Patho in nursing- Exam 3
Upon reviewing a female client's laboratory reports, a nurse finds that the client tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection. Following assessment, the nurse determines the client has a low probability of infertility problems because of an infection. Which infection in the client would not increase risk for infertility problems?
Human papillomavirus infection
A nurse observes that a newborn has an abnormally positioned urethral orifice of the penis. Which disorder will the nurse suspect in the newborn?
Hypospadias
A female client reports missed menstrual periods after discontinuing hormonal contraceptives. What could be the reason behind the missed menstrual periods?
Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction
The nurse observes a diabetic client who has a wound that has not healed for a long time. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client?
Immunosuppression
Which artery provides engorgement of the glans during erection?
Dorsal
A nurse is reviewing the Papanicolaou (Pap) smear test results of a client. What should the nurse assess in review of the test results?
Dysplasia
A client has exposure to the Neisseria gonorrhoeae organism and becomes infected. Which symptom would be noted in the client immediately after the infection?
Dysuria
Which sexually transmitted disease is known as the great imposter?
Syphilis
Which medication is associated with the growth of endometrial polyps?
Tamoxifen
Which disorder can occur due to HIV?
Testicular cancer
Which condition can cause ischemia of the testicle?
Testicular torsion
While assessing a male client, a nurse finds erythema, swelling, and tenderness of the scrotum. The client also reports pain in the scrotum. Which disorder does the nurse suspect in the client?
Testicular torsion
While caring for a neonate immediately following a vaginal birth, a nurse finds that the mother has gonorrhea. Which prescription should the nurse anticipate to be most beneficial to the neonate?
Tetracycline ophthalmic ointment (Ocudox)
Why does the nurse use the C-peptide test for a type 1 diabetic client?
To ELEVATE residual pancreatic function
A nurse is caring for a 19-year-old female client who has never had a menstrual cycle and has a webbed neck, short stature, and a broad shield-like chest. What is the most probable cause of the client's condition?
Turner syndrome
A client who is scheduled for a hysteroscopy asks a nurse about the procedure involved in this technique. Which statement made by the client indicates effective understanding?
"A THIN telescopic type device is inserted via the vagina into the uterus."
A registered nurse is teaching about the medications for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) to a group of student nurses. Which statement of a student nurse indicates the need for further teaching?
"Alpha-blockers REDUCE the size of the prostate."
While assessing a young female client for reproductive disorders, a nurse understands that the client has amenorrhea. Which specific question should the nurse ask the client?
"Do you have any THYROID GLAND disorders?"
The registered nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about managing hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS) in clients. Which response of a student nurse indicates effective learning?
"Fluids should be administered BEFORE administering intravenous (IV) insulin to the client."
A registered nurse is teaching a client with dysmenorrhea about her treatment plan. Which statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
"I should AVOID the use of oral contraceptives."
A nurse teaches intervention to a client for healthy spermatogenesis. During a follow-up visit, the nurse finds that the client has risk for diminished sperm production. Which statement of the client supports the nurse's conclusion?
"I should take a hot bath regularly."
The nurse is teaching a group of student nurses about treatment strategies that are beneficial to a client with hyperparathyroidism. Which statement of the student nurse does the nurse correct?
"The client is prescribed BISPHOSPHONATES to stimulate osteoclast activity."
A 14-year-old female client with constitutional growth delay tells a nurse, "I am not getting any taller! I am the same height I was last year!" How should the nurse respond?
"You will reach full height by adulthood."
A nurse is caring for a client who was newly diagnosed with the herpes simplex viral infection and who has been prescribed acyclovir (Zovirax). Which would be the accurate nursing intervention for the client?
Administering the medication three times daily for 7 to 10 days. (Focus on 7 to 10)
Which chromosomal genetic mutations are associated with the cause of pituitary adenoma?
11q13 (focus on 11 and 13)
The nurse reviews the laboratory reports of a diabetic client and concludes that the client has diabetic nephropathy. Which finding supports the nurse's conclusion?
