Personal Health Final Study Guide
One standard drink equals
12 ounces of beer or 1.5 ounces of 80 proof liquor.
What is the percentage of alcohol in 100 proof whiskey?
50 percent
What percentage of a person's body weight is water?
50 to 70 percent
You wake up in the middle of the night with excruciating pain behind your left eye. After about 90 minutes, it disappears. You most likely have experienced
A cluster headache
A bias-motivated crime is
A hate crime
Which of the following statements about dietary supplements is true?
A majority of Americans takes at least one dietary supplement.
Which of the following statements about road safety is true?
Alcohol plays a significant role in bicycle fatalities.
Molecules that are the building blocks of protein are
Amino Acids
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning emotional health?
An emotionally healthy person keeps feelings inside to avoid burdening others.
A woman goes to the emergency room. She tells the nurse that after carrying several loads of laundry up a flight of stairs she is having chest pain and a sensation she describes as her heart being crushed. Which condition is she likely experiencing?
Angina Pectoris
A substance that triggers an immune response is a(n)
Antigen
All of the following are considered repetitive motion disorders EXCEPT
Arthritis
Which of the following statements about the role of gender in sleep is true?
As compared to women, men are less likely to seek help for sleep disorders.
Which of the following statements about aging is TRUE?
At least 10% of America's senior citizens live in poverty.
Silvio wants to eat a healthy lunch in the college dining hall. Which of the following choices is the BEST thing he can order?
Baked potato with salsa
Ralph is 73 years old, and has recently been diagnosed with terminal pancreatic cancer. After being unable to sleep, he sits up in bed and pleads silently with God to allow him to live long enough to witness the birth of his first grandchild. Which stage of the Kübler-Ross model is Ralph experiencing?
Bargaining
Which of the following is TRUE about environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)?
Between 1988 and 2008, detectable levels of nicotine exposure in nonsmokers decreased.
Which of the following is a social contributor to sexual violence?
Blaming the victim
Which of the following conditions involves inflammation and eventual scarring of the lining of the bronchial tubes?
Bronchitis
Which of the following is NOT true about alcohol absorption?
Carbonated alcoholic beverages are absorbed less rapidly than those containing no sparkling additives.
Your grandfather is having blurred vision in his right eye due to clouding of the lens. To improve his vision, he would need which type of surgery?
Cataract
What substance is not soluble in water, is derived from animal-based foods and synthesized by the body, and while circulating in the blood, can accumulate on the inner walls of arteries and restrict blood flow?
Cholesterol
Which of the following actions helps maintain a sleep-promoting environment?
Cleanliness: Wash your sheets and other bedding regularly, and get rid of clutter
What type of proteins contain all nine essential amino acids?
Complete
A set fee that an insurance plan requires that patients pay at the time of service (per office visit or prescription) is the
Copayment
Adelaide was rushed into surgery after a scan revealed perforation of her small intestine and internal bleeding. Her diagnosis is most likely
Crohn's Disease
A condition in which a person experiences a depletion of body fluids is
Dehydration
Over-the-counter drugs are commonly used for all of the following EXCEPT
Diabetes
Peter recently ended a relationship when he found out his partner was cheating on him. This probably caused
Distress
As a student seeking a healthy diet, which of the following tips is NOT recommended when eating fast food?
Eat salads and add all available food options.
If you know you will be at an event where alcohol will be served, what can you do to drink responsibly?
Eat shortly before you go and alternate alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks.
Risk factors for chronic lower respiratory disease include all of the following EXCEPT
Eating Disorders
Which of the following represents the primary difference between emotional health and mental health?
Emotional health deals with feelings rather than thought processes.
Which of the following is TRUE of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Failure to meet a lower-level need will interfere with fulfilling higher-level needs.
A disabled person can never achieve the highest level of wellness.
False
A family history of heart disease has a much greater influence on heart-disease risk than factors such as an unhealthful diet, smoking, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and a high stress level.
