Period 6

By the 1870s, which of the following most reflected the continuation of the trend depicted on the maps? A The purchase of automobiles by most households in the United States B The extension of electrical power to most homes in the United States C The completion of transcontinental railroads

c

The People's (Populist) Party emerged most directly in response to which of the following late-nineteenth-century trends? C The growth of corporate power in agriculture and the economy D The development of political machines

c

The union membership card pictured above is designed to accomplish which of the following? A Encourage United States workers to unite against foreign competition B Assure the public that strikes and walkouts were not part of union policy C Link union membership with patriotic and religious images

c

In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which of the following was the principal public opponent of lynching in the South? D Ida B. Wells E Susan B. Anthony

d

The majority of immigrants who arrived in the United States between 1821 and 1880 settled in the c South and Northeast D Midwest and Northeast

d

From the 1880's to the beginning of the New Deal, the dominant American Indian policy of the United Stated government sought to D encourage American Indians to preserve their languages and religions E break up tribal landholdings

e

From the 1880s to the New Deal, the dominant United States government policy toward American Indians was to try to D preserve native languages and customs E assimilate them into White culture

e

Which of the following pairs of immigrant groups were most prominent in the construction of the first transcontinental railroad? A Chinese and Irish B Irish and Japanese

a

The quotation above is an example of A transcendentalism B existentialism C The Gospel of Wealth

c

Which of the following groups included the passage above in its platform? A American Federation of Labor B Union-Labor Party C People's Party (Populists)

c

During the closing decades of the nineteenth century, farmers complained about all of the following EXCEPT A rising commodity prices B high interest charges

a

The foreign policy ideas in the excerpt are best explained by which of the following nineteenth-century developments? B An attempt to end Reconstruction policies C A reaction to expanding United States economic activity

c

Which of the following labor organizations endorsed the philosophy of "bread and butter" unionism by concentrating on demands for higher wages, shorter hours, and improved work conditions? A The Knights of Labor B The Molly Maguires C The American Federation of Labor

c

The cartoonist most likely supported B women's political equality C redistribution of wealth D government policies favoring corporations

d

The "Atlanta Compromise" is the name given to the A proposal that African Americans emphasize making economic progress over the quest for political and social equality B political concessions southern White politicians made to African Americans in order to win their support against northerners

a

The cartoon above is a commentary on late-nineteenth-century A municipal corruption B imperialism

a

The Ghost Dance was an American Indian religious movement associated with D the outbreak of King Philip's War E distress over loss of tribal autonomy

e

Activists formed the Populist Party most directly in response to the A growth of corporate power in agriculture and economic instability in farming B emergence of concerns about abuses of the environment

a

The author of the statement above was A a Scalawag in the 1870s B an African American journalist in the 1890s

b

In his Atlanta Compromise speech, Booker T. Washington called for which of the following? A African American voting rights B An end to racial segregation C Support for African American self-help

c

After the Civil War, some businesspeople and newspaper editors—such as the Atlanta Constitution's Henry Grady—promoted the idea of a New South. Which of the following best describes their vision for the southern states? C An agricultural region of large plantations growing cotton, tobacco, and rice, worked by sharecroppers D A mixed economy no longer primarily dependent on cash crops

d

Americans advocating the ideas expressed in the passage above would be most accurately described as A transcendentalists B Populists C scientific managers D Social Darwinists

d

The discussion of economic neutrality featured in the excerpt is best situated within which of the following historical contexts? C Increasing demand to export southern cotton D Rising support for laissez-faire economic policies

d

In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, American agriculture was characterized by D an increase in wholesale prices for farm products E an increase in acres under civilization

e

All of the following are true of railroad expansion in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that it A opened new territories to commercial agriculture B accelerated the growth of some older cities and created new ones C was financed by private corporations without government assistance

c

The claims made by White and Hahn about United States policies toward American Indians in the late nineteenth century are similar in that they both support which of the following arguments? A The federal government sought to grant members of American Indian tribes United States citizenship. B The United States Congress saw treaties as the best way to promote American Indian economic development. C Federal officials desired to encourage the adoption of White American lifestyles by American Indians.

