Pedi Questions
At what age should the nurse expect the anterior fontanel to close? -2 months -2 to 4 months -6 to 8 months -12 to 18 months
-12 to 18 months
An infant who weighs 7 pounds at birth would be expected to weigh how many pounds at age 1 year? -14 -16 -18 -21
-21
Which should the nurse include when teaching the mother of a 9-month-old infant about administering liquid iron preparations? -They should be given with meals. -They should be stopped immediately if nausea and vomiting occur. -Adequate dosage will turn the stools a tarry green color. -Allow preparation to mix with saliva and bathe the teeth before swallowing.
-Adequate dosage will turn the stools a tarry green color.
The nurse is caring for a child admitted with acute abdominal pain and possible appendicitis. Which is appropriate to relieve the abdominal discomfort? -Place in Trendelenburg position. -Allow to assume position of comfort. -Apply moist heat to the abdomen. -Administer a saline enema to cleanse bowel.
-Allow to assume position of comfort.
An infant's parents ask the nurse about preventing OM. Which should be recommended? -Avoid tobacco smoke. -Use nasal decongestant. -Avoid children with OM. -Bottle-feed or breastfeed in supine position.
-Avoid tobacco smoke.
β-Adrenergic agonists and methylxanthines are often prescribed for a child with an asthma attack. Which describes their action? -Liquefy secretions. -Dilate the bronchioles. -Reduce inflammation of the lungs. -Reduce infection.
-Dilate the bronchioles.
A nurse is charting that a hospitalized child has labored breathing. Which describes labored breathing? -Dyspnea -Tachypnea -Hypopnea -Orthopnea
-Dyspnea
Which type of croup is always considered a medical emergency? -Laryngitis -Epiglottitis -Spasmodic croup -Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
-Epiglottitis
Which condition in a child should alert a nurse for increased fluid requirements? -Fever -Mechanical ventilation -Congestive heart failure -Increased intracranial pressure (ICP)
-Fever
A child has a nasogastric (NG) tube after surgery for acute appendicitis. What is the purpose of the NG tube? -Maintain electrolyte balance -Maintain an accurate record of output -Prevent the spread of infection -Prevent abdominal distention
-Prevent abdominal distention
A child is being admitted to the hospital to be tested for cystic fibrosis (CF). Which tests should the nurse expect? -Sweat chloride test, stool for fat, chest radiograph films -Stool test for fat, gastric contents for hydrochloride, chest radiograph films -Sweat chloride test, bronchoscopy, duodenal fluid analysis -Sweat chloride test, stool for trypsin, biopsy of intestinal mucosa
-Sweat chloride test, stool for fat, chest radiograph films
Which statement best describes Hirschsprung disease? -The colon has an aganglionic segment. -There is a passage of excessive amounts of meconium in the neonate. -It results in excessive peristaltic movements within the gastrointestinal tract. -It results in frequent evacuation of solids, liquids, and gas.
-The colon has an aganglionic segment.
The nurse encourages the mother of a toddler with acute laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) to stay at the bedside as much as possible. The nurse's rationale for this action is described primarily in which statement? -Mothers of hospitalized toddlers often experience guilt. -The mother's presence will reduce anxiety and ease child's respiratory efforts. -Separation from mother is a major developmental threat at this age. -The mother can provide constant observations of the child's respiratory efforts.
-The mother's presence will reduce anxiety and ease child's respiratory efforts.
Which is the major cause of death for children older than 1 year? -Cancer -Heart disease -Unintentional injuries -Congenital anomalies
-Unintentional injuries
An infant gains head control before sitting unassisted. The nurse recognizes that this is which type of development? -cephalocaudal -proximodistal -mass to specific -sequential
-cephalocaudal
When caring for a newborn with Down syndrome, the nurse should be aware that the most common congenital anomaly associated with Down syndrome is: -hypospadias. -pyloric stenosis. -congenital heart disease. -congenital hip dysplasia.
-congenital heart disease.
Pancreatic enzymes are administered to the child with cystic fibrosis (CF). Nursing considerations should include to: -not administer pancreatic enzymes if child is receiving antibiotics. -decrease dose of pancreatic enzymes if child is having frequent, bulky stools. -administer pancreatic enzymes between meals if at all possible. -pancreatic enzymes can be swallowed whole or sprinkled on a small amount of food taken at the beginning of a meal.