False
A locavore is someone who makes a point of eating out in his or her own neighborhood.
False
Almost all psychoactive drugs work by increasing the brain's production of neurotransmitters.
False
Although Martha drinks an herbal tea at night formulated to support healthy sleep, the botanicals in this tea would not meet the definition of a drug.
False
Amy contracted the flu. Getting a flu shot now is wise, because it will enable her body to attack and eliminate the flu virus in her system
False
An alcoholic beverage that is 80 proof would be 20 percent alcohol by volume.
False
An optometrist holds a medical degree and can perform eye surgery.
False
An osteopath (D.O) does not complete the same level of training as a physician who is an M.D.
False
Asthma is an allergic reaction to specific types of pollen.
False
Behavioral therapy focuses on changing a person's habitual attitudes to become more positive and productive.
False
COPD includes all chronic lung diseases, including asthma.
False
Cigarettes made with ground cloves deliver lower levels of tar and carbon monoxide than regular cigarettes.
False
Cigars are less of a health risk than cigarettes.
False
College students tend to underestimate the extent of drug use on campus.
False
College students who smoke are more likely to have lower levels of perceived stress than nonsmokers.
False
Deep breathing is a technique used in yoga but not in other mind-body practices.
False
Depressants speed up neuromuscular activity and can increase focus and alertness.
False
Disability-adjusted life years is a measure of the difference between age at premature death and average life expectancy.
False
Emotional health is the same as intellectual health.
False
Even 15 years after smoking, the risk of death from lung cancer is twice the risk of people who never smoked.
False
Experts advise that, if you are approached by a potential assailant, you should not make eye contact.
False
Food allergy and food intolerance mean the same thing.
False
Gerontologists recommend that people over age 65 meet their micronutrient needs by taking a dietary supplement especially formulated for seniors.
False
Healthy life expectancy is another term for life span
False
If you return home to find that your residence has been broken into, you should check every room to see what is missing before calling the police.
False
In the last decade, cardiovascular disease mortality rates have improved by just 3%.
False
Interacting with people who are different as if they were intrinsically inferior is known as stereotyping.
False
It costs more to eat a nutrient-dense diet than to eat a nutrient-poor diet.
False
Jet lag occurs because travelers take frequent naps while flying.
False
Mixing alcohol with energy drinks reduces the level of alcohol impairment.
False
Most fast food chains do not offer nutritional analyses of their food.
False
Multitasking is an effective time-management strategy.
False
Naps are most effective for improving alertness if they are longer than 30 minutes.
False
Nutritional supplements would not be advised for alcohol-dependent individuals.
False
One of MyPlate's key messages is to consume seafood once a week.
False
Oral sex carries no risk for STIs.
False
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) occurs in both males and females as a result of certain STIs.
False
Psychoneuroimmunology studies the effects of disease on emotional health.
False
Pubic lice are protozoa transmitted through sexual contact.
False
REM sleep restores the body
False
Restless leg syndrome is an extremely rare disorder, affecting less than 0.5 percent of the U.S. population.
False
Sarcopenia is an age-related decline in respiratory capacity.
False
Self-efficacy is the same as self-esteem.
False
Sexual harassment is carried out only by people who are in positions of power.
False
Short-duration sleep lowers a person's risk for cardiovascular disease.
False
Some research suggests that chronic stress can suppress the amygdala, causing the individual to become passive and apathetic.
False
Substance abuse decreases the risk of both homicide and suicide.
False
Thanatology is the study of life after death.
False
The Affordable Care Act was fully implemented in 2010.
False
The U.S. Public Health Service categorizes injuries resulting from violence as either intentional or accidental.
False
The United States has the third highest life expectancy of any country in the world.
False
The life expectancy of a child born in 2016 is nearly 20 years longer than that of a child born in 1900.
False
The majority of nighttime sleep is spent in REM sleep.
False
The only reliable treatment for insomnia is prescription sleeping pills.
False
The organs from a single cadaver can be used for only one living person.
