Pediatric Nursing: Ch 4
Toddler Age Range
1-3 years
Guidelines for choosing a preschool
1. Whether or not child is developmentally ready 2. CPR & early childhood training 3. small class & adult to child ratio 4. consistent disciplinary procedures 5. parents can visit anytime 6. childproof 7. hygiene
Sleep requirement of toddler
12-13.5 hours with one nap
Sensorimotor Substage 5
12-18 months: tertiary circular reactions (increased object permanence and ability to differentiate self from others)
How much cow's milk should a toddler be permitted to drink in a day? Why?
16 oz, low iron content
When do the bladder and kidney achieve adult function?
16 to 24 months
When should the anterior fontanel close by?
18 months--- allow 2-3 years
Sensorimotor Substage 6
18-24 months: mental combinations (thinking, understanding, use of imagination, etc)
Expected output for a toddler
1mL/kg/hr
When is myelination of the spinal cord complete?
2 years
When is the appropriate time to start potty training? why?
2 years of age because the myelination of the spinal cord is complete allowing for better control of the sphincter.
Preoporational Stage
2-7 years: able to sort, complete 4 piece puzzles, and play complexly)
What is the average weight gain for a toddler?
3 inches/year
When does a toddler's head become more proportional to their body?
3 years
How many words (minimum) should a toddler's vocabulary consist of?
40-50
Brain size in comparison to that of an adult at 2 years old
90% of full size
Piaget Stage
sensorimotor and preoperational
The nurse is providing parental anticipatory guidance to promote healthy emotional development in a 12-month-old boy. Which statement best accomplishes this?
A regular routine and rituals will provide stability and security
The nurse is assessing the language development of a 3-year-old girl. Which finding would suggest a problem?
Speaks in 2-3 word sentences (echolalia); should be able to have simple conversation
The 18-month-old toddler has most likely attained which gross motor skill?
The ability to walk independently (not yet up stairs alone)
The mother of a 15-month-old son is returning to work and wants to place her son in the day care close to work; however, they will only accept potty-trained children. Which response from the nurse will best address this situation in answering the mother's questions of how best to potty train her son?
Wait a few more months until your son has more muscle control and shows signs that he's ready to be potty trained.
Erikson Stage
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
How does the urine of a toddler change from when they were an infant?
becomes more concentraed
2nd leading cause of death in 1-4 years olds (specific)
car accidents
Leading cause of death in 1-4 year olds (specific)
drowning
Height in comparison to that of an adult by age 2
half adult height
echolalia
mimicking words and phrases with no intent
telegraphic speech
minimal and concise sentences used to get point across (ex: me up)
What type of play do toddler's generally engage in?
parallel play
_____ language is stronger in toddlers than ____ language.
receptive, expressive
extinction
removing positive reinforcement for negative behavior
Difference between seizure and temper tantrum
seizure not provoke, temper tantrum is
