PATHOLOGY BOARD REVIEW
vesicle
a blister-like structure that contains a serous fluid
thrombus
a blood clot that has formed within the heart or blood vessel during life
ecchymosis
a blood discoloration of the tissues as in a bruise
occupational disease
a coal miner gets coal dust deposited in his lungs, what would this be an example of?
hyperplasia
a controlled enlargement of a body organ or part due to an increase in the number of its component cells
hypotrophy
a degeneration of an organ or tissue caused by a loss of cells
chronic disease
a disease having a slow onset and long duration
embolus
a foreign particle that becomes lodged in a blood vessel
embolus
a free-flowing particle in the blood
circulatory shock
a general term used to designate the state of collapse that follows severe tissue injury
abscess
a localized collection of pus in any body part, resulting from an invasion of pus-forming bacteria
infarct
a mass of necrotic tissue that results from circulatory obstruction
sputum
a mixture of saliva and mucus coughed up from the respiratory tract during infection
atrophy
a wasting, decrease in size of organ or tissue
passive hyperemia
accumulation of blood in a part due to venous obstruction
ulcer
an area of necrosis in which dead cells are sloughed from a free surface
infarct
an area of necrotic tissue that results from a faulty blood supply to an area
hemoptysis
blood in the sputum
sapremia
blood poisoning caused by the toxins produced by bacterial putrefaction, as in gangrene
purpura
condition in which spontaneous bleeding occurs in the subcutaneous tissues, causing the appearance of purple patches on the skin
predisposing conditions
conditions that make a body more susceptible to disease without actually causing it
oligemia
A deficiency in the amount of blood in the body or any organ or tissue
ischemia
decreased blood flow to a body part
thrombosis
disease of the blood vessels, sluggish circulation, increased viscosity of the blood may cause what condition?
active hyperemia
increased arterial circulation leading to congestion of blood
pathological atrophy
shrinkage of muscle following paraylysis is an example of what?
hypertrophy
the enlargement of an organ or tissue due to the increase in size of cells composing it
hemorrhage
the escape of blood from the vascular system
suppuration
the formation of pus
diagnosis
the identification of a disease
furuncle
the pathological term for a boil
prognosis
the prediction of the probable outcome of a disease
infiltration
the process of seepage or diffusion into tissue of substances that are not ordinarily present
regeneration
the replacement of destroyed tissue with the exact same kind of tissue
pathology
the study of the changes of structure and function of the tissues of the body as a result of disease
exciting cause
those which immediately produce disease, or those which excite the action of predisposing causes
hematemesis
throwing up blood
gangrene
venous thrombosis and an embolism may cause what condition?
compensatory hypertrophy
when cells get larger
plethora
more than the normal total volume of blood in the body
physiological atrophy
shrinkage of uterus after menopause is an example of what?
ecchymosis
small, none-elevated hemorrhagic patch; extravasation of blood into a tissue; commonly called a bruise
medico-legal pathology
that branch of pathology concerned with accidents and homicides
general pathology
that branch of pathology dealing with the body as a whole, without regard to any particular organ or system
melena
the action of gastro-intestinal secretions upon blood in the digestive tract causes the formation of very dark, tarry feces or vomitus
acute diseaes
a disease having a sudden onset and short duration
adhesions
a term that represents a common complication of healing
phlegmon
acute diffuse inflammation of subcutaneous connective tissue
fistula
an abnormal channel connecting two surfaces
varix
another name for varicose vein
hydremia
disorder in which there is excess fluid volume compared with the cell volume of the blood; excess water in blood
physiological hypertrophy
enlargement of breasts during lactation is an example of what?
pathological hypertrophy
enlargement of the heart to offset a valvular defect an example of what?
aplasia
failure of a tissue or organ to develop due to absence of cells
thrombosis
formation of a blood clot attached to the wall of the heart or blood vessel
anarsa
generalized edema of the subcutaneous tissue
embolus
may consist of fragments, bacteria, or tumor cells
endogenous pigmentation
melanin is what kind of pigmentaion?
epistaxis
technical term for "nose bleed"
clinical pathology
that branch of pathology dealing with the various laboratory tests on body fluids and tissues that are used in making a diagnosis
special pathology
the division of pathology that deals with individual body organs or systems
ischemia
what condition may arterial thrombosis cause
predisposing factor
what kind of factor is race?
inflammation
what type of pathological conditions is a protective function?
surgical pathology
the division of pathology that deals with tissues that have been removed from a patient during surgery
hypoplasia
underdevelopment of a tissue, organ, or body structure
actual cause
what type of cause is an exciting cause
