Quiz 8

How did Europeans get slaves?

1)Chiefton of Africa would trade slaves for manufactured gods such us pots. pans, guns 2)Chiefton of Africa would give Europeans war prisoners for a price

3 Roots of New Imperialism

1)Experience of the Slave Trade(gone, but not forgotten) 2)Social Darwinism/ Racist Paternalism 3)Industrial Revolution's need for raw materials

What 3 things did the atlantic slave trade triangle do?

1)The slave trade disrupted whole societies in Africa. 2)The slave trade created entirely new societies in the Americas 3)The slave trade influenced thought of natural human rights & the concept of race in Europe.

4 things that make an effective occupation

1)have treaties with natives 2)fly your nation's flag there 3)establish a working colonial government 4)have a police force to keep order

Scramble for Africa

1880- 90% of Africa was ran by Africrans 1900- 90% of African ran by Europeans Ethiopia & Liberia only stay ran by Africans Lasted less than a century

The Worlds

1st: western democracy such as Europe and North America 2nd: communist nations 3rd: very poor, unstable, post colonial countries

What in 20 years

750 million people went from British subjects to citizens of new countries. 17 countries emerged in 1 year in 1960.

Otto von Bismark (1815-98)

A German Chancellor who convened the Congo Conference in Berlin in 1884

Suez Canal (dug 1869)

British dug it so shipping from Africa & India could be faster and easier. Social Darwinism that some races needed to be taken care off.

Asiento

Created by Spain. means: government regulated body that issued permits to sell and trade slaves in Spanish Colonies.

Congo Conference, 1884

European nation leaders met to decide what to do with Africa. Idea of effective occupation.

1441

First African slaves brought to Europe by a Portuguese captain.

1619

First African slaves brought to an English colony- a Dutch slave trader brought African slaves to Jamestown, Virginia.

What happened if the 4 requirements were met or not?

If met: the nation would be respected by other European nations If NOT met: another European nation could come in and take over

William Wilberforce (1759-1833)

Influenced by John Newton, former slave ship captain who became an activist agaisnt slavery (Newton wrote Amazing Grace). Led the campaign in Parliament which abolished slavery in Britain and British colonies in 1807.

1513

King Ferdinand of Spain approves import of African Slaves to Spanish Colonies in the new world

Apartheid

System of racial inequality established in South Africa in the wake of colonialism which preserved the rule of a white minority. It collapsed in the 1980s &1990s thanks to civil right leaders like Nelson Mandela (1918-2013)

When did slavery become illegal

US in 1865 Cuba in 1886 Brazil in 1888

Plantations

Where. in North, Central, and South Americas including the Caribbean, the slaves were used to grow tabacco, cotton, coffee and sugar. In the 17th century sugar was by far the most imported crop.

Social Darwinism

idea that certain races and nations are naturally more evolved than others. natural selection concept -the strong should be encouraged and the weak discouraged (unethical to encourage the weak). It has its climax in the Holocaust. Philosophy that Europeans had an obligation to go & take care of people who are not as evolved as them.

Atlantic Slave Trade Triangle

largest most gruesome migration in history. 1450-1850 European ships delivered between 10-11 million Africans to the Americas. Africa, America, and Europe make up the triangle. The demand fro cheap labor was the root for the slave trade.

Stats of slave trade

of the 11 million slaves brought between 1450-1850 around 40% went to brazil, 40% to Caribbean, bout 20% to mexico and british north america. In some of these colonies especially the Caribbean the pop. of slaves dwarfed the white European pop. 7 year life span for slaves in BRA.

Middle Passage

the leg of the triangle that transports the slaves from Africa to the new world. Ship captains crammed as many africans as they could in the ship. Slaves were chained and the route took 4-10 weeks. Captains new a significant number of slaves would die.