Albumin in urine
While preparing a client for the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the nurse asks the client to ingest soda which contains 80 g of carbohydrates. After 2 hours, the nurse measures the postprandial blood glucose level and concludes that the client has diabetes. Which blood glucose finding supports the nurse's conclusion?
250 mg/dL
A woman who has tested positive on a serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (b-HCG) test had her last menstrual period on April 18, 2015. What would be the estimated date of childbirth, according to Naegele's rule?
3. January 25, 2016 (focus on 25th)
Which value of cortisol levels would the nurse expect to find in the laboratory report of a client with Cushing's disease?
3.8 mcg/dL
The nurse reviews the laboratory reports of a client and concludes that the client has diabetes. Which finding helped the nurse to reach this conclusion?
A glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of 7
The nurse observes sweating, dizziness, and disorientation in the client and consults the primary health-care provider while caring for a diabetic client. Which treatment option would be most beneficial to the client?
Administering 50 mL of 50% dextrose intravenously
Which medical condition needs careful use of hormone replacement?
All of the above(Breast cancer Cardiac disease Venous thrombus)
A client tells the nurse, "I've been feeling excessively thirsty for the last 2 days." On examination, the nurse finds the client has poor skin turgor, low blood pressure, and dry skin. A computed tomography scan of the client's head shows a pituitary tumor. Which treatment does the nurse expect to be prescribed by the primary health-care provider?
Arginine vasopressin
A nurse observes that the endometrial lining is absent is a client who underwent a dilation and curettage (D&C) abortion. Which syndrome will the nurse suspect in the client?
Asherman's syndrome
A client is diagnosed with condyloma acuminata. Which test should the nurse expect will be beneficial to detect the viral genome?
Biopsy
Which physiological changes occur in a female during the perimenopausal stage?
Both A & B(Decreased estrogen secretion Increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level.)
While assessing a 7-year-old female client, the primary health-care provider finds that the client has enlargement of the breasts, erection of the nipples, and development of pubic hair. Which hormonal levels can be found high in the client?
Both A & B(Estrogen Gonadotropin)
A digital rectal examination (DRE) in a client reveals the enlargement of the prostate gland that is firm, painless, and generalized. Which medications will the nurse anticipate from the primary health-care provider to treat the client?
Both A and B (Alpha-blockers 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors)
While assessing a male client for reproductive disorders, the primary health-care provider wants to understand whether the client has prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which diagnostic test will the nurse expect in this case?
Both A and B(Ultrasound Urine flow studies)
A nurse is assessing a client who has condyloma acuminata. Which medication should the nurse find in the client's prescription?
Both B and C(Topical podophyllin Trichloroacetic acid)
Which medication does the primary health-care provider prescribe for the treatment of prolactinoma in a client with hyperpituitarism?
Bromocriptine
Which gland secretes a lubricating fluid that coats the urethra during sexual arousal?
Bulbourethral gland
A nurse is reviewing the medical records of a client who is pregnant and finds that the client has a Clamydia infection. Which complication should the nurse expect in the newborn?
Conjunctivitis
Which diagnostic test helps in detecting the natural insulin secretion from the pancreas?
C-peptide test
Which laboratory test can assess a client's blood to rule out the possibility of ovarian cancer?
Carcinoembryonic antigen 125 (CA-125)
Which microorganism causes inclusion conjunctivitis?
Chlamydia trachomatis
The nurse is caring for four clients in a health-care setting diagnosed with different endocrine disorders. Which client requires treatment by placement of a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt?
Client 1 Pineal tumor
The nurse is reviewing the medical records of different clients. Which client does the nurse expect to have metabolic syndrome?
Client 2. Female, 37 inches, 130 mg/dL
The nurse is assessing the medical records of different clients with diabetes.Which client has a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease?
Client 3
Four clients are diagnosed with different endocrine disorders as given below. Which client would be prescribed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the abdomen to visualize the adrenal gland?