c

Settlement house work as described by Muncy had the most in common with women's activism during which of the following earlier periods? C The two decades following the American Revolution D The Second Great Awakening in the first half of the 1800s

d

In the speech, Lease was reacting primarily to the problems faced by which of the following groups? A Bankers B Southern European migrants C Farmers

c

All of the following contributed to the decline of open-range cattle ranching at the end of the nineteenth century EXCEPT A excessively cold winters B federal recognition of American Indian land claims

b

The "temporary unequal distribution of wealth" that Carnegie refers to in the excerpt resulted most directly from the A growth of cities in both size and number B consolidation of corporations into trusts and holding companies

b

"Competition is a law of nature . . . and can no more be done away with than gravitation. . . . [I]f we do not like survival of the fittest, we have only one possible alternative, survival of the unfittest. The former is the law of civilization, the latter is the law of anti-civilization." The quote above is an example of which of the following schools of thought? A Dialectical materialism B Utopian socialism C Social Darwinism

c

In the last half of the nineteenth century, the New South advocates supported A elimination of convict leasing B expansion of southern industry

b

Which of the following most directly contributed to the overall trend depicted in the graph? A Global fluctuations in credit and stock markets B The transformation of the United States into an industrial society

b

Which of the following groups would most likely agree with the quote above? C New York City financiers D Midwestern farmers

d

According to historian Frederick Jackson Turner, a key factor in the development of American individualism and democracy was D the Civil War E the frontier

e

Which of the following developments helps to explain the change in agriculture depicted in the graph? A The extraction of western resources led to the growth of new towns and cities that demanded agricultural goods. B The growth of an internal slave trade provided an enlarged workforce whose labor helped increase agricultural production.

a

Which of the following developments helps to explain the rise in exports from the West Coast depicted in the graph? A An expansion in the railroad network led to greater access of western farmers to eastern markets. B The decline in bison populations created higher demand for fruit and sugar from the West Coast.

a

The excerpt best reflects which of the following economic developments in the late 1800s? A The growth in support for government regulation of the economy B The consolidation of power over the economy by business leaders

b

These sentiments are most characteristic of A transcendentalism B pragmatism C the Gospel of Wealth

c

The perspective expressed in the excerpt most directly supported the national expansion of C exams for civil service jobs D access to higher education

d

All of the following account for nativist sentiment against the "new immigrants" of the late nineteenth century EXCEPT that the immigrants d were not familiar with the United States political system E dominate the professions of law, medicine, and engineering

e

All of the following were objectives of W.E.B. DuBois EXCEPT D cooperation with White people in obtaining Black progress E the implementation of Booker T. Washington's program for Black progress

e

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, southern state governments used all of the following methods to restrict African American freedoms EXCEPT D grandfather clauses E restrictive housing covenants

e

In the late nineteenth-century United States, farmers sought federal relief from distress caused by D excise taxes on agricultural products E discriminatory freight rates

e

Which of the following constitutes a significant change in the treatment of American Indians during the last half of the nineteenth century? D The admission of all American Indians to the full rights of United States citizenship E The division of the tribal lands among individual members

e

Which of the following is a difference between White's and Hahn's claims in the excerpts about how American Indian societies changed in the late 1800s? A White claims that reservations reduced American Indian autonomy from the United States, while Hahn claims reservations could be used to resist federal encroachment. B White argues that federal supervision of American Indians decreased, while Hahn argues that the United States came to control all aspects of their lives on reservations.

a

Which of the following most directly supports Blight's argument in the excerpt? A The Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson B The election of seventeen African Americans to Congress between 1869 and 1877

a

Which of the following was a long-term development that contributed to the change in Chinese immigration depicted in the graph between 1875 and 1885 ? A Chinese laborers competed with White laborers for jobs and mineral wealth during the 1850s and 1860s. B Chinese recruits were used to replace White soldiers in the Union army during the Civil War.