False
The placebo effect is the disappearance of symptoms without any apparent reason or treatment.
False
Under the Affordable Care Act (ACA), an insurer can impose an annual limit on coverage.
False
Which of the following statements about college drinking is TRUE?
Female college students' alcohol consumption is close to that of male college students
One medium fruit serving is about the size of a(n)
Fist
The chief function of this mineral in the body is to make teeth resistant to decay and bones resistant to mineral loss.
Fluoride
The body converts all forms of simple sugars into which of the following substances to provide energy to cells?
Glucose
An emotional reaction to a significant loss is
Grief
Which of the following statements about Alzheimer's disease is FALSE?
If caught early, its progression can be stopped.
Which of the following statements about the physical changes of aging is TRUE?
In older men and women, the brain decreases in size.
Over the past five decades, daily calorie consumption by Americans has
Increased significantly
Which of the following statements is accurate about urinary incontinence?
Infections and medications are common causes of urinary incontinence.
Which of the following is TRUE about routes of drug administration?
Intravenous injection is the most dangerous method of administration.
The most common nutrient deficiency in the world is
Iron deficiency
What role does exposure to sunlight during the day play in improving sleep?
It helps to regulate the circadian rhythm
Which of the following statements about nicotine is TRUE?
It is a powerful central nervous system stimulant.
Which of the following is TRUE about primary aggression?
It is goal-directed, hostile self-assertion that is destructive in nature.
Which of the following is FALSE about fiber?
It is the digestible portion of plant foods.
Before leaving for a party, Kristina took two "100% percent pure caffeine" pills containing 200 mg caffeine each. Which of the following is likely to happen at the party?
Kristina is likely to drink much more heavily than she would have if she had not taken the caffeine pills.
In the United States, which of the following factors does NOT affect most people's choices about dietary intake?
Limited food supply
Due to the differences in training, an osteopathic physician would probably have more experience dealing with which condition than a medical doctor?
Low back pain
Which of the following statements about diversity in America is true?
More than one-third of young Millennials are religiously unaffiliated.
Which of the following is TRUE about gambling addictions?
Most compulsive gamblers seek a high from the excitement even more than from money.
The cultural practice of waiting a year after the death of a spouse to begin dating is an example of
Mourning
Which of the following statements is NOT true about costs in the U.S. health care system?
New technologies are lowering costs
What substance in cigarettes is a highly addictive stimulant?
Nicotine
Cultural beliefs that can be considered societal causes of violence include
Objectifying Women
Which of the following is true about drug abuse treatment?
Only 10% of Americans addicted to drugs or alcohol receive treatment.
Vimala suffers from chronic low back pain. Her doctor will most likely prescribe all of the following treatments EXCEPT
Opioid Pain Relievers
In a clinical trial for a new pain medication, Hayden was given an inactive substance instead of an actual drug. After taking it, however, his headache improved. This resulted from the
Placebo effect
Before the Affordable Care Act, if you had a history of back problems and needed health insurance, it was unlikely that your new insurance plan would cover any treatment related to your back problems until the policy had been in effect for a period of time. Your back problem was considered a(n)
Pre-existing condition
Which of the following is TRUE about ethnoviolence and hate crimes?
Prejudice and discrimination are always at the base of hate crimes and ethnoviolence.
Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that prescription drug abuse is so common?
Prescription drugs have few side effects.
Which of the following is NOT one of the psychological stages of dying according to the Kübler-Ross model?
Resistance
According to the PERMA model, which of the following strategies is most likely to enhance your well-being?
Set realistic goals and pursue them with effort.
Which of the following is TRUE about marital rape?
Several states may treat marital rape as a lesser crime.