-pancreatic enzymes can be swallowed whole or sprinkled on a small amount of food taken at the beginning of a meal.
What is the best age for solid food to be introduced into the infant's diet? 6 months 3 months when birth weight has tripled after their 1st birthday
6 months
Which of the following is the most common clinical manifestation of retinoblastoma? -Glaucoma -Amblyopia -Cat's eye reflex -Sunken eye socket
Cat's eye reflex
A school-age child with leukemia experienced severe nausea and vomiting when receiving chemotherapy for the first time. Which is the most appropriate nursing action to prevent or minimize these reactions with subsequent treatments? -Encourage drinking large amounts of favorite fluids. -Encourage child to take nothing by mouth (remain NPO) until nausea and vomiting subside. -Administer an antiemetic before chemotherapy begins. -Administer an antiemetic as soon as child has nausea
-Administer an antiemetic before chemotherapy begins.
A nurse in the emergency department is assessing a 5-year-old child with symptoms of pneumonia and a fever of 102° F. Which intervention can the nurse implement to promote a sense of control for the child? -None, this is an emergency and the child should not participate in care. -Allow the child to hold the digital thermometer while taking the child's blood pressure. -Ask the child if it is OK to take a temperature in the ear. -Have parents wait in the waiting room.
-Allow the child to hold the digital thermometer while taking the child's blood pressure.
The nurse is conducting a staff in-service on childhood blood disorders. Which describes the pathology of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura? -Bone marrow failure in which all elements are suppressed -Deficiency in the production rate of globin chains -Diffuse fibrin deposition in the microvasculature -An excessive destruction of platelets
-An excessive destruction of platelets
The school nurse is caring for a child with a penetrating eye injury. Emergency treatment includes which intervention? -Apply a regular eye patch. -Apply a Fox shield to affected eye and any type of patch to the other eye. -Apply ice until the physician is seen. -Irrigate eye copiously with a sterile saline solution.
-Apply a Fox shield to affected eye and any type of patch to the other eye.
The child with Down syndrome should be evaluated for which condition before participating in some sports? -Hyperflexibility -Cutis marmorata -Atlantoaxial instability -Speckling of iris (Brushfield spots)
-Atlantoaxial instability
Which defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow? -Pulmonic stenosis -Tricuspid atresia -Atrial septal defect -Transposition of the great arteries
-Atrial septal defect
Mark, a 9-year-old with Down syndrome, is mainstreamed into a regular third-grade class for part of the school day. His mother asks the school nurse about programs, such as Cub Scouts, that he might join. The nurse's recommendation should be based on which statement? -Programs like Cub Scouts are inappropriate for children who are mentally retarded. -Children with Down syndrome have the same need for socialization as other children. -Children with Down syndrome socialize better with children who have similar disabilities. -Parents of children with Down syndrome encourage programs, such as scouting, because they deny that their children have disabilities.
-Children with Down syndrome have the same need for socialization as other children.
A school nurse is performing hearing screening on school children. The nurse recognizes that the most common type of hearing loss resulting from interference of transmission of sound to the middle ear is characteristic of which type of hearing loss? -Conductive -Sensorineural -Mixed conductive-sensorineural -Central auditory imperceptive
-Conductive
A newborn assessment shows separated sagittal suture, oblique palpebral fissures, depressed nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and transverse palmar creases. These findings are most suggestive of: -microcephaly. -Down syndrome. -cerebral palsy. -fragile X syndrome.
-Down syndrome.
A child is brought to the emergency department experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to a bee sting. While an airway is being established, the nurse should prepare which medication for immediate administration? -Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) -Dobutamine (Dobutarex) -Epinephrine (Adrenalin) -Calcium chloride (calcium chloride)
-Epinephrine (Adrenalin)
Parents of a child with sickle cell anemia ask the nurse, "What happens to the hemoglobin in sickle cell anemia?" Which statement by the nurse explains the disease process?" -Normal adult hemoglobin is replaced by abnormal hemoglobin. -There is a lack of cellular hemoglobin being produced. -There is a deficiency in the production of globulin chains. -The size and depth of the hemoglobin are affected.
