Pearson Study (BLOOD)

If agglutinogen B meets with agglutinin anti-A, what is the result?

No agglutination occurs.

Because the concentration of dissolved gases is different between the plasma and the tissue fluid __________.

O2 will tend to diffuse from the plasma to the interstitial fluid, and CO2 will tend to diffuse in the opposite direction

Which of the following is NOT one of the formed elements? erythrocytes platelets plasma leukocytes

Plasma

Rh surface antigen, no antibodies

Rh Positive

How is it that liver disorders can alter the composition and functional properties of the blood?

The liver is the primary source of plasma proteins.

What occurs in hemolytic disease of the newborn?

The mother's agglutinins cross the placental barrier and destroy fetal red blood cells

The rate of megakaryocyte activity and platelet formation is regulated by __________.

Thrombopoietin interleukin-6 multi-CSF

surface antigen A and anti-B antibodies

Type A

surface antigens A and B, no antibodies

Type AB

surface antigen B and anti-A antibodies

Type B

no surface antigens, anti-A and anti-B antibodies

Type O

In which phase of hemostasis does local contraction of the injured blood vessel occur?

Vascular phase

The major effect of vitamin K deficiency in the body is that it leads to __________.

a breakdown of the common pathway, inactivating the clotting system

Clot destruction involves a process that begins with __________.

activation of the proenzyme plasminogen, which initiates the production of plasmin

Which type of plasma protein serves as a carrier for the hormones T3 and T4?

albumins

The binding of a heme unit's iron ion to an oxygen ion __________. forms oxyhemoglobin will be broken when oxygen reaches systemic tissues, so that oxygen can enter body cells is a reversible binding All of the listed responses are correct.

all

When plasma O2 concentrations are falling, the rising plasma CO2 binds to the __________ of the hemoglobin molecule.

alpha and beta chains

The number of eosinophils increases dramatically during __________.

an allergic reaction or a parasitic infection

If you have type A blood, your plasma holds circulating __________ that will attack __________ erythrocytes.

anti-B agglutinins; type B

To check the efficiency of gas exchange at the lungs, blood may be required via __________.

arterial puncture

When stimulated, release histamine and heparin

basophil

During RBC recycling, each heme unit is stripped of its iron and converted to __________.

biliverdin

The process in which packed RBCs that were previously removed are reintroduced before an athletic event is called __________.

blood doping

What are the major components of the cardiovascular system?

blood, heart, and blood vessels

Agglutinogens are contained on the __________, whereas the agglutinins are found in the __________.

cell membrane of the RBC; plasma

In which phase of hemostasis is fibrin deposited, creating a solid blood clot?

coagulation phase

Signs of iron deficiency anemia include __________.

decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin content, and O2-carrying capacity

Which of the following is NOT a component of plasma? antibodies elastic fibers organic wastes dissolved proteins

elastic fibers

In addition to water and proteins, what else is part of plasma?

electrolytes, nutrients, and organic wastes

Attack objects coated with antibodies.

eosinophil

Which of the following types of white blood cells are involved in fighting parasitic infections, such as flukes and roundworms?

eosinophils

Which types of white blood cells are involved in fighting parasitic infections, such as flukes and roundworms?

eosinophils

Reticulocytes are nucleated immature cells that develop into mature __________.

erythrocytes

Which blood cells are the most abundant?

erythrocytes

What is the specific term for the production of red blood cells?

erythropoiesis

It is an illegal practice for Olympic competitors to receive doses of which hormone, which stimulates the production of red blood cells?

erythropoietin

What is a notable feature of leukemia?

excessive numbers of white blood cells

The iron extracted from heme molecules during hemoglobin recycling is stored in the protein-iron complexes __________.

ferritin and hemosiderin

Which of the plasma proteins functions in blood clotting?

fibrinogen

Megakaryocytes are specialized cells of the bone marrow responsible for __________.

formation of platelets

A hemoglobin molecule consists of __________ chains of polypeptides, and __________ heme units, which each contain the element __________.

four four iron

The lifespan of a typical RBC is about __________.

four months

There are __________ major blood types and __________ different surface antigens.

four; three

Which category of plasma proteins includes the antibodies?

globulins

Which part of hemoglobin binds oxygen?

heme

What is the precursor of all blood cells in the human body?

hemocytoblast

Jessica has just moved to Denver, Colorado, from Orlando, Florida. What condition is she experiencing now that is stimulating the production of erythropoietin and, consequently, more red blood cells?

hypoxia caused by an increase in her elevation above sea level

What is the plasma protein that plays an important role in protection against foreign proteins and pathogens?

immunoglobin

Hemoglobin molecules released into the bloodstream by the breakdown of RBCs by hemolysis will be excreted in the __________.

kidney

During an infection, the white blood cell count may rise, a condition known as __________.

leukocytosis

Where are most plasma proteins produced?

liver

Erythropoietin appears in the plasma when peripheral tissues, especially the kidneys, are exposed to __________.

