Patho Final Exam Quizzes

Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to

decrease hydrochloric acid secretion

Epigastric pain is most likely suggestive of

duodenal ulcer

The patient's perceived difficulty in swallowing, the general inability to initiate swallowing, or even the feeling that swallowed solids or liquids "stick" in the throat is referred to by which term?

dysphagia

What causes esophageal varices?

elevated portal pressure

Impaired blood flow through the liver results in portal hypertension. This may produce

esophageal varices

The diarrhea seen with IBD is primarily an example of

exudative diarrhea

Stetohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of _______ in the liver cells.

fat

Crohn disease is associated with what complications?

fistulas, abscesses, and perianal fissures

Activation of the renin-angiotensin system in shock causes what action?

fluid retention

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is

gastroesophageal varices

Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux include

hiatal hernia

Ascites is related to which of the following?

hypoalbuminemia and portal hypertension

Uncontrolled massive bleeding causes what type of shock?

hypovolemic

Types of shock categorized by abnormal distribution of CO (distributive shock) include all the following, except

hypovolemic shock

Which of the following is a true statement regarding diverticular disease?

if diverticuli become inflamed, intestinal obstruction may result

In abdominal disorders, the location of "referred" pain felt by the patient is usually found where?

in the same dermatome as the source

What is the underlying problem common among all types of shock?

inadequate cellular oxygenation

How is circulatory shock best defined?

inadequate tissue perfusion

In the early compensated stage of circulatory shock, blood pressure is maintained because of

increased systemic vascular resistance

Constipation in an elderly adult can be best treated by

increasing fiber in the diet

Jaundice is common manifestation of

liver disease

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C share a similar

mode of transmission

Which type of shock is characterized by generalized vasodilation and peripheral pooling of blood?

neurogenic, anaphylactic, and septic

For the client in hypovolemic shock, what compensatory mechanism will help preserve adequate circulation?

renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade

The vasoactive mediators released in septic shock contribute to an increase in what?

vascular permeability

What is the pathophysiologic mechanism involved in the development of diarrhea?

- osmotic diarrhea - motility disturbances - exudative diarrhea - secretory diarrhea

Heartburn is most likely a consequence of which of the following?

- stimulation of esophageal sensory nerve endings - esophageal spasm - backflow of gastric contents in esophagus

All of the following are primary functions of the liver except

EPO synthesis

At present, universal vaccination of children is recommended for

Hep A and B

Which form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?

Hep B

Although symptoms are sometimes similar to those of inflammatory bowel disorder, what is an important difference between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and IBD

IBD has identifiable pathology of the GI tract, whereas IBS has no identifiable pathology

The term diverticulosis refers to a condition associated with which characteristic?

acquired herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa

The physiologic responses occurring in compensatory shock are primarily from

activation of the SNS

H. pylori infection has been implicated in all the following except

acute gastritis

An increased serum lactate level (lactic acidosis) is commonly used as a marker of

anaerobic metabolism

A major predisposing factor to the development of pseudomembranous enterocolitis is

antibiotic therapy

The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with

antibiotics

A patient with PUD should be encouraged to avoid

aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is

autoimmune hepatitis

Common manifestations of PUD include

burning epigastric pain

Hepatitis A

can be prevented through immunization

A common cause of stomatitis seen in immunosuppressed patients is

candida albicans infection

A patient in septic shock is getting IV fluids but remains hypotensive and the nurse notes third spacing of fluids. What is the mechanism behind these observations?

capillary leaking of fluid

Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock.

cardiogenic

The common finding in all types of circulatory shock is

cellular hypoxia

What term is used to describe the process of converting bilirubin from its freely lipid-soluble form to the form that is tightly bound to the plasma protein albumin?

conjugation

Chronic hepatitis, regardless of the specific disease, is characterized by

continuing liver inflammation for 6 months of longer

The encephalopathy seen with liver failure is associated with the inability of the liver to

convert ammonia to urea for excretion