-Normal adult hemoglobin is replaced by abnormal hemoglobin.
The nurse is caring for an infant with congestive heart disease (CHD). The nurse should plan which intervention to decrease cardiac demands? -Organize nursing activities to allow for uninterrupted sleep. -Allow the infant to sleep through feedings during the night. -Wait for the infant to cry to show definite signs of hunger. -Discourage parents from rocking the infant
-Organize nursing activities to allow for uninterrupted sleep.
Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect when a child with sickle cell anemia experiences an acute vasoocclusive crisis? -Circulatory collapse -Cardiomegaly, systolic murmurs -Hepatomegaly, intrahepatic cholestasis -Painful swelling of hands and feet; painful joints
-Painful swelling of hands and feet; painful joints
An infant is brought to the emergency department with dehydration. Which physical assessment finding does the nurse expect? -Weight gain -Bradycardia -Poor skin turgor -Brisk capillary refill
-Poor skin turgor
The nurse is preparing an in-service education to staff about atraumatic care for pediatric patients. Which intervention should the nurse include? -Prepare the child for separation from parents during hospitalization by reviewing a video. -Prepare the child before any unfamiliar treatment or procedure by demonstrating on a stuffed animal. -Help the child accept the loss of control associated with hospitalization. -Help the child accept pain that is connected with a treatment or procedure.
-Prepare the child before any unfamiliar treatment or procedure by demonstrating on a stuffed animal.
A 4-year-old child tells the nurse that she does not want another blood sample drawn because "I need all my insides, and I don't want anyone taking them out." Which is the nurse's best interpretation of this? -Child is being overly dramatic. -Child has a disturbed body image. -Preschoolers have poorly defined body boundaries. -Preschoolers normally have a good understanding of their bodies.
-Preschoolers have poorly defined body boundaries.
The nurse is conducting a staff in-service on congenital heart defects. Which structural defect constitutes tetralogy of Fallot? -Pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy -Aortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy -Aortic stenosis, atrial septal defect, overriding aorta, left ventricular hypertrophy -Pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, aortic hypertrophy, left ventricular hypertrophy
-Pulmonic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy
Which action by the school nurse is important in the prevention of rheumatic fever? -Encourage routine cholesterol screenings. -Conduct routine blood pressure screenings. -Refer children with sore throats for throat cultures. -Recommend salicylates instead of acetaminophen for minor discomforts.
-Refer children with sore throats for throat cultures.
Which is an important nursing consideration in the care of a child with celiac disease? -Refer to a nutritionist for detailed dietary instructions and education. -Help child and family understand that diet restrictions are usually only temporary. -Teach proper hand washing and standard precautions to prevent disease transmission. -Suggest ways to cope more effectively with stress to minimize symptoms.
-Refer to a nutritionist for detailed dietary instructions and education.
A previously "potty-trained" 30-month-old child has reverted to wearing diapers while hospitalized. The nurse should reassure the parents that this is normal because of which reason? -Regression is seen during hospitalization. -Developmental delays occur because of the hospitalization. -The child is experiencing urinary urgency because of hospitalization. -The child was too young to be "potty-trained."
-Regression is seen during hospitalization.
A nurse is teaching nursing students the physiology of congenital heart defects. Which defect results in decreased pulmonary blood flow? -Atrial septal defect -Tetralogy of Fallot -Ventricular septal defect -Patent ductus arteriosus
-Tetralogy of Fallot
What is the single most important factor to consider when communicating with children? -The child's physical condition -Presence or absence of the child's parent -The child's developmental level -The child's nonverbal behaviors
-The child's developmental level
When caring for the child with Kawasaki disease, the nurse should know which information? -A child's fever is usually responsive to antibiotics within 48 hours. -The principal area of involvement is the joints. -Aspirin is contraindicated. -Therapeutic management includes administration of gamma globulin and aspirin.
-Therapeutic management includes administration of gamma globulin and aspirin.
A 4-month-old infant has gastroesophageal reflux (GER) but is thriving without other complications. Which should the nurse suggest to minimize reflux? -Place in Trendelenburg position after eating. -Thicken formula with rice cereal. -Give continuous nasogastric tube feedings. -Give larger, less frequent feedings
-Thicken formula with rice cereal.
