Period 2: 2.4
Why was it difficult to enforce the Navigation Acts?
- the large distance across the Atlantic slowed communication - through 1642-1763 the English were dealing with a civil war and 4 wars with France - they also had corrupt government agents who were easy to bribe
Outline the three laws made in the Navigation Acts from 1650-1673.
1. Trade to and from the colonies can only be done on colonial or English-made ships operated by colonial or English crews. 2. All goods imported to colonies except perishables had to pass through ports in England. 3. Enumerated goods can only be exported to England. Ex.: Tobacco
How did colonists feel about Sir Edmund Andros?
He made himself unpopular by levying taxes, limiting town meetings, and revoking land titles.
How did James 2 want to change the colonies?
He wanted to increase royal control over them.
What happened in Massachusetts Bay and why?
In 1684 the crown revoked its charter for being the center for smuggling.
What three parts of the world created the triangular trade system?
North America, Africa, Europe
What is mercantilism?
The economic theory that a country's wealth was determined by how much more exported than imported.
How did colonists feel about this?
They resented the regulatory laws, they defied them in New England by smuggling from other countries.
Why do colonies exist under mercantilism?
To enrich the parent country.
Who else did the English colonists trade with?
American Indians (furs, food, etc.)
Why did New England merchants enter the slave trade?
By the late 17th century the Royal African Company could not provide as many slaves as the colonies wanted, so the Parliament ended its monopoly on the slave trade. This lead to the New England merchants entering the trade.
Where and why in the colonies were the Navigation Acts beneficial?
It benefited New England ship making, the Chesapeake tobacco monopoly, and it allowed the English military to protect the colonies from French or Spanish attack.
What was the Dominion of New England?
James 2 created it by combining New York and New Jersey and other various New England states.
What happened with Tobacco in the 1660s and how did the colonies respond?
Low tobacco prices from high production ruined Maryland and Virginia. Virginia House of Burgesses raised tobacco prices but England merchant also raised their prices too.
What was the fundamental problem between the colonists and England?
Regulation of Trade
What is salutary neglect?
The British policy of relaxed rule towards colonial governments so long as they remained loyal
What ended the Dominion of New England?
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 took James and with him the Dominion.
Explain how the Navigation Acts negatively impacted the British colonies.
The colonies couldn't manufacture goods so they had to pay high prices for them from England. Farmers had to accept low prices for tobacco from England.