Monica was president of the local chapter of Future Business Leaders of America during her senior year. After Monica was diagnosed with an aggressive form of lymphoma, her classmates stopped talking about their career plans in front of her. Monica was experiencing
Social Death
Social and cultural factors that increase the likelihood of violence include all of the following EXCEPT
Social Support
The mineral necessary for the regulation of blood and body fluids is
Sodium
A type of headache experienced occasionally by up to 80 percent of the population is the
Tension Headache
The average healthy adult heart beats 70-80 beats per minute. A lower heart rate of 60 might indicate that
The individual is very fit
Of the following, which factor is NOT a reason people become involved in gangs?
To get away from controlling parents
A characteristic of addiction is loss of control, which typically leads directly to negative consequences.
True
A woman who miscarries early in her pregnancy may experience disenfranchised grief.
True
According to Worden's model, the grief work process includes four developmental tasks that a person must complete to cope with the situation and move on with his or her life.
True
Advertising for cigarettes targets specific groups in society.
True
After a patient in hospice has died, providers continue to care for the bereaved family members.
True
Aggression is more likely to occur during times of acute stress.
True
Alcohol intoxication increases the risk of having unprotected sex.
True
All U.S. patients have the legal right to access their medical records.
True
Alzheimer's disease is a form of dementia.
True
An unintentional injury is one in which the injury happens due to circumstances, without a deliberate intent to inflict harm.
True
Any one dimension of psychological health can affect the others.
True
Being able to perform activities of daily living is an aspect of physical health.
True
Blood that has picked up oxygen in the lungs travels through the pulmonary vein back to the heart.
True
Cardiovascular disease has been identified as a health consequence of chronic stress.
True
Changes in biochemistry due to drug abuse can trigger mental disturbances.
True
Consumption of alcohol is the number-one cause of preventable death among U.S. college students.
True
Current research suggests that being happy or unhappy has no direct effect on mortality.
True
Cutting or self-mutilation can be a sign of borderline personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, or an anxiety disorder.
True
Dietary supplements are not regulated like other food and drug products
True
Emphysema involves difficulty fully exhaling stale air from the lungs.
True
Essential oils are an eco-friendly alternative to commercial air fresheners.
True
Even a full year after a tornado struck their town, community residents were at increased risk for traumatic stress.
True
Genetics may play a role in asthma development.
True
HIV can be transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
True
Hate crimes sometimes occur because the perpetrator is retaliating for a perceived insult, unfairness, or slight.
True
Health insurance is based on the idea that policyholders pay affordable premiums so they never have to face catastrophic medical bills.
True
If a friend passes out and cannot be roused after drinking heavily for hours, you should call 9-1-1.
True
In the United States, about 20 percent of the population suffers from excessive daytime sleepiness.
True
In theory, allopathic medicine is based on scientifically validated methods and procedures.
True
Iron deficiency anemia is characterized by feeling tired and run down.
True
Keeping in touch with your best friend from high school is one way of enhancing your social health
True
Laughter may increase endorphin levels.
True
Many older people engage in regular sexual activity.
True
Marijuana use may forestall the loss of lean muscle mass associated with AIDS.
True
Nearly 2 percent of all college students report that they had attempted to kill themselves in the past year.
True
One of the goals of the Healthy People 2020 public health initiative is to create social and physical environments that promote health.
True
One reason that methadone maintenance is controversial is that it can be addictive.
True
People with major depression experience physical effects such as sleep disturbance as well as persistent sadness and despair
True
Prescription drug abuse has increased dramatically among college students over the past 10 years.
True
Proper use of a condom during sexual activity does not guarantee protection against STIs
True
Psychologically healthy people take time to enjoy and appreciate their surroundings.
True
Regular self-care should include learning about health from reliable health care publications, including websites.
True
Requesting an x-ray when it is unnecessary but the patient demands it would be considered defensive medicine.
True
Research links climate change to increased rates of vector-borne infectious disease.
True
Simple sugars provide short-term energy.
True
Sleep deficiencies have been linked to seven of the fifteen leading causes of death in the United States.
True
Stress can have positive health effects.
True
Stroke fatality rates have declined by nearly one-third since 2004.
True
Substance abuse disorders can be easily identified through brief screenings in clinical settings.
