Patient Care Ch.2 Review
Explain the purpose of AIDET as it relates to patient care.
AIDET's important to patient care because it starts an open dialogue with patient's as to what the care is going to look like and that they're acknowledged as patients.
List and define the steps of AIDET.
Acknowledgment (Saying hi to the patient) Introduction (Say your first name and credentials) Duration ( Say the duration of the procedure or how long until xyz person can help them) Explanation (Explanation of the procedure and what it's going to look like) Thank them (thank the patient for letting us take care of them)
Define clinically relevant terms:
Acute Short term b. Chronic Long term c. Onset First appearance of signs/symptoms of an illness. Duration How long e. Frequency How often f. Severity How intense is it? g. Aggravating Painful, intense, no relief to the ailment. h. Alleviating Relief from the ailment. i. Manifestation Showing up j. Palliative Care that is focused on pain management, quality of life, and the patient's needs. there is no effort at this time for treatment of the illness. k. Productive raising sputum or mucus from the bronchi (it's a productive cough) (wet cough) l. Non-productive A dry cough that isn't getting any phlegm out (it's a non-productive cough)
Define the difference between an aphasic, hearing impaired and deaf patients.
Aphasia is the inability to speak/remember certain words, this typically happens after a stroke, the patient can still hear, they're just trying to find the right words so to say. Hearing Impairment is anything from just being slightly hard of hearing, it's a broad spectrum term, but the best thing to do is to enunciate, speak slowly, and speak in a lower register. Deaf patients are at a total hearing loss in one or both ears. Often use a combination of lip reading, ASL, and writing to communicate. Using ASL is ideal, but often writing with pen and paper is the fastest form of communication between hearing and non-hearing.
Explain the proper procedure to identify a patient.
Ask them to say their first and last name, and their birthdate, and then match all of it to their patient wristband.
Explain why interpreter services are important for patients who are non-Englishspeaking.
Because it allows clear communication between the patient and the tech. But it also helps to ensure that things are being translated correctly and that information isn't being withheld (like sometimes happens when family members translate).
Explain how to project a professional image in the radiology department.
Being confident, knowledgeable about what's going on, kindness, and empathy.
Identify the proper method to dress patients for chest and abdomen exams.
Check to see if they'd have anything that would show up as artifacts (tie back hair, remove necklaces, bras that have fastenings, move pump lines to the side of the anatomy) and then depending on the exam, they can wear their t-shirts, but if not you show them where their hospital gown is, the changing room and a safe spot to keep their belongings. And then offer help with tying the back of the gown as needed bc that can be tricky.
Define Clinical History and describe it's importance in the radiology department:
Clinical history is the collecting of information regarding the patient. Talking about what has happened and what their chief concern is as we're the bridge between pt and radiologist.
Explain the role of cultural competence in providing excellence in healthcare anddetermining the best patient outcome.
Cultural competence is important for providing healthcare and determining the best patient outcome because it allows to help communicate effectively with the patient and help to make them comfortable in an often stressful situation.
Explain the role of Emotional Intelligence for healthcare providers.
Emotional intelligence is a huge role for healthcare providers because it's using empathy, communication, situational awareness, sympathy, and more to help take care of the patient, provide connection, and provide the care needed for recovery.
Define globalization, culture and ethnicity.
Globalization is the interconnection and interdependence that we share globally. Trade, communication, and people have made this possible. Culture is the shared characteristics of beliefs, values, ways of life, religion (arts and literature, religious ideals, social behaviors, language, traditions etc.,) (Muslims share the same culture because of the shared religious ideals, but there's many different ways to be Muslim based on country, origin, and person) Ethnicity is groups of peoples that share the same identity/attributes in backgrounds, experiences, and the social/cultural characteristics. (Like Native Americans versus Americans is two ethnicities).
Explain the purpose of positioning aides such as sponges, sandbags, and stabilitybars.
Helps to move the anatomy into the positions needed, as well as provide extra stability for patients who might not otherwise be able to pose for the x-rays.
Define hospice care and when a patient would enter into this type of care.
Hospice care is end of life care when the patient is expected to have 6 months or less left to live. The patient legally decides to stop pursuing life saving procedures or medications and instead just want pain management care.
Contrast the 4 Body Habitus types.
Hypersthenic is broad shoulders and wider lungs, asthenic and hyposthenic is going to have slender and more elongated looking internal organs. Sthenic is going to be a more average build with normal positioned organs.
. Identify possible issues that can arise with a diabetic patient.
If they have insulin pumps you'll have to shield around the insulin pumps, but if they're on certain diabetes medication like Metformin because of the way it affects renal function it can have adverse reactions with the x-ray.
Explain legal issues involved with touching patients.
If you're forcing range of motion or touching them in a way that they didn't consent to, it's battery and assault. Technicality: if you're positioning them for an exam that they're not supposed to be doing that day it's a battery and assault case.
Demonstrate the appropriate method of recording information on a requisition:
In a clear and concise manner. But mostly just writing it down on the physical piece of paper
Discuss how empathy is an important component of professionalism.
It's a critical component to our professionalism because it helps the patient to feel seen, acknowledged, and heard. Maslow's hierarchy anybody????