a

Based on their claims in the excerpts, Washington and Pillow would most likely have taken different positions on which of the following social questions in the 1800s? A Can African Americans continue to be employed in agricultural work? B Should immigrants be used to diversify the southern industrial labor force?

b

Lease's views best reflect the influence of which of the following developments in social and political movements in the 1890s? A Increased calls for radical overthrow of the federal government B Rising grassroots challenges to the dominant economic system

b

The conflict between the Sioux nation and the United States was primarily driven by differing A styles of farming B claims to land

b

The fulfillment of advice such as that in the excerpt most directly contributed to which of the following in the late nineteenth century? A The economic decline and depopulation of eastern cities B Competition for resources among White settlers and American Indians

b

The point of view expressed in the excerpt could best be used to support which of the following historical arguments about the late 1800s? A Manufacturing workers blamed business leaders for class conflict in society. B Reformers sought to use religion to reduce discord between workers and employers.

b

Which of the following best accounts for the curve on the graph above depicting immigration to the United States from Asia, Africa and the Americas between 1882 and 1900? A Rapid expansion of the British Empire into the Southern Hemisphere B Restrictive congressional legislation

b

Which of the following can best be concluded about the late 1800s based on the situation in which the excerpt was produced? A Industrialists focused on establishing international markets for their products. B People debated the best means for expanding educational opportunities.

b

Which of the following developments best explains the reasons for the growth of a new urban culture in the late 1800s? A Ideas and definitions of citizenship changed and became more inclusive. B International and internal migration increased urban populations and brought diverse people to cities.

b

Which of the following is a similarity between White's and Hahn's overall arguments in the excerpts about interactions between American Indians and the United States in the late 1800s? A Both argue that the United States government desired to recognize the sovereignty of American Indians. B Both claim that United States officials sought to restrict the authority of tribes over individuals.

b

Which of the following pieces of historical evidence would best modify the overall argument of the excerpt? A Political machines engaged in active campaigns to naturalize new Irish immigrants as citizens. B Some urban areas with large Irish populations did not develop Irish-dominated political machines.

b

Which of the following was a difference between the immigration from 1865 to 1895 depicted in the graph and immigration in the 1840s and 1850s? A More immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s sought factory work than did the immigrants who arrived between 1865 and 1895. B More immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s arrived with cultural practices similar to those of Americans than did the immigrants who arrived between 1865 and 1895.

b

Women working in settlement houses such as Hull House initially sought to help A formerly enslaved men and women adjust to life after slavery B immigrants adapt to American customs and language

b

"Every contract, combination in form of trust orotherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade orcommerce in any territory of the United States . . .is hereby declared illegal." The passage above was most effectively used forwhich purpose in the late nineteenth century? A Supporting the goals of Social Darwinists B Restricting the power of monopolies and trusts C Limiting the power of labor unions

c

At the end of the nineteenth century, the desire of American business to control supplies of raw materials led to C vertical integration D development of the factory system E development of the putting-out system

c

Evidence in the excerpt can best be used to support which of the following arguments about the historical situation of South after the Civil War? c Some Southern leaders promoted industrialization as progress. D Northern politicians hindered the economic recovery of the South.

c

The People's (Populist) Party emerged most directly in response to which of the following late-nineteenth-century trends? B The influx of migrants from Asia and southern and eastern Europe C The growth of corporate power in agriculture and the economy

c

The chart above supports which of the following conclusions regarding economic conditions in the United States during the last third of the nineteenth century? A Americans with relatively stable incomes found it increasingly difficult to make ends meet. B Wheat farming became more lucrative. C Many American farmers struggled financially.

c

The excerpt best reflects which of the following economic developments in the late 1800s? C The increase in wealth inequality in United States society D The reduction in conflict between managers and workers

c

The excerpt best serves as evidence for which of the following developments in the late 1800s? A The impact of the construction of transcontinental railroads on United States commerce B The growing support for labor unions among the owners of corporations C The emergence of arguments that wealthy people had a moral obligation to help society

c

Which of the following arguments about the United States economy during the Gilded Age could the historical situation of the excerpt best be used to support? B The increased adoption of the division of labor harmed the living standards of most Americans. C Economic changes produced debates over how to organize the national economy.