True
The data on the Facts Up Front panel on a food package is derived from the product's Nutrition Facts label.
True
The human variant of mad cow disease can develop in a person who has eaten meat from infected cows
True
The longer you sleep, the more time you spend in REM sleep.
True
The most common cause of hip fractures is falling.
True
The three phases of the general adaptation syndrome are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
True
There is a strong association between abuse of pets and abuse of family members.
True
Treatment for influenza is only palliative.
True
Two high-risk behaviors associated with the development of HIV/AIDS are having unprotected sex and sharing needles.
True
When communicating across differences, it helps to begin by committing to mutual civility and respect.
True
When trying to drive less aggressively, Bekka observed her family and friends' more careful driving, reflected on what she observed, and changed her driving accordingly. This is an example of the social cognitive model of behavior change.
True
Withdrawal and tolerance are key aspects of addiction.
True
Women are more likely than men to "tend and befriend" in response to stress.
True
Older adults should participate in muscle-strengthening exercise at least
Twice a week
Violet suffered multiple fractures after her car was hit by a truck driven by a drowsy driver on his way home from a night shift. Violet experienced
Unintentional Injury
A person who avoids all foods and food products of animal origin, including dairy and eggs, is a
Vegan
The MyPlate graphic encourages Americans to make which of the following food groups the largest portion of their plate at each meal?
Vegetables
Which of the following vitamins is readily excreted from the body in urine and unlikely to develop to toxic levels?
Vitamin C
You cannot believe that you seem to have come down with the flu while vacationing at a peaceful resort on a lake. The only downside to the beautiful location is having to constantly apply mosquito repellant to fend off the annoying bugs. The illness you most likely have is
West Nile virus.
Which of the following is TRUE about the cycle of intimate partner violence?
Women who have experienced the cycle more than once tend to develop battered woman syndrome
Which of the following is TRUE with respect to the health effects of smoking?
Women who smoke are more likely to have fertility problems than non-smokers.
Rob is a chief executive officer at a technology company. He is overweight and has borderline high blood pressure. When his physician advises regular physical activity, Rob replies that he is too busy to exercise. Of the following addictions, which is Rob MOST likely
Work addiction
Jo has been seeing a stress-management counselor since she moved to a new city to attend college. Which of the following is the most likely recommendation of the counselor?
Work to maintain healthy relationships with family members and old friends, while also cultivating new sources of social support.
You woke up this morning with the worst headache of your life, and you feel nauseated. Your neck feels so stiff that you can hardly nod your head. Your roommate says your skin is very hot and you probably have a fever. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
You have signs of meningitis. Both you and your roommate should go to the health clinic immediately
A substance intended to affect the structure or function of the body or mind through chemical action is
a drug
Garrett became very ill with an E.coli infection while living on his grandfather's dairy farm last summer. He could have been infected in all of the following ways EXCEPT
a mosquito bite
Which of the following living environments would likely increase your chances of suffering from seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?
a northern state that experiences long winter nights
Marcella has a persistent fear of social situations; she is suffering from
a phobia
Loneliness is
a risk factor for depression and substance abuse
Osteoporosis would most likely result in
a wrist fracture as the result of a fall.
Public health experts have proposed increasing the numbers of minority health care providers in order to
achieve a more equitable distribution of health care
The body's attempt to restore homeostasis in the aftermath of a stress response is a(n) ________ response.
adaptive
The human heart is about the size of a(n)
adult's fist.
Hearing a piercing scream late at night while walking on a campus path would likely trigger which phase of the general adaptation syndrome?
alarm
Jeff has been drinking a lot over the past few months, including frequent binges. His friends are concerned that this behavior puts him at risk for a condition that involves a potentially lethal blood alcohol concentration. Which condition is this?
alcohol poisoning
A mobile van offering health screenings, vaccinations, and other services within neighborhoods is
an example of a community strategy for increasing access to health care.