low oxygen concentrations

Responsible for cell-mediated or humoral immunity.

lymphocyte

Which type of white blood cell includes the B and T cells that are responsible for humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

lymphocyte

Myeloid stem cells will differentiate into progenitor cells, which give rise to all white blood cells EXCEPT __________.

lymphocytes

Monocytes leave the circulation to become __________.

macrophages

Which of the following is an agranular leukocyte that becomes a tissue macrophage after approximately 24 hours in circulation?

monocyte

Which type of white blood cell circulates in the blood for about 24 hours before entering the tissues and differentiating into a macrophage?

monocyte

large phagocytic cells (macrophage precursors)

monocyte

Hemolytic disease of the newborn occurs when an Rh-__________ woman bears the second child of an Rh-__________ man.

negative; positive

Attack and digest bacteria marked with complement.

neutrophil

Which of the white blood cells is also known as a polymorph?

neutrophil

Which type of granular leukocyte can engulf up to two dozen bacteria and also produces a respiratory burst that creates harsh chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide?

neutrophil

In which pregnancy is an Rh-positive mom and an Rh-positive child at risk of developing erythroblastosis fetalis?

no pregnancy

A vitamin B12 deficiency results in the type of anemia known as __________.

pernicious anemia

What are the major components of whole blood?

plasma and formed elements

What is the term for the characteristic of white blood cells whereby they are attracted to a specific chemical stimulus?

positive chemotaxis

The formed elements of the blood consist of __________.

red and white blood cells and platelets

Where are red blood cells produced in an adult?

red bone marrow

A change in the amino acid sequence of DNA coding for one of the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule results in a condition known as __________.

sickle cell anemia

Which part of the hemoglobin molecule directly interacts with oxygen?

the iron ion

An abnormally low platelet count is called __________.

thrombocytopenia

Bleeding along the digestive tract and within the skin is symptomatic of __________.

thrombocytopenia

The primary function of a mature red blood cell is which of the following? defense against toxins and pathogens transport of respiratory gases delivery of enzymes to target tissues All of the listed responses are correct.

transport of respiratory gases

Coloration of urinary and digestive wastes is the result of the presence of which products from the breakdown of red blood cells?

urobilins and stercobilins

The process of hemostasis includes five phases. What is the correct order of the phases as they occur after injury?

vascular, platelet, coagulation, clot retraction, clot destruction (fibrinolysis)

The bond between oxygen and hemoglobin is __________ than that of fetal hemoglobin and oxygen.

weaker than

What are the "patrol agents" in the blood that defend the body against toxins and pathogens?

white blood cells and antibodies

Reticulocytes account for about __________ percent of the erythrocyte population in the blood.

1

Normal hemoglobin concentrations are in the range of __________ g/dL.

12-18

Lymphocytes account for __________ percent of circulating white blood cells.

20-30

A normal hematocrit is in the range of __________.

37-54

Blood temperature is roughly __________°C, and the blood pH averages __________.

38°C; 7.4

On average, 1 microliter of blood contains __________ erythrocytes.

5.2 million

Under "normal" conditions, neutrophils comprise __________ of the circulatory white blood cells.

50-70 percent

A typical microliter of blood contains __________ leukocytes.

5000-10,000

An individual with type AB blood has __________ antigens and __________ antibodies.

A and B; no

If Misty is type A and needs to receive transfusions of blood during a surgery, which blood type(s) could she receive?

A and O

If a person has type A and Rh surface antigens on the blood cells and anti-B antibodies in the plasma, what is that person's blood type?

A-positive

Which of the following is NOT a function of the blood? defense against pathogens regulation of pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids transportation of gases, nutrients, hormones, and wastes All of the listed responses are functions of the blood.

ALL

Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning T cells and B cells? B cells differentiate into T cells and produce antibodies against foreign antigens. T cells complete their maturation process in the thymus. B and T cells are involved in the specific immune response. B cells and T cells are both types of lymphocytes.

B cells differentiate into T cells and produce antibodies against foreign antigens.

What type of blood would cause a cross-reaction when given to a person with type A-positive blood?

B-positive

In the first pregnancy of an Rh-negative mother with an Rh-positive child, why are there usually NO symptoms of erythroblastosis fetalis?

Blood between mother and child does not mix until birth.

Which of the following is NOT a surface antigen that is used in determining blood type? C B Rh A

C

Which of the following affect almost every aspect of the clotting process? calcium ions and vitamin C potassium ions and vitamin B12 calcium ions and vitamin K sodium ions and vitamin D

Calcium ions and vitamin K

Which of the following statements about blood is FALSE? It defends against toxins and pathogens. It helps stabilize body temperature. It is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6.5. It is used in transportation of respiratory gases.

It is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6.5.

Protein synthesis in a mature RBC occurs primarily in __________.

Mature red blood cells cannot synthesize proteins.

Platelets are formed from large cells called __________.

Megakaryocytes

Circulating mature RBCs lack __________.

Mitochondria ribosomes nuclei