A 10-year-old girl needs to have another intravenous (IV) line started. She keeps telling the nurse, "Wait a minute" and "I'm not ready." The nurse should recognize this as which description? -This is normal behavior for a school-age child. -The behavior is not seen past the preschool years. -The child thinks the nurse is punishing her. -The child has successfully manipulated the nurse in the past.
-This is normal behavior for a school-age child.
A child has recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) and a dairy-free diet has been prescribed for 2 weeks. Which explanation is the reason for prescribing a dairy-free diet? -To rule out lactose intolerance -To rule out celiac disease -To rule out sensitivity to high sugar content -To rule out peptic ulcer disease
-To rule out lactose intolerance
Which is most descriptive of the pathophysiology of leukemia? -Increased blood viscosity occurs. -Thrombocytopenia (excessive destruction of platelets) occurs. -Unrestricted proliferation of immature white blood cells (WBCs) occurs. -First stage of coagulation process is abnormally stimulated.
-Unrestricted proliferation of immature white blood cells (WBCs) occurs.
Parents of a hemophiliac child ask the nurse, "Can you describe hemophilia to us?" Which response by the nurse is descriptive of most cases of hemophilia? -Autosomal dominant disorder causing deficiency in a factor involved in the blood-clotting reaction -X-linked recessive inherited disorder causing deficiency of platelets and prolonged bleeding -X-linked recessive inherited disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is deficient -Y-linked recessive inherited disorder in which the red blood cells become moon-shaped
-X-linked recessive inherited disorder in which a blood-clotting factor is deficient
Parents of a firstborn child are asking whether it is normal for their child to be extremely competitive. The nurse should respond to the parents that studies about the ordinal position of children suggest that firstborn children tend to: -be praised less often -be more achievement oriented -be more popular with the peer group -identify with peer group more than parents
-be more achievement oriented
In girls, the initial indication of puberty is: -menarche. -growth spurt. -growth of pubic hair. -breast development.
-breast development
The nurse is caring for an infant whose cleft lip was repaired. Important aspects of this infant's postoperative care include: -arm restraints, postural drainage, mouth irrigations. -cleansing the suture line, supine and side-lying positions, arm restraints. -mouth irrigations, prone position, cleansing suture line. -supine and side-lying positions, postural drainage, arm restraints.
-cleansing the suture line, supine and side-lying positions, arm restraints.
Pyloric stenosis can best be described as: -dilation of the pylorus. -hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle. -hypotonicity of the pyloric muscle. -reduction of tone in the pyloric muscle.
-hypertrophy of the pyloric muscle.
According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of adolescence is developing: -intimacy -identity -initiative -independence
-identity
A chest radiograph film is ordered for a child with suspected cardiac problems. The child's parent asks the nurse, "What will the radiograph show about the heart?" The nurse's response should be based on knowledge that the x-ray film will show: -bones of chest but not the heart. -measurement of electrical potential generated from heart muscle. -permanent record of heart size and configuration. -computerized image of heart vessels and tissues.
-permanent record of heart size and configuration.
To prevent plagiocephaly, the nurse should teach parents to: -place infant prone for 30 to 60 minutes per day. -buy a soft mattress. -allow infant to nap in the car safety seat. -have infant sleep with the parents.
-place infant prone for 30-60 minutes per day
An 8-month-old infant has a hypercyanotic spell while blood is being drawn. The nurse's first action should be to: -assess for neurologic defects. -place the child in the knee-chest position. -begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation. -prepare family for imminent death.
-place the child in the knee-chest position.
When a preschool child is hospitalized without adequate preparation, the nurse should recognize that the child may likely see hospitalization as: -punishment. -threat to child's self-image. -an opportunity for regression. -loss of companionship with friends.
-punishment.
A histamine-receptor antagonist such as cimetidine (Tagamet) or ranitidine (Zantac) is ordered for an infant with GER. The purpose of this is to: -prevent reflux. -prevent hematemesis. -reduce gastric acid production. -increase gastric acid production.
-reduce gastric acid production.