Which of the following is most likely to cause eustress instead of distress?
an impending promotion
Populations with low health literacy
are at increased risk for medication errors.
Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to a vaccine?
artificially acquired active immunity
Suicide prevention techniques include
asking directly if the person intends to hurt himself or herself.
Self-care involves all of the following EXCEPT
avoiding medication and taking a "tough it out" approach to illness.
All of the following are ways to help a grieving friend EXCEPT
avoiding talking about the person who died or mentioning their name.
All of the following characterize "health for all" EXCEPT
behavioral choices that increase physical activity and diet quality.
A tendency toward anger may be
both physiological and related to family background.
Nathan's piano teacher is insisting that he practice more, while at the same time he is overloaded with assignments in his academic classes, worried about how he's going to make the final payments on this semester's tuition bill, and having trouble sleeping. Nathan is at high risk for
burnout
Thin-walled vessels that are involved in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide are
capillaries
The primary difference between a board certified and board eligible physician is that a board
certified physician has demonstrated competency in a given specialty.
Self-care can include
checking your blood pressure
Two lung conditions referred to as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are
chronic bronchitis and emphysema.
An ongoing state of physiological arousal in response to stressors is known as
chronic stress.
After working on a class project all week and only sleeping about four hours per night, Courtney is
compromising her immunity
Warning signs of suicide include all of the following EXCEPT
compulsion to repeatedly perform rituals.
Which of the following is an example of a process addiction?
compulsive gambling
When Marlon gets adequate sleep the night before his intramural basketball games, he has more energy and can run faster and perform better. This can be attributed to
conservation of body energy during sleep
A highly effective way to examine your assumptions, perceptions, and biases is to
consider how comfortable you are seeking out people who differ from you in significant ways.
Jason doesn't see that his addiction to heroin is self-destructive. He is experiencing
denial
The process of freeing the body from an addictive substance is known as
detoxification
All of the following are strategies for healthy aging EXCEPT
developing a strong sense of social independence.
The decline of the body's vital functions that results in death of an organism is
dying
Health and wellness are best described as
dynamic
Which of the following is a major contributor to college students' lack of sleep?
electronic devices
An awareness of what others might be going through is called
empathy
Influenza outbreaks that affect 5-20% of the United States population each year are an example of a(n)
epidemic
Ken is the new pastor at a local church. He is both nervous and excited about his new post and is looking forward to meeting all the members of his new congregation. This process will take some time and effort, but he is convinced that it will help him learn how to serve them better. Ken's situation is an example of
eustress
Symptoms of viral hepatitis include all of the following EXCEPT
excessive hunger.
David spends four hours a day lifting weights and is at the point of obsession about his fitness routine to the extent that he will miss classes and outings with friends so he can go to the gym. He most likely suffers from which of the following disorders?
exercise addiction
Adequate sleep may enhance intellectual health in all the following ways EXCEPT by
expending energy
All of the following are social determinants of health EXCEPT
federal, state, and local policymaking.
Psychologically healthy people
feel comfortable interacting with others.
The results from an American College Health Association study indicate that most college students
feel tired or sleepy three or more days a week
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can cause significant brain damage and other impairments in the fetus; this condition is known as
fetal alcohol syndrome
Stress management consists of
finding balance and developing coping strategies.
Katie is a researcher who studies factors that influence aging and how individuals cope with the aging process. Katie works in the field of
gerontology
All of the following are recommended for avoiding contracting or spreading a respiratory infection EXCEPT
going to work while sick as long as you take medication.
Overall, the leading cause of death for Americans is
heart disease
Heroin has a
high potential for addiction and no medical use.
Suicidal ideation is significantly associated with
high stress and low self-esteem.
The physiological state in which all body systems are in balance and functioning normally is
homeostasis
On a food product label, the amount shown as % Daily Value shows
how much of an average adult's allowance for a nutrient is in one serving.
The absence of clinical indicators of cardiovascular disease and the presence of certain behavioral and health factor metrics is known as
ideal cardiovascular health.