Client 3 Pheochromocytoma
The nurse observes the final diagnosis of four clients in their case reports as given below. In which client does the nurse notice the presence of Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign?
Client 4 HypoPARAthyroidism
Which congenital condition occurs due to thyroid hormone deficiency during embryonic development and early neonatal life?
Cretinism
Which condition exhibits "moon facies" as a characteristic symptom?
Cushing's syndrome
Which disorder is caused by an increase in the hormones that are secreted from the adrenal gland?
Cushing's syndrome
Which is the most common complication expected in clients with type 1 diabetes?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
A female client is diagnosed to be infertile due to the production of antibodies against the ovarian tissue. Which treatment will the nurse expect for the client?
Estrogen replacement therapy
A nursing student is caring for a neonate immediately following birth. The mother has genital warts. Which action by the student nurse would be most beneficial to the neonate?
Examine the PHARYNX of the neonate.
After assessing a client, a nurse finds that the client who has Chlamydia trachomatis infection has fibrotic adhesions around the liver and a tender abdomen. Which condition does the nurse find in the client?
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
Which hormone stimulates Sertoli cells to synthesize spermatozoa?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Which antidiabetic medication is a sulfonylurea?
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Which endocrine disorder involves treatment using antithyroid hormone medication such as propylthiouracil (PTU)?
Grave's disease
After reviewing the medical records of a 35-year-old female client, the nurse concludes that the client has metabolic syndrome. Which findings helped the nurse to reach this conclusion?
HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) cholesterol of 40 mg/dL, blood pressure of 138/90 mm Hg, and fasting blood glucose level of 130 mg/dL
While assessing a male client, a nurse observes swelling in the scrotum due to the collection of serous fluid. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client?
HYDROcele
A registered nurse is teaching a group of nursing student about sexually transmitted diseases and makes the following statement, "This disease spreads through close skin contact and cannot be prevented by using condoms." Which sexually transmitted disease is the nurse referring to in the teaching?
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Which infection would be detected by testing the swab samples of lesions on a Tzanck smear?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
After reviewing the laboratory reports of a client, a nurse finds that the client has chronic pelvic inflammatory disorder (PID). Which condition should the nurse anticipate in the client?
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes
The mother of an adolescent diabetic client tells the nurse, "My daughter is skipping insulin doses frequently because she is concerned about weight gain." Which condition does the nurse document for this client?
Insulin purging
Which hormone stimulates the Leydig cells of the testes to secrete testosterone?
Luteinizing hormone
A female client tells a nurse, "I have excessive bleeding that lasts for more than 7 days every time I menstruate." Which menstrual disorder does the nurse suspect in the client?
MENOrrhagia
While assessing a female client for anomalies of the genital tract, the primary health-care professional observes that the uterus is absent in the client and the vagina is foreshortened. However, the client's breast is normal in shape and contour. Which menstrual disorder would the nurse suspect in the client?
Mayer-Rokitansky-Hauser syndrome
During an assessment, a nurse observes the signs of diminished secondary sexual characteristics in an adult male client. What should be the appropriate nursing action?
Measure the morning serum testosterone levels.
The medical records of a client indicate that the client has Reiter's syndrome. Which microorganism is most likely to cause this infection?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
A client diagnosed with dysmenorrhea is prescribed ibuprofen and hormonal contraceptives. Which outcome in the client indicates the effectiveness of the therapy?
No PAINFUL experience during the first 2 days of her menstrual period
Which symptom is associated with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?
None of the above
A nurse is caring for a neonate who is born to a mother who has the herpes simplex viral infection. Which action by the nurse would be most beneficial to the neonate?
Obtain MAGNETIC resonance imaging studies in the neonate
Which diagnostic test would be beneficial to rule out ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors in the body?
Octreotide scinitgraphy
Which disorder is described as the complete loss of all of the pituitary hormones?
Panhypopituitarism
Which physical finding in a client will lead a nurse to suspect paraphimosis?
Permanent retracted position of the foreskin behind the penis
While performing the genital assessment of a male client, a nurse observes that the client has curvature of the penis. Which condition does the nurse suspect in the client?
