Pediatric Growth and Development Quizlet

Who should the nurse include as the authority when providing education to the parents of a 7-year-old client related to moral development? The school-age child The school-age child's peers Any higher power the child believes in Any adult with authority over the child

Any adult with authority over the child

Which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development is associated with a person following a law even if it is discriminatory to a racial group? Social contract orientation Society-maintaining orientation Instrumental relativist orientation Universal ethical principle orientation

Social contract orientation

Which should the nurse encourage for the adolescent client diagnosed with a chronic illness to achieve independence from family? Using coping skills Wearing make-up Buying stylish clothes Socializing with peers

Socializing with peers

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which stage is a part of conventional reasoning? Social contract orientation Society-maintaining orientation Instrument relativist orientation Universal ethical principle orientation

Society-maintaining orientation

What gross motor skill is observed in children between 8 and 10 months old? The child can creep on his or her hands and knees. The child has predominant inborn reflexes. The child can sit alone without any kind of support. The child can bear his or her weight on forearms when prone.

The child can creep on his or her hands and knees.

The nurse observes that a child fails to make eye contact and has poor impulse control. Upon further assessment, the nurse finds that the parent is an alcoholic and often neglects the child. What can be said about the child? The child needs to be screened for autism. The child is experiencing separation anxiety. The child feels solitary because of the parent's behavior. The child has developed reactive attachment disorder (RAD).

The child has developed reactive attachment disorder (RAD).

At which stage of Kohlberg's theory is the child afraid of punishment? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

Stage 1

What should the nurse teach the parent of an infant who is at risk for infections? "You must avoid placing the infant in bright sunlight." "Breast-feeding will provide protection against bacteria." "Use soy-based infant formulas to help prevent infection." "The infant will be less susceptible to infections later in life."

"Breast-feeding will provide protection against bacteria."

The nurse is providing care to an infant who is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (CF). Which parental statement indicates the need for further education related to the potential for poor growth? "My child's diagnosis causes delayed bone growth." "My child will have a poor appetite, which will lead to poor growth." "My child will have increased oxygen demands, which will lead to poor growth." "My child will have a decreased ability to absorb nutrients, which will cause poor growth."

"My child will have a poor appetite, which will lead to poor growth."

The parents of a preschooler are worried, because the child is often seen talking to imaginary friends. The parents admit that they often scold the child for such behavior. Of what does the nurse inform the parents? "The child may develop severe psychological problems." "You must involve the child in some spiritual activities." "There may be some neurologic or developmental issue." "The behavior is normal at this age and it will help counter loneliness."

"The behavior is normal at this age and it will help counter loneliness."

How much does the head circumference increase per month from 4 to 6 months of age? 1 cm (0.4 inch) 2 cm (0.75 inch) 0.5 cm (0.2 inch) 3.5 cm (1.38 inch)

1 cm (0.4 inch)

Which school-age client should the nurse assess for symptoms related to burnout? 7-year-old 8-year-old 9-year-old 10-year-old

10-year-old

Which age should the nurse teach the parents of a school-age client to expect mandibular second molars to erupt? 7 to 8 years 9 to 10 years 10 to 12 years 11 to 13 years

11 to 13 years

In which age range would the nurse expect a client to understand the concept of conservation related to liquids and numbers when conducting a developmental assessment? 5 to 7 years 6 to 7 years 9 to 10 years 9 to 12 years

5 to 7 years

Which school-age children require close supervision when using a skateboard? Select all that apply. 5-year-old 6-year-old 7-year-old 8-year-old 9-year-old

6-year-old 7-year-old 8-year-old 9-year-old

What is the expected average weight for a 6-month-old child? 680 g (1.5 lb) 7.26 kg (16 lb) 11.34 kg (25 lb) 9.75 kg (21.5 lb)

7.26 kg (16 lb)

At which age should the nurse assess the school-age client for mastery of the concept of conservation of volume? 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years

9 years

To which client should the nurse provide education regarding the pubertal growth spurt? An 8-year-old school-age male client A 16-year-old adolescent male client A 12-year-old school-age female client An 18-year-old adolescent female client

A 12-year-old school-age female client

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which statement about conventional reasoning is true? A person wants to fulfill family expectations. A child's thinking is mostly based on likes and pleasures. A child recognizes that there is more than one correct view. An individual moves away from moral decisions based on authority.

A person wants to fulfill family expectations.

What is the correct order of the stages according to Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the first stage is the punishment and obedience orientation. The second stage is the instrumental relativist orientation. Good boy-nice girl orientation is the third stage. Society-maintaining orientation stage is the fourth stage. Social contract orientation is the fifth stage. The sixth stage is the universal ethical principle orientation stage.