A father tells the nurse that his daughter wants the same plate and cup used at every meal, even if they go to a restaurant. The nurse should explain that this is: -a sign the child is spoiled. -a way to exert unhealthy control. -regression, common at this age. -ritualism, common at this age.
-ritualism, common at this age.
A 3-month-old infant dies shortly after arrival to the emergency department. The infant has subdural and retinal hemorrhages but no external signs of trauma. The nurse should suspect: -unintentional injury. -shaken-baby syndrome. -sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). -congenital neurologic problem.
-shaken-baby syndrome.
Several blood tests are ordered for a preschool child with severe anemia. The child is crying and upset because of memories of the venipuncture done at the clinic 2 days ago. The nurse should explain: -venipuncture discomfort is very brief. -only one venipuncture will be needed. -topical application of local anesthetic can eliminate venipuncture pain. -most blood tests on children require only a finger puncture because a small amount of blood is needed.
-topical application of local anesthetic can eliminate venipuncture pain.
Which is an appropriate action when an infant becomes apneic? -Shake vigorously. -Roll head side to side. -Hold by feet upside down with head supported. -Gently stimulate trunk by patting and/or rub the soles of their feet
-Gently stimulate trunk by patting and/or rub the soles of their feet
The nurse is recommending how to prevent iron deficiency anemia in a healthy, term, breast-fed infant. Which should be suggested? -Iron (ferrous sulfate) drops after age 1 month -Iron-fortified commercial formula by age 4 to 6 months -Iron-fortified infant cereal by age 2 months -Iron-fortified infant cereal by age 4 to 6 months
-Iron-fortified infant cereal by age 4 to 6 months
Which is the most frequent source of acute childhood lead poisoning? -Folk remedies -Unglazed pottery -Lead-based paint -Cigarette butts and ashes
-Lead-based paint
A nurse is preparing to feed a 12-month-old infant with failure to thrive. Which intervention should the nurse implement? -Provide stimulation during feeding. -Avoid being persistent during feeding time. -Limit feeding time to 10 minutes. -Maintain a face-to-face posture with the infant during feeding.
-Maintain a face-to-face posture with the infant during feeding.
A child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. The nurse should plan which priority intervention when caring for the child? -Maintain a structured routine and keep stimulation to a minimum. -Place child in a room with a roommate of the same age. -Maintain frequent touch and eye contact with the child. -Take the child frequently to the playroom to play with other children.
-Maintain a structured routine and keep stimulation to a minimum.
Which term best describes a multidisciplinary approach to the management of a terminal illness that focuses on symptom control and support? -Dying care -Curative care -Restorative care -Palliative care
-Palliative care
Which is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis? -Staphylococcus albus -Streptococcus hemolyticus -Staphylococcus albicans -Streptococcus viridans
-Streptococcus viridans
The nurse is meeting a 5-year-old child for the first time and would like the child to cooperate during a dressing change. The nurse decides to do a simple magic trick using gauze. This should be interpreted as: -a way to establish rapport -inappropriate because of child's age -too distracting, when cooperation is important -acceptable if there is adequate time
-a way to establish rapport
Which term refers to the ability to see objects clearly at close range but not at a distance? -myopia -amblyopia -cataract -glaucoma
-myopia
Anorexia nervosa may best be described as: -occurring most frequently in adolescent males. -occurring most frequently in adolescents from lower socioeconomic groups. -resulting from a posterior pituitary disorder. -resulting in severe weight loss in the absence of obvious physical causes.
-resulting in severe weight loss in the absence of obvious physical causes.
