Personal Nutrition Ch. 6
Select all that apply What are some risks associated with the high levels of polyunsaturated fat intake? (Check all that apply.) A. impaired immune system increased risk of B. cardiovascular disease C. low levels of HDLs and LDLs
A. impaired immune system increased risk of B. cardiovascular disease
Which compound's role is to help transport lipids through the water-based blood and lymphatic systems? A. lipoprotein B. triglyceride C. phospholipid D. sterol
A. lipoprotein
What does the abbreviation HDL stand for? A. Huge-density lipoprotein B. High-density lipoprotein C. Hard-density lipid D. High-density lipid
B. High-density lipoprotein
Select all that apply What are the components of a phospholipid molecule? A. A 6-carbon ring B. Phosphorus-containing molecule C. Three fatty acids D. Glycerol backbone
B. Phosphorus-containing molecule D. Glycerol backbone
Which type of fat becomes rancid because their double bonds are easily damaged by oxygen, heat, metals, or light? A. Monounsaturated fats B. Polyunsaturated fats C. Saturated fats
B. Polyunsaturated fats
In what organ are fat-soluble vitamins absorbed? A. Large intestine B. Small intestine C. Stomach D. Gallbladder
B. Small intestine
A diet rich in ________ can help reduce LDL oxidation and thus decrease the risk of CVD and Metabolic Syndrome. A. whole grains B. antioxidants C. HDL cholesterol D. proteins
B. antioxidants
______ is a type of lipid that is found only in foods of animal origin. A. Monounsaturated fatty acid B. Polyunsaturated fatty acid C. Cholesterol D. Glycerol
C. Cholesterol
The recommendation for fat intake that is 20-35% of total calories consumed is the _______. A. Daily Value B. Recommended Dietary Allowance C. Estimated Average Requirement D. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
D. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
These compounds regulate cell division rates, maintain normal kidney function and fluid balance, direct hormones to their target cells, regulate the flow of substances in and out of cells, and regulate ovulation. A. Amino acids B. Carbohydrates C. Triglycerides D. Eicosanoids
D. Eicosanoids
What is the term for a compound containing a core of lipids with a shell composed of protein, phospholipid, and cholesterol? A. Bile acid B. Sterol C. Triglyceride D. Lipoprotein
D. Lipoprotein
Which organ plays a role in developing very-low-density lipoproteins by coating the cholesterol and triglycerides it collects with a shell of protein and lipids? A. Small intestine B. Stomach C. Pancreas D. Liver
D. Liver
Omega-____ fatty acids can be made into substances that help decrease inflammation, pain, and blood triglycerides. It is important to consume an adequate amount of this fatty acid in order to get its benefits. A. 3 B. 6
A. 3
Select all that apply What are some examples of foods that are considered high in fat? A. Butter B. Mayonnaise C. Green beans D. Salad oils E. Margarine F. Oranges
A. Butter B. Mayonnaise D. Salad oils E. Margarine
Select all that apply A chylomicron is a lipoprotein that is made up of dietary fats and surrounded by a shell containing which of the following components? A. Cholesterol B. Saturated fats C. Phospholipids D. Proteins
A. Cholesterol C. Phospholipids D. Proteins
Select all that apply The body uses cholesterol to perform which tasks? (Check all that apply.) A. Form cell membranes. B. Make sex hormones. C. Make bile. D. Regulate glucose absorption.
A. Form cell membranes. B. Make sex hormones. C. Make bile.
Select all that apply What are some examples of food sources that contain cholesterol? A. Ice cream B. Eggs C. Chicken D. Peanuts
A. Ice cream B. Eggs C. Chicken
Select all that apply In which of the following functions do eicosanoids play an important role? A. Maintaining normal kidney function B. Decreasing hormone production C. Regulating cell division rates D. Regulating ovulation
A. Maintaining normal kidney function C. Regulating cell division rates D. Regulating ovulation
Select all that apply What are some qualities that a triglyceride possesses? A. They are the body's main storage form of energy B. They last about a week in the cell and then are released C. They are stable D. They are calorie dense
A. They are the body's main storage form of energy C. They are stable D. They are calorie dense
Select all that apply What are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body? A. To provide energy B. To aid in transport of water-soluble vitamins C. To aid in transport of fat-soluble vitamins D. To insulate and protect the body E. To provide building blocks for enzymes
A. To provide energy C. To aid in transport of fat-soluble vitamins D. To insulate and protect the body
Select all that apply What are the three types of lipids? A. Triglycerides B. Sterols C. Electrolytes D. Lactose E. Phospholipids
A. Triglycerides B. Sterols E. Phospholipids
Select all that apply Some studies suggest consuming a diet high in trans fats may lead to the development of which health problems? A. Type 2 diabetes B. Obesity C. Increased HDL levels D. Decreased abdominal fat
A. Type 2 diabetes B. Obesity
Select all that apply What are some examples of added fats? (Check all that apply.) A. butter B. shortening C. chicken D. beef
A. butter B. shortening
Which lipoprotein is formed in the intestinal absorptive cell and carries dietary triglycerides that have been re-formed? A. chylomicron B. triglyceride C. very low-density lipoprotein D. high-density lipoprotein
A. chylomicron
Select all that apply Which of the following act as emulsifiers? (Check all that apply.) A. egg yolk B. sugar C. mustard D. flour
A. egg yolk C. mustard
Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are ________ fatty acids. A. essential B. monounsaturated C. trans D. saturated
A. essential
Identify the statement about phospholipids that is true. A. The gallbladder produces sufficient amounts of phospholipids. B. Foods high in sodium are good sources of phospholipids. C. Phospholipids can only be supplied by the diet. D. Phospholipids can be synthesized by the body.
