Personal Health -- Ch 8: Heart Disease and Stroke

Which of the following statements are true regarding the use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs)?

AED training is offered through the American Red Cross. AED courses last about three or four hours and include hands-on practice.

Many obstacles exist preventing people from calling 9-1-1 in a medical emergency. Which of the following are reasons people delay seeking emergency help?

They seek medical advice from their family or physician first. They wait to see if the symptoms go away. They are in denial of having a heart attack/stroke.

Which of the following statements are true of coronary heart disease (CHD)?

It is the leading cause of death among women aged 65 years and older. Prevalence of this disease is lower among Hispanics and Asians than among Whites.

Which of the following are the warning signs of a stroke?

Trouble seeing in one or both eyes Trouble speaking Loss of coordination

What happens to the arteries when plaque accumulates inside them?

They become less elastic. They become thick.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) occurs when blood supply to the heart muscle is partially or completely blocked due to atherosclerotic narrowing of _____.

coronary arteries

A condition in which the major arteries of the heart are narrowed or blocked is called

coronary heart disease.

In blood pressure measurement, _____ reflects the lowest pressure during the relaxation phase following a contraction.

diastolic pressure

True or false: Physical inactivity rarely results in the development of atherosclerosis.

false

A chronic elevation of blood pressure is called _____.

hypertension

In blood pressure measurement, _____ reflects the highest pressure in the arteries as the heart contracts.

systolic pressure

True or false: Moderate alcohol consumption has been shown to reduce coronary heart disease risk by elevating HDL cholesterol.

true

Hypertension is defined as a systolic pressure at rest that averages _____ mm Hg or higher, a diastolic pressure at rest that averages _____ mm Hg or higher, or both.

130; 80

Which of the following are true statements about the 2010 AHA recommendations for performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the event of cardiac arrest?

CPR begins with chest compressions. The recommendations apply to adults, children, and infants.

Which of the following statements are true of coronary angioplasty?

It is faster than bypass surgeries. It is less invasive than bypass surgeries.

Identify the warning signs of a stroke.

Paralysis or numbness of face Severe headache

Which of the following are modifiable risk factors for heart disease and stroke?

Smoking High blood cholesterol High blood pressure

Coronary heart disease is usually caused by

atherosclerosis.

High blood cholesterol is a total cholesterol level of _____ or LDL cholesterol level of ≥190 mg/dL as measured from a blood sample.

≥240 mg/dL

The general term encompassing a broad array of diseases of the heart and blood vessels is

cardiovascular disease.

The medical term for stroke is _____ because the disorder affects the blood vessels to the brain.

cerebrovascular accident

A total blood cholesterol value equal to or greater than _____ mg/dL is defined as high blood cholesterol.

240

Which of the following are nonmodifiable risk factors for heart disease and stroke?

Age Heredity Gender

What is the process in which the inner layers of arteries become irregular and thick due to accumulation of plaque?

Atherosclerosis

How does cigarette smoking increase the chances of heart disease?

By reducing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the body By reducing the amount of oxygen carried in the blood

What is the leading cause of death in the U.S.?

Cardiovascular disease

What are the steps to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) according to the 2010 guidelines from the American Heart Association?

Compressions, Airway, Breathing

Since the 1960s, which of the following procedures has been the gold standard for determining the degree of blockage in the coronary arteries?

Coronary angiography

_____ is performed by inserting a tiny tube into an artery in the arm or leg and guiding it to the heart, where a dye is released and X-rays are taken.

Coronary angiography

_____ is a catheter-based procedure that is performed to open up a blocked coronary artery and restore blood flow to the heart muscle.

Coronary angioplasty

Which surgical procedure for atherosclerosis consists of grafting vessels taken from another part of the body (e.g., vein from leg or artery from chest wall) to a coronary artery and the aorta?

Coronary artery bypass graft

Which surgical procedure for atherosclerosis is commonly referred to as "bypass surgery"?

Coronary artery bypass graft

Identify the most common types of cardiovascular disease.

Coronary heart disease Stroke

Although not considered major risk factors for heart disease and stroke, which of the following are known to contribute to one's risk for cardiovascular disease?

Drinking too much alcohol. Having an explosive temper.

True or false: In the context of the effects of cigarette smoking, secondhand smoke is not as harmful as smoking.

False

Symptoms of this type of stroke are similar to those of an ischemic stroke, but in addition, sudden severe headache, nausea, and vomiting are also common.

Hemorrhagic stroke

Which of the following are the causes of cardiovascular deaths?

High blood pressure Peripheral arterial disease

Prevention of cardiovascular disease involves modifying six major risk factors. Which of the following risk factors can be modified?

Hypertension Obesity Inactivity Cigarette smoking

Which of the following are important to note when communicating with paramedics and emergency room teams when dealing with another person's medical emergency?

If the person has medical conditions The symptoms Any drugs the person takes When the symptoms began

Which of the following statements are true of coronary heart disease (CHD)?

It is the single largest killer of American males and females. It is sometimes referred to as coronary artery disease.

Which of the following statements regarding the behavioral approach to treat atherosclerosis are correct?

It may be utilized in association with the pharmacological approach. It often involves lifestyle modification. It targets modifiable risk factors.

True or false: Two out of three people who have heart attacks experience warning signs up to a few weeks beforehand.

true

Which of the following is not a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

Low sodium food

Identify a true statement about coronary heart disease (CHD).

Men develop this disease 10 years earlier than women on average.

The most recognizable symptom of a heart attack includes chest pain that may spread to which other areas of the body?

Neck Jaw Both arms Back

Which of the following are the results of inactivity combined with overeating?

Obesity Diabetes

Which of the following would be an example of the behavioral approach of treating cardiovascular disease?

Smoking cessation

What is the purpose of an automated external defibrillator (AED)?

To restore a regular heart rhythm to people in cardiac arrest.

Symptoms such as sudden numbness, weakness, or paralysis of the face, arm or leg on one side of the body; sudden confusion; difficulty speaking; loss of vision; and loss of balance/coordination are indicative of:

ischemic stroke

A true statement about a stroke is that _____.

it occurs when an artery to the brain becomes blocked

The term atherosclerosis is derived from the Greek words "athero" and "sclerosis." Athero means ______, and sclerosis means ______.

paste; hardness

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of patchy deposits inside the arteries. These deposits are collectively referred to as _____.

plaque