When both parents have sickle cell trait, which is the chance their children will have sickle cell anemia? -25% -50% -75% -100%
-25%
Which clinical manifestation would be the most suggestive of acute appendicitis? -Rebound tenderness -Bright red or dark red rectal bleeding -Abdominal pain that is relieved by eating -Abdominal pain that is most intense at McBurney point
-Abdominal pain that is most intense at McBurney point
The nurse should suspect a hearing impairment in an infant who demonstrates which behavior? -Absence of the Moro reflex -Absence of babbling by age 7 months -Lack of eye contact when being spoken to -Lack of gesturing to indicate wants after age 15 months
-Absence of babbling by age 7 months
The nurse is admitting a child with rheumatic fever. Which therapeutic management should the nurse expect to implement? -Administering penicillin -Avoiding salicylates (aspirin) -Imposing strict bed rest for 4 to 6 weeks -Administering corticosteroids if chorea develops
-Administering penicillin
In which of the conditions are all the formed elements of the blood simultaneously depressed? -Aplastic anemia -Sickle cell anemia -Thalassemia major -Iron deficiency anemia
-Aplastic anemia
The nurse observes some children in the playroom. Which play situation exhibits the characteristics of parallel play? -Kimberly and Amanda sharing clay to each make things -Brian playing with his truck next to Kristina playing with her truck -Adam playing a board game with Kyle, Steven, and Erich -Danielle playing with a music box on her mother's lap
-Brian playing with his truck next to Kristina playing with her truck
Teasing can be common during the school-age years. The nurse should recognize that which applies to teasing? -Can have a lasting effect on children -Is not a significant threat to self-concept -Is rarely based on anything that is concrete -Is usually ignored by the child who is being teased
-Can have a lasting effect on children
Which is a common, serious complication of rheumatic fever? -Seizures -Cardiac arrhythmias -Pulmonary hypertension -Cardiac valve damage
-Cardiac valve damage
Parents of a 3-year-old child with congenital heart disease are afraid to let their child play with other children because of possible overexertion. The nurse's reply should be based on which statement? -Child needs opportunities to play with peers. -Child needs to understand that peers' activities are too strenuous. -Parents can meet all of the child's needs. -Constant parental supervision is needed to avoid overexertion
-Child needs opportunities to play with peers.
The nurse is assessing a child with acute epiglottitis. Examining the child's throat by using a tongue depressor might precipitate which symptom or condition? -Inspiratory stridor -Complete obstruction -Sore throat -Respiratory tract infection
-Complete obstruction
Which information should the nurse give a mother regarding the introduction of solid foods during infancy? -Solid foods should not be introduced until 8 to 10 months, when the extrusion reflex begins to disappear. -Foods should be introduced one at a time, at intervals of 4 to 7 days. -Solid foods can be mixed in a bottle to make the transition easier for the infant. -Fruits and vegetables should be introduced into the diet first.
-Foods should be introduced one at a time, at intervals of 4 to 7 days.
Which should the nurse consider when preparing a school-age child and the family for heart surgery? -Unfamiliar equipment should not be shown. -Let child hear the sounds of an ECG monitor. -Avoid mentioning postoperative discomfort and interventions. -Explain that an endotracheal tube will not be needed if the surgery goes well
-Let child hear the sounds of an ECG monitor.
Which immunization should not be given to a child receiving chemotherapy for cancer? -Tetanus vaccine -Inactivated poliovirus vaccine -Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus (DPT) -Measles, rubella, mumps
-Measles, rubella, mumps
A nurse is teaching nursing students about clinical manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF). Which is/are the earliest recognizable clinical manifestation(s) of CF? -Meconium ileus -History of poor intestinal absorption -Foul-smelling, frothy, greasy stools -Recurrent pneumonia and lung infections
-Meconium ileus
The nurse is teaching parents about the importance of iron in a toddler's diet. Which explains why iron deficiency anemia is common during toddlerhood? -Milk is a poor source of iron. -Iron cannot be stored during fetal development. -Fetal iron stores are depleted by age 1 month. -Dietary iron cannot be started until age 12 months.
-Milk is a poor source of iron.
A child is admitted to the hospital with asthma. Which assessment findings support this diagnosis? -Nonproductive cough, wheezing -Fever, general malaise -Productive cough, rales -Stridor, substernal retractions
-Nonproductive cough, wheezing
Which observation made of the exposed abdomen is most indicative of pyloric stenosis? -Abdominal rigidity -Substernal retraction -Palpable olive-like mass -Marked distention of lower abdomen
-Palpable olive-like mass
A nurse on a pediatric unit is practicing family-centered care. Which is most descriptive of the care the nurse is delivering? -Taking over total care of the child to reduce stress on the family -Encouraging family dependence on health care systems -Recognizing that the family is the constant in a child's life -Excluding families from the decision-making process
-Recognizing that the family is the constant in a child's life
Which pathogen is the viral pathogen that frequently causes acute diarrhea in young children? -Giardia organisms -Shigella organisms -Rotavirus -Salmonella organisms
-Rotavirus
The nurse is administering an IV chemotherapeutic agent to a child with leukemia. The child suddenly begins to wheeze and have severe urticaria. Which is the most appropriate nursing action? -Stop drug infusion immediately. -Recheck rate of drug infusion. -Observe child closely for next 10 minutes. -Explain to child that this is an expected side effect.