c

Which of the following best explains a connection between the economic development of the West in the mid-1800s and in the late 1800s? c In both periods, the he expansion and improvement of railroads facilitated transportation in the West. D In both periods, the he federal government encouraged immigrants from abroad to settle in the West.

c

Which of the following describes a similarity between Washington's and Pillow's arguments in the excerpts? A Both hold that plantation owners exhibit hostility toward formerly enslaved laborers. B Both argue that hiring immigrant workers would be cheaper than hiring native-born workers. C Both believe that southern progress and prosperity depend on addressing a question of labor.

c

Which of the following helps to explain the development of railroad transportation as depicted in the graph? A Growth of support from farmers for the business practices of railroads B Forced relocation of American Indians to work as railroad laborers C Distribution of federal government subsidies to railroad corporations

c

Which of the following was a response to both immigration in the 1850s and the immigration depicted in the graph? A Immigrants were provided social support in settlement houses. B Immigrants were restricted from gaining the right to vote in elections. C Nativists advocated against the continued arrival of immigrants.

c

Which of the following was a result of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ? A It encouraged cooperative landownership among American Indians. B American Indians in the West led attacks on United States forts. C American Indians lost control of millions of acres of land.

c

Which of the following was true of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ? A It created American Indian reservations for the first time. B It was intended to recognize the contributions of American Indian peoples. C It eliminated most tribal land ownership in favor of ownership by individuals.

c

Which of the following was true of the South in the post-Civil War period? A A large immigrant population moved to the region. B Big business and railroads came to dominate the Southern economy just as they did in the North. C Landowners widely adopted sharecropping and tenant farming.

c

Which of the following was typical of agreements such as the Fort Laramie Treaty between the United States government and American Indians in the post-Civil War West? A They frequently led to the formation of a common interest between the United States government and American Indians in controlling the activities of White settlers. B They generally led to the formation of strong, independent American Indian nations. C They usually lasted a short time before being broken by settlers' incursions onto American Indian reservations.

c

Access to natural resources for businesses changed from the mid-1800s to the late 1800s most directly as a result of which of the following factors? C The emergence of new scientific theories such as evolution D The expansion of communication systems such as the electric telegraph

d

Frederick Jackson Turner's theory emphasized the significance of the frontier for all of the following reasons EXCEPT: D The western frontier had land that could be distributed to former slaves. E The frontier was a safety valve for the excess population of eastern cities.

d

The point of view of the excerpt could best be used by a historian to support the claim that the concept of the New South c fulfilled the goals of racial equality in the Reconstruction amendments D embodied the embrace of Northern models of society

d

The practices of big-business leaders in the late 1800s best reflect which of the following actions illustrated by the excerpt? C Big-business leaders supported government efforts to lessen the effects of depressions. D Big-business leaders used their influence to facilitate rapid economic growth.

d

Which of the following arguments about Southern society in the late 1800s could the excerpt's point of view best be used to support? C Southern African Americans secured new constitutional rights and opportunities. D Southern politicians promoted economic integration with the North.

d

Which of the following arguments about society during the Gilded Age could Gladden's purpose in the excerpt best be used to support? C Agrarian reformers commonly used religious metaphors to connect with common farmers. D Advocates of the Social Gospel emphasized putting religious principles into practice in society.

d

Which of the following contexts best explains the construction of transcontinental railroads in the late 1800s? C Conflicts between the North and the South drove their economic development in different directions. D Large-scale industrial production brought business consolidation and the needed capital to support railroad construction.

d

Which of the following contributed to reducing the conflict that article 11 and similar provisions of other treaties were designed to address? C The implementation of government conservation policies that protected large areas of public land D The destruction of nearly the entire population of buffalo

d

Which of the following describes a difference between Washington's and Pillow's arguments in the excerpts? Pillow advocates against labor strikes by southern agricultural workers, while Washington advocates that African American agricultural workers should strike until immigration is halted. D Pillow proposes that immigrant laborers should be recruited to work in agriculture, while Washington proposes that African Americans should be recruited instead.