Driving while drowsy is a form of
impaired driving
How does sleep deprivation affect drivers?
impairs motor skills
The costs to society of health disparities
increase when a community lacks drug treatment programs and individuals with substance abuse disorders leave the workforce.
A large dose of cocaine can cause
increased heart rate and blood pressure.
Which of the following is NOT an indicator that a person's sympathetic nervous system has been activated?
increased salivation
Prostate cancer risk
increases dramatically with age.
All of the following are methods of reducing risk for CVD EXCEPT
increasing triglycerides in your blood.increasing triglycerides in your blood.
The fastest-acting method of drug administration is
inhalation
The most common sleep disorder is
insomnia
The six dimensions of health
interact continuously.
Experts suspect that ulcerative colitis may be caused by all of the following EXCEPT
irritable bowel syndrome.
A society characterized by health disparities
is fundamentally unjust.
Our ability to recognize difference
is largely dictated by society.
When alcohol is inhaled rather than swallowed,
it is not metabolized prior to entering the bloodstream.
At the end of each day, Anne writes down five positive affirmations about herself to block out any negative thoughts. Anne is demonstrating
learned optimism.
The main site of alcohol metabolism is the
liver
Hepatitis B can lead to
liver cancer
Keisha has a negative attitude about life and puts herself down all the time. Keisha is displaying
low self-esteem.
All of the following individuals would be at an increased risk for osteoporosis EXCEPT a(n)
male weight-lifter.
The general term for a disorder that disrupts thoughts, feelings, moods, and behavior to the extent that it impairs functioning in daily life is
mental illness.
Of the following choices, the source of stress experienced by the greatest percentage of American adults is
money
You really want to buy an expensive software program to help you with coursework, but your credit cards are maxed out and the rent is due next week. Which type of stressor is this?
money
Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to exposure to antigens encountered in the course of daily life?
naturally acquired active immunity
Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta or from mother to baby via breast milk?
naturally acquired passive immunity
The restful, restorative period of sleep is
non-REM sleep
You want to decrease your risk of developing an infectious disease. Which of the following factors is within your individual control?
nutritional status
Your primary care provider suspects that you may have an unusual infection in your eyes. To whom would he or she refer you?
ophthalmologist
While hospitalized for severe malnutrition and a debilitating respiratory infection, an elderly patient developed a urinary tract infection. This is an example of a(n)
opportunistic infection
Stress caused by not being able to accomplish all tasks and obligations in the time available is known as
overload
The largest type of pathogen is
parasitic worms
According to research, each of the following factors increases the risk of substance abuse among students EXCEPT
participation in college sports.
Disease-causing agents are called
pathogens
Aging is BEST defined as the
patterns of life changes that occur in members of all species as they grow older.
Capitation refers to
payment of a fixed monthly amount to a health-care provider per enrolled patient, regardless of the type or number of services provided.
An optometrist
performs eye exams and prescribes and fits lenses.
Two parts of your brain that are critical to regulating circadian rhythm are the hypothalamus and the
pineal body
While in the hospital, Daniel's grandmother developed an inflammatory condition that involved a build-up of fluid in her lungs. His grandmother was suffering from
pneumonia
Among American adults, the second most commonly abused type of drug, after marijuana, is
prescription drugs
A term used to encompass mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of health is
psychological
The science that views negative health events as resulting from individuals' interactions with their physical or social environment is
public health.
Key factors in mounting an immune response include all of the following EXCEPT
red blood cells.
In preparation for his exam, Juan plans to stay up all night studying. According to research, this strategy will likely result in
reduced cognitive ability
Studies indicate that mindfulness can help contribute to a more equitable society by
reducing the brain's activation of automatic negative associations.
Successful aging involves all of the following EXCEPT
refusing to accept physical, emotional, and social changes associated with growing older.
Communication with health care providers can be improved by all of the following EXCEPT
relying on your health care provider for all information on health care issues.