Rationalize the reason for obtaining clinical history.
It's important to know why we're doing what we're doing as well as a way to try to find the root of the cause of whatever's affecting them. Wanna make sure they're healthy and well.
Identify the factors that affect quality communication.
Lack of communication, indirect conversation, not full paying attention, Etc.,
Given different patient complaints, write the clinical history for the scenario:
Let's say a patient is complaining about how they hurt their hand, especially along the pinky finger, you could ask them how the pain started, how long they've been in pain, if they fight regularly etc., like that example we saw with the boxer's fracture. Think back to that exercise in class that we did.
Explain the role of palliative treatments for patients who in hospice care.
Palliative treatments just help to ease pain and help patient advocate for what they need.
. Explain the purpose of patient education and what components should be included
Patient education is important so they're aware of what the procedure is going to look like, as well as taking care of themselves afterwards for a safe recovery. Having a care plan post procedure is important, as well as the knowledge that if anything starts to look "wrong" that the patient needs to come in for further treatment.
Describe the guidelines and identify the 7 components of a good clinical history;
Pregnancy, diabetic, chief complaint, any recent procedures, pain (like what the pain feels like/where it's at), Name, date of birth, verify the procedure, and check the name band. Note: Anything not made note of and written on the requisition didn't happen smh
Define professional touch and the purposes for different types of professional touch.
Professional touch is for the strict purposes of palpating and positioning a patient.
Define professionalism and apply appropriate and inappropriate behaviors.
Professionalism is using principles such as AIDET or IPACS while discussing with the patient. Being kind and empathetic goes a long way, as well as just being culturally competent to not overstep any boundaries
Explain the steps of Maslow's Hierarchy.
Psychological needs (shelter, food, etc.,) Safety needs (personal safety, property, resources, health, employment) Love and Belonging ( friendship, intimacy, family, sense of connection) Esteem ( Status, recognition, strength, freedom, respect) Self Actualization ( The desire to become the most that one can be)
Explain the purpose of radiographic markers and how they are used.
Radiographic markers are placed to mark the anatomy appropriately so you know what side you're looking at. Most common are left and right markers placed on the board. But there's other markers in post processing that have like "portable or date and time"
Identify and define common medical terminology used in the healthcare field.
Skill issue tbh honestly just breaking down words into the etymology is gonna carry further than most realize
Describe how to ascertain a possible pregnancy in a patient and the steps to follow ifthe patient may be pregnant.
Start with asking if the patient is at any chance of being pregnant. If there's a possibility follow up with when the last menstrual cycle was at. Let the patient know about the risks associated with radiographing them while pregnant. Or if there's just the chance, simply talk to the ordering physician, see if they still want to do that view, and if so let the patient know about the risks, discuss them in full, and then shield as appropriate.
Contrast between subjective and objective clinical history:
Subjective clinical history is what the patient is communicating with the healthcare team. Objective clinical history is the data that the care team is gathering while actively caring for the patient.
Explain the purpose of lead shields and how they protect the patient.
The x-rays can't penetrate lead which is why the walls and windows are made of lead. So they're used to protect the patients gonadal region when appropriate to help with the scatter radiation but also to help protect one of the most sensitive areas.
Identify different types or radiographic shields.
There are thyroid shields which just wrap right around the neck, there's full shields with an open back or full on wrap around shields for the techs to protect themselves with, and there's also half apron shields to help protect the patient. There's also lead gloves and glasses but those aren't used as often.
Describe the process to assist a patient with a bedpan.
There's a slide with all of this in the notes: With a bedpan you're going to help the patient by providing privacy for them by pulling the curtains and if possible, with a bath blanket. You're going to glove up and help them with their clothes if they can't get it on their own, and then you gently rotate the patient to their side and then rotate them back over the bedpan, you let them do their business and then if they need help with cleaning up, you help them clean up. You rotate them again to their side, gently remove the bedpan, and then roll them back onto their back.
Explain the role of the radiographer when a patient requests food or water in theradiology department.
Typically, you're going to want to call their nurse and ask, because you don't want to accidentally give a NPO patient anything to eat or drink, or like a hyperglycemic patient some orange juice. But if they're good to go, you can help them in finding food or water, or finding it for them and providing it for them. If they're really struggling you can always wet a washcloth for them to suck on just to help with a dry mouth.
Determine communication techniques with various types of patients.
Verbal communication (shared language or via translators) Nonverbal communication (signs, gestures, observation, etc.,) Body language (smiling, grimacing, thumbs up or down, tense, relaxed, nervous, etc.,) Depending on the patient, you will use a combination of all three to help communicate with the patient.
Demonstrate what to do when a patient refuses a procedure or asks for the results.
When the patient refuses a procedure they are allowed to do that but you then have to reach out to their nurse and the radiologists. Patient's are allowed to deny care it just needs to be charted that they refused care. If asking for the results that they need to look at their my chart space in like 45 minutes to see results.
Explain the importance of never leaving a patient unattended.
You don't want that high risk fall patient trying to walk by themselves. Or going to check something and all of a student they're trying to do the best.