-Stop drug infusion immediately.
Several complications can occur when a child receives a blood transfusion. Which is an immediate sign or symptom of an air embolus? -Chills and shaking -Nausea and vomiting -Irregular heart rate -Sudden difficulty in breathing
-Sudden difficulty in breathing
When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse should be alert to recognize that which condition or symptom is a sign of perforation? -Bradycardia -Anorexia -Sudden relief from pain -Decreased abdominal distention
-Sudden relief from pain
Which therapeutic management treatment is implemented for children with Hirschsprung disease? -Daily enemas -Low-fiber diet -Permanent colostomy -Surgical removal of affected section of bowel
-Surgical removal of affected section of bowel
José is a 4-year-old child scheduled for a cardiac catheterization. Preoperative teaching should be: -directed at his parents because he is too young to understand. -detailed in regard to the actual procedures so he will know what to expect. -done several days before the procedure so that he will be prepared. -adapted to his level of development so that he can understand.
-adapted to his level of development so that he can understand.
A school-age child is admitted in vasoocclusive sickle cell crisis. The child's care should include: -correction of acidosis. -adequate hydration and pain management. -pain management and administration of heparin. -adequate oxygenation and replacement of factor VIII.
-adequate hydration and pain management.
It is generally recommended that a child with acute streptococcal pharyngitis can return to school: -when sore throat is better. -if no complications develop. -after taking antibiotics for 24 hours. -after taking antibiotics for 3 days.
-after taking antibiotics for 24 hours.
The nurse is caring for a school-age child who has had a cardiac catheterization. The child tells the nurse that the bandage is "too wet." The nurse finds the bandage and bed soaked with blood. The most appropriate initial nursing action is to: -notify physician. -apply new bandage with more pressure. -place the child in Trendelenburg position. -apply direct pressure above catheterization site.
-apply direct pressure above catheterization site.
Chelation therapy is begun on a child with β-thalassemia major. The purpose of this therapy is to: -treat the disease. -eliminate excess iron. -decrease risk of hypoxia. -manage nausea and vomiting.
-eliminate excess iron.
A mother who intended to breastfeed has given birth to an infant with a cleft palate. Nursing interventions should include: -giving medication to suppress lactation. -encouraging and helping mother to breastfeed. -teaching mother to feed breast milk by gavage. -recommending use of a breast pump to maintain lactation until infant can suck.
-encouraging and helping mother to breastfeed.
A newborn was admitted to the nursery with a complete bilateral cleft lip and palate. The physician explained the plan of therapy and its expected good results. However, the mother refuses to see or hold her baby. Initial therapeutic approach to the mother should be: -restating what the physician has told her about plastic surgery. -encouraging her to express her feelings. -emphasizing the normalcy of her baby and the baby's need for mothering. -recognizing that negative feelings toward the child continue throughout childhood.
-encouraging her to express her feelings.
An adolescent teen has bulimia. Which assessment finding should the nurse expect to assess? -diarrhea -amenorrhea -cold intolerance -erosion of tooth enamel
-erosion of tooth enamel
Which is the most commonly used method in completed suicides? -Firearms -Drug overdose -Self-inflected laceration -Carbon monoxide poisoning
-firearms
A young child is brought to the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to acute diarrhea and vomiting. Therapeutic management of this child should begin with: -intravenous (IV) fluids. -ORS. -clear liquids, 1 to 2 ounces at a time. -administration of antidiarrheal medication
-intravenous (IV) fluids.