Which phase of the cycle of violence is called the "honeymoon period" because the batterer may act apologetic and promise to change?
remorse/reconciliation
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of blood flow as it travels through the heart?
right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
Cardiometabolic risks are
risk factors that affect both cardiovascular functions and the body's metabolic processes.
According to Maslow's hierarchy, individuals who have satisfied their basic needs and have attained their full potential are
self-actualized.
A person's realistic sense of self-respect or self-worth is referred to as
self-esteem
Any form of unwanted sexual conduct is
sexual harassment
A woman often remains a victim of intimate partner violence because
she fears retaliation against herself or her children.
Melanie grew up in extreme poverty, but won a full scholarship to a top liberal arts college. There, her sociology professor, who also comes from a poor family, has been helping Melanie to take a proactive approach to her current stressors and to focus on the future. These strategies are best classified as
shifting and persisting.
Which of the following would NOT be considered a hate crime?
shooting a bank employee during an armed robbery
When you feel groggy and disoriented after a long nap, you are experiencing
sleep inertia
Sleep-deprived individuals may be at greater risk of overweight and obesity because
sleeping less is associated with eating more
Eating food when drinking alcohol
slows alcohol absorption
Lisa has a strong sense of purpose and meaning to her life. Lisa is demonstrating
spiritual health.
Which phase of the cycle of violence is typically characterized by anger, abusive language, and psychological aggression?
tension building
Violence against people or property that is rooted in political or social objectives and intended to intimidate is
terrorism
The study of death and dying is
thanatology
Spiritually healthy people believe
that they are part of a something larger than the purely physical or personal dimensions of existence.
Non-REM sleep is called slow-wave sleep because
the brain generates theta and delta waves.
During REM sleep
the brain processes and consolidates information
David woke up in the middle of the night because he smelled smoke. This most likely caused him to experience
the flight-or-fight response.
Concerns about HMOs include all of the following EXCEPT
the high cost of copayments.
All of the following must happen for a disease to occur EXCEPT
the host must never have had the disease before.
Jade's heart races and she cannot think of anything to say when the cute guy in class sits next to her. This is an example of
the stress response
Factors affecting alcohol absorption include all of the following EXCEPT
the time of day the alcohol is consumed
When choosing a health care provider, you should examine all of the following EXCEPT
their membership in local organizations such as country clubs or service clubs.
All of the following are true about viruses EXCEPT
they can reproduce outside of cells
Psychological health is best described as encompassing
thinking, feeling, relating, and being.
You should consult a physician
to treat swelling and dizziness in reaction to an insect bite.
James is no longer able to feel the same effect from his drug of choice with his regular dose; he needs to increase the amount of the drug to feel the desired effect. This demonstrates
tolerance
Risk for developing lung cancer varies among smokers due to all of the following EXCEPT
tolerance to nicotine.
Joshua has a disease in which the walls of his large intestine have become painfully inflamed. His diagnosis is
ulcerative colitis
You should seek expert medical care if you experience
unexplained sudden weight loss.
Chelsea occasionally takes aspirin to relieve a headache. Chelsea is
using an over-the-counter (OTC) drug.
Taking responsibility for your health care includes all of the following EXCEPT
using over-the-counter medications to treat a sudden, serious illness.
If you are concerned about the costs of health care, which of the following practices should you avoid?
using the emergency room for your routine health care
The term terrorism is correctly applied to situations in which
violence is used to achieve political aims.
Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal include all of the following EXCEPT
weakness in the limbs.
The positive aspects of a person's life, such being satisfied with life in general and having positive emotions, determines one's sense of
well-being.
Major public health achievements of the twentieth century include
workplace safety.
A society characterized by health equity
works to prevent or reverse conditions that undermine health.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of alcohol poisoning?
yellowish tint to the skin
All of the following are likely to influence your response to stressors EXCEPT
your friend's level of stress.
The reduction in alcohol-related driving fatalities since the 1980s is due to
zero tolerance laws and increased drinking age.
