Patho Final Exam Quizzes
Proton pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to
decrease hydrochloric acid secretion
Epigastric pain is most likely suggestive of
duodenal ulcer
The patient's perceived difficulty in swallowing, the general inability to initiate swallowing, or even the feeling that swallowed solids or liquids "stick" in the throat is referred to by which term?
dysphagia
What causes esophageal varices?
elevated portal pressure
Impaired blood flow through the liver results in portal hypertension. This may produce
esophageal varices
The diarrhea seen with IBD is primarily an example of
exudative diarrhea
Stetohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of _______ in the liver cells.
fat
Crohn disease is associated with what complications?
fistulas, abscesses, and perianal fissures
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system in shock causes what action?
fluid retention
A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is
gastroesophageal varices
Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux include
hiatal hernia
Ascites is related to which of the following?
hypoalbuminemia and portal hypertension
Uncontrolled massive bleeding causes what type of shock?
hypovolemic
Types of shock categorized by abnormal distribution of CO (distributive shock) include all the following, except
hypovolemic shock
Which of the following is a true statement regarding diverticular disease?
if diverticuli become inflamed, intestinal obstruction may result
In abdominal disorders, the location of "referred" pain felt by the patient is usually found where?
in the same dermatome as the source
What is the underlying problem common among all types of shock?
inadequate cellular oxygenation
How is circulatory shock best defined?
inadequate tissue perfusion
In the early compensated stage of circulatory shock, blood pressure is maintained because of
increased systemic vascular resistance
Constipation in an elderly adult can be best treated by
increasing fiber in the diet
Jaundice is common manifestation of
liver disease
Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C share a similar
mode of transmission
Which type of shock is characterized by generalized vasodilation and peripheral pooling of blood?
neurogenic, anaphylactic, and septic
For the client in hypovolemic shock, what compensatory mechanism will help preserve adequate circulation?
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone cascade
The vasoactive mediators released in septic shock contribute to an increase in what?
vascular permeability
What is the pathophysiologic mechanism involved in the development of diarrhea?
- osmotic diarrhea - motility disturbances - exudative diarrhea - secretory diarrhea
Heartburn is most likely a consequence of which of the following?
- stimulation of esophageal sensory nerve endings - esophageal spasm - backflow of gastric contents in esophagus
All of the following are primary functions of the liver except
EPO synthesis
At present, universal vaccination of children is recommended for
Hep A and B
Which form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually?
Hep B
Although symptoms are sometimes similar to those of inflammatory bowel disorder, what is an important difference between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and IBD
IBD has identifiable pathology of the GI tract, whereas IBS has no identifiable pathology
The term diverticulosis refers to a condition associated with which characteristic?
acquired herniations of the muscular colon wall mucosa and submucosa
The physiologic responses occurring in compensatory shock are primarily from
activation of the SNS
H. pylori infection has been implicated in all the following except
acute gastritis
An increased serum lactate level (lactic acidosis) is commonly used as a marker of
anaerobic metabolism
A major predisposing factor to the development of pseudomembranous enterocolitis is
antibiotic therapy
The majority of cases of anaphylactic shock occur when a sensitized individual comes in contact with
antibiotics
A patient with PUD should be encouraged to avoid
aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Hepatitis with the presence of autoantibodies and positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is
autoimmune hepatitis
Common manifestations of PUD include
burning epigastric pain
Hepatitis A
can be prevented through immunization
A common cause of stomatitis seen in immunosuppressed patients is
candida albicans infection
A patient in septic shock is getting IV fluids but remains hypotensive and the nurse notes third spacing of fluids. What is the mechanism behind these observations?
capillary leaking of fluid
Low cardiac output in association with high preload is characteristic of ________ shock.
cardiogenic
The common finding in all types of circulatory shock is
cellular hypoxia
What term is used to describe the process of converting bilirubin from its freely lipid-soluble form to the form that is tightly bound to the plasma protein albumin?
conjugation
Chronic hepatitis, regardless of the specific disease, is characterized by
continuing liver inflammation for 6 months of longer
The encephalopathy seen with liver failure is associated with the inability of the liver to
convert ammonia to urea for excretion