Peyronie's disease
After examining an elderly client's penis, a nurse finds the presence of scar tissue in the corpora cavernosum. On further assessment, the nurse confirms Peyronie's disease in the client. Which finding supports the nurse's confirmation?
Presence of a curved penis
While assessing a male client, a nurse observes that the client has a small penis, long legs, short trunk, enlarged breast tissues, small testicles, and sexual dysfunction. What reason does the nurse suspect from these findings?
Presence of an extra X chromosome
Which diagnostic test is useful for detecting hyperactivity of the thyroid gland during an evaluation of a thyroid disorder?
Radioactive iodine scan
Where does the herpes simplex virus (HSV) remain during its dormant stage?
Sacral spinal nerves
The nurse finds that the symptoms of thyroid dysfunction in a client are due to abnormal pituitary activity. The client's laboratory report shows a low TSH level, which supports the nurse's finding. What type of endocrine disorder is likely present in the client?
Secondary HYPOthyroidism
Which complication is suspected in a client whose blood sugar is less than 30 mg/dL?
Seizure
Which cells secrete inhibin hormone?
Sertoli cells
A client tells a nurse, "My erections lasts for several hours and are painful. "Which medication found in the client's prescription is responsible?
Sildenafil
The nurse is assessing the blood glucose levels of a client at regular intervals. The nurse finds 55 mg/dL of blood glucose at 2 am and150 mg/dL at 7 am. Which mechanism does the nurse suspect behind the change in the glucose levels in the client?
Somogyi effect
Which infection is caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum?
Syphilis
While reviewing a client's medical record, a nurse finds the client to be described as gravida 2, para 2, or G2 P2. What will the nurse interpret from this description?
The client had TWO pregnancies and TWO DELIVERIES after 24 weeks.
A client with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is prescribed selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs) and nutritional supplements. Which symptom in the client indicates the effectiveness of the therapy?
The client has DECREASED irritability and mood swings.
A client who underwent laryngotomy presented with depression, increased sensitivity to cold, and constipation. On assessment, the nurse finds a puffy face and periorbital edema. The blood report shows a high TSH level. What does the nurse interpret from the findings?
The client has HYPOthyroidism
The nurse observes hyperpigmented, velvety macular lesions on the neck during the assessment of a diabetic client. What does the nurse infer from this observation?
The client has acanthosis nigricans
A nurse is reviewing the medical records of a client and finds that the client has multiple clusters of fleshy growths on the vagina. What should the nurse interpret from these findings?
The client has condyloma acuminata
The nurse is caring for a client with immune mediated type 1 diabetes. What would the nurse expect to be the cause for this condition in the client?
The client has destruction of beta cells
The laboratory report of a client shows arterial blood pH of 7.6, blood glucose level of 650 mg/dL, and serum bicarbonate level of 17 mEq/L. What does the nurse infer from these laboratory findings?
The client has hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome
A nurse is assessing a female client who has pelvic inflammatory disorder. Which condition in the client indicates that the client requires immediate hospitalization?
The client has nausea and fever
The nurse is caring for a client with seizures, severely elevated blood pressure, and impaired mentation. The primary health-care provider suspects the client's condition is an endocrine disorder. A 24-hour urinalysis report shows an excess amount of catecholamine metabolites. What might be the diagnosis of the client?
The client has pheochromocytoma
After reviewing the medical records of a client, a nurse finds that the client was earlier diagnosed with mild salpingitis and later had tubal dysfunction. The nurse also finds strains of Chlamydia in the client's blood specimen. What should the nurse interpret from this finding?
The client has silent pelvic inflammatory disease.
A night-shift nurse documents "primigravida" for a client. Which client is being referred to by the nurse?
The client who is CARRYING her first pregnancy.
Which endocrine gland is called the master gland?
The pituitary gland
A client is diagnosed with multiple endocrine neoplasia. Which sign or symptom observed in the client indicates the presence of pituitary tumors?
Visual disturbances