When does the anterior fontanel of an infant close? At 4 to 10 months At 8 to 12 months At 12 to 18 months At 18 to 26 months

At 12 to 18 months

According to Erikson's stages of life, what is the stage when a child begins walking, feeding, and using the toilet? Trust versus mistrust Initiative versus guilt Identity versus role confusion Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt

Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt

What should the nurse anticipate, according to Erikson, when assessing a school-age child? Select all that apply. Being engaged in tasks Questioning sexual identity Having highly imaginative thoughts Wanting to participate in organized activities Struggling with self-control and independence

Being engaged in tasks Wanting to participate in organized activities

How does an adolescent establish group identity during psychosocial development? By evaluating his or her own health with a feeling of well-being By fostering his or her independence with balanced family structure By building close peer relationships to achieve acceptance in the society By achieving marked physical changes with masculine and feminine behaviors

By building close peer relationships to achieve acceptance in the society

Which theory states that a child's growth pattern is related to gene activity? Gesell's theory Piaget's theory Erikson's theory Havinghurst's theory

Gesell's theory

According to Kohlberg's theory, which stage comes before the society-maintaining orientation stage? Social contract orientation Good boy-nice girl orientation Instrumental relativist orientation Punishment and obedience orientation

Good boy-nice girl orientation

Which actions demonstrate fine motor skills? Select all that apply. Crawling Creeping Sitting erect Holding a rattle Picking up objects Holding a baby bottle

Holding a rattle Picking up objects Holding a baby bottle

Which fine motor skill should the nurse expect when assessing the development of an infant between 10 and 12 months of age? Holds a crayon Walks with assistance Stands independently Sits from a standing position

Holds a crayon

A child wants to be on time for a family dinner. According to Kohlberg's theory, what stage of development is the child going through? Good boy-nice girl orientation Society-maintaining orientation Instrumental relativist orientation Universal ethical principle orientation

Instrumental relativist orientation

During which stage of development should the nurse anticipate sibling relationships that fluctuate between open bickering and supportive relationships? Preschool Early school-age Late adolescence Middle school-age

Middle school-age

Which stage of the development should the nurse document for an infant when using Freud's theory of psychosexual development? Oral Anal Phallic Latent

Oral

The nurse is discussing the neurologic reflexes seen in an infant with the parents. Which reflex will the nurse state as being present indefinitely? Landau Parachute Body righting Neck righting

Parachute

Which nursing action is most accurate when assessing the chest circumference of a newborn during the initial physical assessment? Measuring during expiration only Taking three measurements and recording the average Measuring during inspiration and plotting this data on the growth chart Placing the measuring tape around the rib cage at the nipple line

Placing the measuring tape around the rib cage at the nipple line

Which of these age groups has the highest incidence of lead poisoning? Adult Toddler Adolescent School-age child

Toddler

Which symptoms present in a child indicate Turner syndrome? Select all that apply. Webbed neck Impaired language Tall stature with long legs Low position of posterior hairline Shield-shaped chest with wide space between the nipples

Webbed neck Low position of posterior hairline Shield-shaped chest with wide space between the nipples

What does the nurse anticipate the primary healthcare provider to advise the parents of a child newly diagnosed with a mitochondrial disorder? There is no risk of recurrence of this disease in the next child. You may need to use a donor egg for future children. There are more chances of miscarriage in the next pregnancy. You can find more information about this disease on the internet.

You may need to use a donor egg for future children.

The nurse is providing care to the family of a preschool-age child who is diagnosed with sickle cell disease. Which statement made by the sibling would initiate a teaching session with the parents regarding discipline? "I really wish my brother wasn't sick all the time." "I am afraid that I caused my brother to get sick again because I was mad at him." "When I lied to my parents, I was punished for a week and my brother never gets punished." "I never get to go over to my friends' houses because we are always taking my brother to the doctor."

"When I lied to my parents, I was punished for a week and my brother never gets punished."

What is true about the instrumental relativist orientation stage? An individual recognizes that there is more than one correct point of view. An individual finds a balance between societal rules and basic human rights and obligations. An individual response to a moral dilemma is in terms of absolute obedience to authority and rules. An individual sees moral reasoning based on own personal internalization of societal and other's expectations.

An individual recognizes that there is more than one correct point of view.

What is the reason for calculating a body mass index (BMI)-for-age during a health maintenance assessment for school-age clients? Assessing for bulimia nervosa Monitoring for failure to thrive Monitoring for anorexia nervosa Assessing for obesity or overweight

Assessing for obesity or overweight

What is the similarity between Havinghurst's stage-crisis theory and Erikson's psychosocial development theory? Both theories are based on developmental tasks. Both theories incorporate eight stages of development. Both theories are based on psychosexual development. Both theories emphasize that a child's growth is directed by gene activity

Both theories are based on developmental tasks.

