Pediatric Nursing: Ch 4

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Toddler Age Range

1-3 years

Guidelines for choosing a preschool

1. Whether or not child is developmentally ready 2. CPR & early childhood training 3. small class & adult to child ratio 4. consistent disciplinary procedures 5. parents can visit anytime 6. childproof 7. hygiene

Sleep requirement of toddler

12-13.5 hours with one nap

Sensorimotor Substage 5

12-18 months: tertiary circular reactions (increased object permanence and ability to differentiate self from others)

How much cow's milk should a toddler be permitted to drink in a day? Why?

16 oz, low iron content

When do the bladder and kidney achieve adult function?

16 to 24 months

When should the anterior fontanel close by?

18 months--- allow 2-3 years

Sensorimotor Substage 6

18-24 months: mental combinations (thinking, understanding, use of imagination, etc)

Expected output for a toddler

1mL/kg/hr

When is myelination of the spinal cord complete?

2 years

When is the appropriate time to start potty training? why?

2 years of age because the myelination of the spinal cord is complete allowing for better control of the sphincter.

Preoporational Stage

2-7 years: able to sort, complete 4 piece puzzles, and play complexly)

What is the average weight gain for a toddler?

3 inches/year

When does a toddler's head become more proportional to their body?

3 years

How many words (minimum) should a toddler's vocabulary consist of?

40-50

Brain size in comparison to that of an adult at 2 years old

90% of full size

Piaget Stage

sensorimotor and preoperational

The nurse is providing parental anticipatory guidance to promote healthy emotional development in a 12-month-old boy. Which statement best accomplishes this?

A regular routine and rituals will provide stability and security

The nurse is assessing the language development of a 3-year-old girl. Which finding would suggest a problem?

Speaks in 2-3 word sentences (echolalia); should be able to have simple conversation

The 18-month-old toddler has most likely attained which gross motor skill?

The ability to walk independently (not yet up stairs alone)

The mother of a 15-month-old son is returning to work and wants to place her son in the day care close to work; however, they will only accept potty-trained children. Which response from the nurse will best address this situation in answering the mother's questions of how best to potty train her son?

Wait a few more months until your son has more muscle control and shows signs that he's ready to be potty trained.

Erikson Stage

autonomy vs. shame and doubt

How does the urine of a toddler change from when they were an infant?

becomes more concentraed

2nd leading cause of death in 1-4 years olds (specific)

car accidents

Leading cause of death in 1-4 year olds (specific)

drowning

Height in comparison to that of an adult by age 2

half adult height

echolalia

mimicking words and phrases with no intent

telegraphic speech

minimal and concise sentences used to get point across (ex: me up)

What type of play do toddler's generally engage in?

parallel play

_____ language is stronger in toddlers than ____ language.

receptive, expressive

extinction

removing positive reinforcement for negative behavior

Difference between seizure and temper tantrum

seizure not provoke, temper tantrum is


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