PATHO TEST 2 CHAPTER 26 MASTERY QUIZ

Which client is at greatest risk for orthostatic hypotension?

A 66-year-old postoperative client on bed rest

Which blood vessel layer is composed primarily of smooth muscle cells?

Tunica media

Which type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels?

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)

A nurse is evaluating hypertension risk factors with a client. Of the risk factors in the client's history noted, which risk factor(s) for hypertension is nonmodifiable? Select all that apply.

race family history

A client has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive arterial disease. Which client statement indicates she understands how to manage this disease?

"I should have my LDL monitored."

An older adult client newly diagnosed with systolic hypertension asks her health care provider why this happens. Which response is most accurate?

"With age, your arteries lose their elasticity and are replaced with collagen, which makes your arteries stiffer."

A client with a diagnosis of chronic renal failure secondary to diabetes has seen a gradual increase in her blood pressure over the past several months, culminating in a diagnosis of secondary hypertension. Which factor has most likely resulted in the client's increased blood pressure?

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

Select the response that best describes the pressure-sensitive receptors that respond to changes in the stretch of the vessel wall.

Baroreceptors

A pregnant female client is at risk for the development of preeclampsia-eclampsia. Select the most important data to assess.

Blood pressure 160/100 mm Hg and proteinuria during the 30th week of pregnancy

A client presents to the emergency department with a sudden onset of acute pain in his left lower leg. The practitioner is unable to palpate pedal pulses and finds the client to be in atrial fibrillation. Which test will the practitioner order to find the source of the emboli?

Echocardiogram

The nurse is reviewing laboratory results for a client who is experiencing angina. Which finding might be expected in a client with dyslipidemia?

Elevated total cholesterol

A client has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which lab result would the practitioner expect?

Elevation of triglycerides

What should the nurse teach the client with peripheral vascular disease and intermittent claudication about exercise?

Exercise can increase blood vessel growth and help to decrease symptoms.

The student attends a health fair and has his serum cholesterol checked. He has a high lipoprotein level (LDL). He understands which of the following about LDL cholesterol?

It is believed to play an active role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion.

The pediatrician is examining a young client and notes necrotizing damage to the coronary arteries in the child's echocardiogram. The pediatrician suspects the child has which of the following?

Kawasaki disease

The nurse is counseling a client regarding a high cholesterol level. The nurse teaches the client that which lipoprotein is the main carrier of cholesterol?

LDL

Which of the following are characteristic signs of acute arterial embolism?

Pallor, pulselessness, and pain

The client's ultrasound shows a thrombus in the venous sinus in the soleus muscle. The nurse explains that early treatment is important to prevent:

Pulmonary embolism

A female client tells the health care provider that she has recently been experiencing episodes of changes occurring in the color of her fingertips, especially when she experiences cold temperatures. She further states that the tips become pale, turn a bluish color, and then become reddened. The client is most likely experiencing:

Raynaud phenomenon

The nurse is preparing to auscultate a client's blood pressure. Which information obtained from the client would indicate that the nurse should wait 30 minutes prior to obtaining a reading?

The client just smoked a cigarette.

The postoperative client has a catheter in his brachial artery for continuous blood pressure monitoring. Which assessment would be a concern for the nurse?

The client states his hand is numb.

The nurse knows that the primary long-term regulation of blood pressure is exerted by which body system?

The kidneys

A client has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is asking what treatment will be needed. About which topics should the nurse educate the client? Select all that apply

Weight reduction if overweight Smoking cessation Dietary measures to reduce LDL levels

A client is prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for treatment of hypertension. What expected outcome does the nurse expect this medication will have?

Will prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

When a person rises from a lying to a standing position, heart rate increases. Which physiologic trigger results in this increase in heart rate?

decrease in the stretch of baroreceptors

The nurse is planning to assess a client's blood pressure, based on the client's reports of feeling dizzy when standing. Which action will the nurse prioritize as when performing the assessment?

having a second person available to assist

Because of its location, the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurysm may first be identified by which clinical manifestation?

A pulsating mass

Which lipoprotein is the main carrier of cholesterol

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

The nurse is teaching the client with chronic venous insufficiency. Which part of the body is particularly prone to development of stasis dermatitis?

Lower leg