Invagination of one segment of bowel within another is called: -atresia. -stenosis. -herniation. -intussusception
-intussusception
The most common cause of death in the adolescent age group involves: -drownings -firearms -drug overdoses -motor vehicles
-motor vehicles
As part of the treatment for heart failure, the child takes the diuretic furosemide (Lasix). As part of teaching home care, the nurse encourages the family to give the child foods such as bananas, oranges, and leafy vegetables. These foods are recommended because they are high in: -chlorides. -potassium. -sodium. -vitamins.
-potassium.
Caring for the newborn with a cleft lip and palate before surgical repair includes: -gastrostomy feedings. -keeping infant in near-horizontal position during feedings. -allowing little or no sucking. -providing satisfaction of sucking needs.
-providing satisfaction of sucking needs.
Nursing interventions to help the siblings of a child with special needs cope include: -explaining to the siblings that embarrassment is unhealthy. -encouraging the parents not to expect siblings to help them care for the child with special needs. -providing information to the siblings about the child's condition only as they request it. -suggesting to the parents ways of showing gratitude to the siblings who help care for the child with special needs.
-suggesting to the parents ways of showing gratitude to the siblings who help care for the child with special needs.
A school-age child is diagnosed with a life-threatening illness. The parents want to protect their child from knowing the seriousness of the illness. The nurse should explain that: -this will help the child cope effectively by denial. -this attitude is helpful to give parents time to cope. -terminally ill children know when they are seriously ill. -terminally ill children usually choose not to discuss the seriousness of their illness.
-terminally ill children know when they are seriously ill.
Rickets is caused by a deficiency in: -Vitamin D and calcium -Vitamin A -Vitamin C -Folic acid and iron
-vitamin D and calcium
The nurse is completing a pain assessment on a 4-year-old child. Which of the depicted pain scale tools should the nurse use with a child this age? -FACES -scale 1-10 -description of amount of pain -no pain to worst pain
FACES
The nurse is caring for a hospitalized 4-year-old boy. His parents tell the nurse that they will be back to visit at 6 PM. When the child asks the nurse when his parents are coming, the nurse's best response is -"They will be here soon." - "They will come after dinner." -"Let me show you on the clock when 6 PM is." -"I will tell you every time I see you how much longer it will be."
- "They will come after dinner."
Parents are asking about an early intervention program for their child who has special needs. The nurse relates that this program is for which age of child? -Birth to 1 year of age - Birth to 3 years of age -Ages 1 to 4 -Ages 4 and 5
- Birth to 3 years of age
A nurse is assessing a child and notes Koplik spots. In which of these communicable diseases are Koplik spots present? -Rubella - Measles (rubeola) -Chickenpox (varicella) -Exanthema subitum (roseola)
- Measles (rubeola)
A parent asks the nurse about negativism in toddlers. Which is the most appropriate recommendation? -Punish the child. -Provide more attention. -Ask child not always to say "no." - Reduce the opportunities for a "no" answer.
- Reduce the opportunities for a "no" answer.
A nurse is conducting an in-service on asthma. Which statement is the most descriptive of bronchial asthma? - There is heightened airway reactivity. -There is decreased resistance in the airway. -The single cause of asthma is an allergic hypersensitivity. -It is inherited.
- There is heightened airway reactivity.
An 18-month-old child is seen in the clinic with AOM. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) is prescribed. Which statement made by the parent indicates a correct understanding of the instructions? -"I should administer all the prescribed medication." -"I should continue medication until the symptoms subside." -"I will immediately stop giving medication if I notice a change in hearing." -"I will stop giving medication if fever is still present in 24 hours."
-"I should administer all the prescribed medication."
A nurse is admitting a child with Crohn disease. Parents ask the nurse, "How is this disease different from ulcerative colitis?" Which statement should the nurse make when answering this question? -"With Crohn's the inflammatory process involves the whole GI tract." -"There is no difference between the two diseases." -"The inflammation with Crohn's is limited to the colon and rectum." -"Ulcerative colitis is characterized by skip lesions."
-"With Crohn's the inflammatory process involves the whole GI tract."
The nurse should teach parents that which age is safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula? -12 months -6 months -9 months -18 months
-12 months
***The nurse is admitting a child with coarctation of the aorta. Which figure depicts this congenital heart defect?
it looks as if the aorta is closing/narrowing this answer is an image so you may want to look at the question on BBL