d

Which of the following most accurately describes a group who acted on ideas such as those in the excerpt? C Southern European immigrants seeking opportunity in urban areas D Northern European immigrants pursuing mining, farming, and ranching

d

Which of the following pieces of historical evidence would best modify the claim in the last paragraph of the excerpt? C Radical Republicans passed a law that allowed for federal supervision of local elections and the prosecution of voter fraud. D Some Democratic political machines continued Republican fiscal policies that limited spending on patronage jobs.

d

Which of the following pieces of historical evidence would support the overall argument in the excerpt? C Political factionalism among Irish voters in Boston in the 1890s discouraged the formation of a Democratic political machine. D People of Irish descent in New York City registered to vote at a higher rate than their proportion of the population in the 1890s.

d

Which of the following policies would Carnegie most likely have supported? C Increased regulation of corporations D Laissez-faire economics

d

Which of the following historical contexts contributed most directly to the diplomatic development represented in the excerpt? A The extension of United States influence into the Pacific B The declining influence of European powers in East Asia

a

African Americans who fled the violence of the Reconstruction South in 1879 and 1880 to start anew in Kansas were known as A exodusters B homesteaders

a

The 1896 Supreme Court decision Plessy v. Ferguson did which of the following? A Upheld segregated railroad facilities. B Declared civil rights legislation unconstitutional.

a

The Dawes Act (1887) did which of the following? A Divided Native American tribal lands into individual holdings. B Promoted the preservation of Native American cultural identity.

a

The Ghost Dance, a religious movement that developed in the late nineteenth century, emerged from which of the following? A American Indians' distress over loss of tribal authority B African Americans' efforts to cope with Jim Crow laws

a

The creation of libraries in the late 1800s as described in the excerpt best reflects which of the following developments? A Attempts to provide opportunities for people to fill their leisure time B Challenges to the system of settlement houses in major cities

a

The decisions of the Supreme Court in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries generally did which of the following? A Strengthened the position of big business. B Strengthened the regulatory powers of the federal government.

a

The intent of the Dawes Act of 1887 was to A assimilate American Indians into the mainstream of American culture B recognize and preserve the tribal cultures of American Indians

a

Which of the following best explains a connection between the economic productivity of the United States in the mid-1800s and in the late 1800s? A The application of new technologies expanded large-scale industrial manufacturing. B Labor unions sought to improve conditions in factories and wages for workers.

a

Which of the following developments best explains changes in agricultural production in the United States during the 1880s and 1890s? A New systems of transportation integrated farming into national markets. B Farmers established new plantations for commercial crops such as cotton and tobacco.

a

Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the Populist Party? A Sharecroppers B Industrialists

a

Article 6 of the treaty most likely reflected which of the following sentiments? A A desire by many American Indians to change their way of life B A hope held by some in government that American Indians would adopt lifestyles similar to the lifestyles of White settlers C A need felt by many American Indians to more clearly legitimize their claims to the lan

b

Between 1870 and 1900, farmers did all of the following in an attempt to better their condition EXCEPT A seek state regulation of railways B limit production of crops

b

The cartoon suggests that the disparate groups that favored the People's (Populist) Party typically shared which of the following? A The idea that wealthy people had some obligation to help people living in poverty B Belief in a stronger federal government role in the United States economic system

b

The excerpts above appeared in the platform of which of the following political parties? A American Party B Greenback Labor Party C Populist Party

c

People who agreed with the argument made in the speech would most likely have recommended which of the following solutions? C Reduced government involvement in the economy in order to create more competition D A stronger government role in the economic system

d

Which of the following best describes the overarching goals of the Populist Party in the late nineteenth century? C Social and political reform guided by the idea of the survival of the fittest D Cooperative democracy and a stronger governmental role in the economic system

d

"In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." The statement above expressed the ideas of s D Theodore Roosevelt E Booker T. Washington

e