A community health nurse makes a home visit to a disabled 13-year-old client who has a 6-month-old infant sister. The infant lies quietly in her crib and rarely smiles or vocalizes; it appears that the infant barely has her basic needs met. What is the nurse's most appropriate intervention? Advise the parent that the infant will be retarded if not stimulated. Ask the disabled client to spend more time playing with the sister. Encourage purchasing toys that are appropriate for the infant's age level. Determine whether there is anyone who can help with chores and the infant's care.

Determine whether there is anyone who can help with chores and the infant's care.

Which statement describes the latency stage of Freud's psychoanalytic model of personality development? During this stage, genital organs are the focus of pleasure. During this stage, sexual urges are repressed and channeled into productive activities. During this stage, an infant begins to think that his or her parent is separate from the self. During this stage, sexual urges reawaken and are directed to an individual outside the family circle.

During this stage, sexual urges are repressed and channeled into productive activities.

Which is a characteristic of the glands that secrete a thick substance in response to emotional stimulation and become odoriferous because of bacterial action? Highly active in childhood Absent around the umbilicus Widely distributed throughout the body Grow in conjunction with axillary hair follicles

Grow in conjunction with axillary hair follicles

Which feelings are enhanced in the school-age child through the use of positive reinforcement of success by adults? Select all that apply. Happiness Likeability Feeling worthwhile to others Feeling disrespected by others Capability of valuable contributions

Happiness Likeability Feeling disrespected by others Capability of valuable contributions

Which should the nurse anticipate, according to Erikson, when assessing a preschool-age child? Being engaged in tasks Questioning sexual identity Having highly imaginative thoughts Wanting to participate in organized activities

Having highly imaginative thoughts

The nurse is measuring the body temperature of four neonates born at term in a pediatric health setting. Which neonate has normal body temperature? Neonate 1 Neonate 2 Neonate 3 Neonate 4

Neonate 3

Which of these statements about the transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life is true? Hyperthermia is observed in the newborn. Newborns are susceptible to heat loss and cold stress. Apgar assessments are conducted 5 and 10 minutes after birth. Physiological changes in the newborn occur during the first 12 hours of life.

Newborns are susceptible to heat loss and cold stress.

The parents of a preschooler tell the nurse that they try to inculcate good eating habits by asking the child to be at the table until the "plate is clean." What condition is the child at risk for? Anorexia Depression Aggression Poor eating habits

Poor eating habits

Which difficulties faced by an adolescent diagnosed with a chronic illness are attributed to normal development? Select all that apply. Risk taking Rebelliousness Peer socialization Lack of cooperation Hostility toward authority

Risk taking Rebelliousness Lack of cooperation Hostility toward authority

Which type of relationship is most important to the school-age child? Same-sex peer relationships Opposite-sex peer relationship Same-sex parental relationship Opposite-sex parental relationship

Same-sex peer relationships

Which formula is most preferable for a child who has lactose intolerance? Soy-based formula Whey hydrolysate formula Cow's milk-based formula Amino acid-based formula

Soy-based formula

What should the nurse suggest when parents ask what to do about their preschooler's stuttering? Speak clearly and do not complete the child's sentences. Avoid looking at the child when he experiences difficulty forming words. Help the child by supplying the correct word when he experiences a block. Stop the conversation and tell the child to speak slowly when starting again

Speak clearly and do not complete the child's sentences.

What developmental skills does a preschooler exhibit? Select all that apply. Personal identity Specific reasoning Increased curiosity Magical thinking Understanding of others

Specific reasoning Increased curiosity Magical thinking

Which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development does the nurse anticipate in a client who exhibits absolute obedience to authority and rules? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

Stage 1

In which stage of Kohlberg's theory of moral development does the nurse anticipate a client to expand focus from relationships with others to societal concerns? Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4

Stage 4

Which behaviors should the nurse anticipate when conducting a developmental assessment for a newborn? Select all that apply. Sucking on a pacifier Grasping a parents finger Discovering hands and feet Swallowing while breastfeeding Rooting when the cheek is stroked

Sucking on a pacifier Grasping a parents finger Swallowing while breastfeeding Rooting when the cheek is stroked

What is true about the preoperational period of Piaget's theory? The child develops a scheme for dealing with the environment. The child is able to describe a process without actually doing it. The child has the capacity to reason with respect to possibilities. The child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as he or she does.

The child believes that everyone experiences the world exactly as he or she does.

What gross motor skill is found in children between two to four months of age? The child can creep on its hands and knees. The child has predominant inborn reflexes. The child can sit alone without any kind of support. The child can bear weight on forearms when prone.

The child can bear weight on forearms when prone.

During which week of pregnancy does placental development occur? First Third Fifth Seventh

Third