent with this disorder? A. The Individual had glomerulonephritis B. The individual had severe hypotension C. The individual has acute tubular necrosis D. The individual has bilateral kidney stones

C

An individual with an inflamed gallbladder (cholecystitis) presents with pain in the right scapula. Which type of pain is the person experiencing? A. Motility B. Parietal C. Referred D. Secretory

D

Which term describes the functional cells of the liver? A. Bile B. Sinusoids C. Kupffer cells D. Hepatocytes

A

Low blood pressure would cause which hormone to be released that is produced and secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus? A. Renin B. Aldosterone C. Natiuretic peptides D. Antidiuretic hormone

D

Which information would accurately describe the myelin sheath? A. It is the area between the two neurons B. It is the location where the axons can branch out. C. It is a long fiber that conducts nerve impulses D. It is a protective membrane that surrounds nerve fibers.

A

Which action will generate heat? A. Shivering B. Vasodilation C. Muscle relaxation D. Increased sweating

B

Which assessment finding is associated with a drop in cardiac out put? A. Decreased secretion of renin B. Decreased mean arterial blood pressure C. increased arterial volume D.. increased arterial pressure

A

Which assessment finding is associated with early, increased intracranial pressure? A. Restlessness B. Inability to move C. Unresponsiveness D. Inability to verbalize

C

Which assessment findings are consistent with suspected amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig disease)? A. Writhing movements and progressive dementia B. Muscle rigidity, difficulty initiating movement, drooling. C. Progressive muscle weakness and eventually paralysis D. Progressive loss of memory, judgement, and self care ability.

B, C, D, E

Which can cause increase airway resistance? SATA A. Bronchodilation B. Airway obstruction C. Mucus in the bronchi D. Aspiration of a foreign body E. Edema of the bronchial mucosa

D

Which classic breathing pattern is generally identified by the nurse as Cheyne-Stokes respirations? A. Rapid ventilatory rate B. Rhythmic and effortless breathing C. Presence of occasional sighs during breathing D. Alternating periods of deep and shallow breathing

D

Which condition is associated with bulging anterior and posterior fontanelles in a 6 week old infant? A. malnutrition B. Microcephaly C. Encephalocele D. Hydrocephalus

A

Which describes the initial event in the process of atherosclerosis formation? A. injury to the endothelial cells B. Thrombosis in the vessel lumen C. Formation of the fatty streak in the tunica media D. Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the vessel wall

A

Which description is correct regarding how the majority of oxygen is transported to cells and tissue? A. Bound to hemoglobin B. Dissolved in plasma C. Bound to white blood cells D. Dissolved in the pulmonary capillary

D

Which function would be affected MOST if the pores of Kohn are damaged? A. Protection of alveoli B. Maintenance of tissue fluid C. Regulation of ventilatory rate D. Promotion of collateral ventilation

D

Which hormone would stimulate the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow? A. Renin B. Creatinine C. Aldosterone D. Erythropoietin

D

Which individual is at greatest risk for a pulmonary embolism? A. A woman with varicose veins B. A man with atherosclerosis C. A young adult with Raynaud disease D. An elderly client with deep vein thrombosis

D

Which information about systolic blood pressure is accurate? A. This is the blood pressure when the ventricles fill B. This is the blood pressure when the ventricles stop C. This is the blood pressure when the ventricles relax D. This is the blood pressure when the ventricles contract.

D

Which intrinsic mechanism would allow renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to stay relatively constant? A. Detrusor B. Micturition C. Filtration fraction D. Renal autoregulation

C

Which mechanism in the proximal tubule would reabsorb the majority of fluids into the vascular system during normal filtration and elimination? A. The tubule is 40 mm long, which increases the surface area. B. There is a negative charge to the proteins that line the tubule. C. Microvilli, or a brush border, increase the surface area of the tubule. D. A positive charge attracts water molecules to the surface for reabsorption

A, B, D, E

Which mechanism would occur when the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated? SATA A. Thirst stimulation B. Sodium reabsorption C. Systemic vasodilation D. Blood pressure stabilization E. Sympathetic nerve stimulation

D

Which pathophysiologic process is associated with myasthenia gravis? A. Lower and upper motor neuron degeneration B. Injury of the spinal roots caused by compression or direct trauma C. Autoimmune inflammatory response resulting in axonal demyelination D. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody production against acetylcholine receptors

D

Which possible cause may be associated with contrecoup injury? A. A missile B. A sharp projectile C. Fall due to chronic alcohol abuse D. Forceful impact on the opposite side

C

Which pressure receptors located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries affect heart rate and blood pressure? A. Poiseuille reflex B. Bainbridge reflex C. Baroreceptor reflex D. Frank Starling reflex

D

Which process accounts for the production of bilirubin? A. Bilirubin comes from bile salt metabolism B. Bilirubin comes from accumulation of albumin C. Bilirubin comes from degradation of fatty acids D. Bilirubin comes from destruction of aged red blood cells.

A, B, C, E

Which risk factors place individuals at a higher risk for hypertension? SATA A. Obesity B. High dietary sodium C. Glucose intolerance D. BP of 110/70 mm Hg E. Positive family history of hypertension

B, C, E

Which situation would cause the body to release renin? A. Micturition B. Hypotension C. Hypovolemia D. Increased stimulation of mesangial cells E. Decreased sodium chloride in distal convoluted tubule

C

Which statement correctly characterizes the effect of adipokines on the development of obesity? A. Adipokines turn normal cells into adipocytes. B. White adipose tissue causes asipokines to be secreted. C. Adipokines regulate hunger, satiety, and energy balance. D. The level of brown adipose tissue is controlled by adipokines.

A

Which statement describes how blood flow is affected in aortic stenosis? A. Resistance to blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta B. Resistance to blood flow from the right ventricle into the lungs C. Resistance to blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle D. Resistance to blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle

B

Which statement describes how cardiac output is determined? A. It is the product of the MAP and the SVR B. It is the product of the stroke volume and the heart rate C. It is the product of the pulse pressure and the mean arterial pressure (MAP) D. It is the product of the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and the pulse pressure.

B

Which statement describes pain threshold? A. Repeated exposure to pain B. The point at which pain is perceived C. The greatest intensity of pain that can be endured D. Pain at one location that may mask pain at another location.

A

Which statement is correct regarding leptin? A. Fasting produces low levels of leptin B. High levels of leptin stimulate food intake C. When leptin levels are high, the body's energy expenditure is reduced. D. Low levels of leptin are produced when the number of adipocytes increases.

B

Which structure composed of sodium sensing cells would be located between the afferent and efferent arterioles? A. Podocytes B. Macula densa C. Juxtaglomerular cells D. Juxtaglomerular apparatus

B

Which structure provides blood to the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen? A. Hepatic artery B. Splanchnic circulation C. Inferior mesenteric arteries D. Superior mesenteric arteries

A, B

Which structures would be categorized as the central nervous system? SATA A. Brain B. Spinal Cord C. Spinal Nerves D. Cranial Nerves E. Parasympathetic Fibers