D. Phospholipids can be synthesized by the body.
_______ fatty acids from hydrogenated fats have harmful effects associated with increasing blood cholesterol levels and lowering levels of HDL cholesterol. A. Monounsaturated B. Polyunsaturated C. Essential D. Trans
D. Trans
What is the structure of a glycerol molecule? A. a fat-related substance containing phosphorous, fatty acids, and a nitrogen-containing base B. a fatty acid molecule that contains one carbon—carbon double bond C. a fatty acid molecule that contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds D. an alcohol containing three carbons
D. an alcohol containing three carbons
Whether a fat is monounsaturated, saturated, or polyunsaturated, it provides the same number of ______. A. nitrogens B. carbons C. lipids D. calories
D. calories
Egg yolks are a good example of a(an) ________ because they allow the fat in various batters and dressings to stay suspended in the other ingredients. A. cholesterol B. sterol C. phospholipid D. emulsifier
D. emulsifier
What is the term for a water-soluble droplet formed by bile acids that is a product of the emulsification process? A. antioxidant B. lipase C. chylomicron D. micelle
D. micelle
How many calories of essential fatty acids should men consume daily? A. 100 B. 170 C. 210 D. 300
B. 170
What is the Adequate Intake for essential fatty acids? A. 1-2 tsp. B. 2-4 tbsp. C. 1-2 tbsp. D. 1/3 cup
B. 2-4 tbsp.
Select all that apply Which cancers are associated with diets high in fat and saturated fat? A. Brain cancer B. Colon cancer C. Breast cancer D. Prostate cancer
B. Colon cancer C. Breast cancer D. Prostate cancer
Select all that apply Which of the following represent components associated with a traditional Mediterranean Diet? (Check all that apply.) A. olive oil as the main fat B. high intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains C. high consumption of trans fats D. moderate drinking of wine
A. olive oil as the main fat B. high intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains D. moderate drinking of wine
Which naming system for fatty acids indicates where the double bond closest to the methyl end of the fatty acid chain occurs? A. omega system B. alpha system C. delta system D. beta system
A. omega system
The type of fat that functions primarily to insulate the body is _______. A. subcutaneous B. visceral
A. subcutaneous
Sterols are unique among other forms of lipids due to _____. A. their multi-ringed structure B. their short carbon chains C. the presence of phosphorus D. the presence of nitrogen
A. their multi-ringed structure
The liver coats the cholesterol and triglycerides that it collects with a shell of protein and lipids and produces _________. A. very-low-density lipoproteins B. low-density lipoproteins C. intermediate-density lipoproteins D. high-density lipoproteins
A. very-low-density lipoproteins
Select all that apply Foods that contain hidden fat include _______. A. whole milk B. butter C. cheese D. pastries
A. whole milk C. cheese D. pastries
Select all that apply Why are alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids considered essential fatty acids? (Check all that apply.) A. because we can make fatty acids with a double bond before the 4th carbon, counting from the omega end B. because our bodies are unable to synthesize them C. because we must get them from food D. because we can make fatty acids with a double bond before the 9th carbon, counting from the omega end
B. because our bodies are unable to synthesize them C. because we must get them from food
Select all that apply One usually refers to lipids simply as ____ and _____. A. carbohydrates B. fats C. proteins D. oils
B. fats D. oils
Subcutaneous fat is located _____. A. surrounding some organs B. just beneath the skin C. deep within the belly
B. just beneath the skin
Select all that apply An imbalance between ______ and ______ fatty acids is suspected to be a contributing factor to the cause of arthritis. A. saturated B. omega-3 C. omega-6 D. trans
B. omega-3 C. omega-6
Select all that apply What are the different names of fatty acids based on? (Check all that apply.) A. number of glycerol bonds along the carbon skeleton B. position of carbon-carbon double bonds along the length of the carbon skeleton C. number of carbon-carbon double bonds along the carbon skeleton
B. position of carbon-carbon double bonds along the length of the carbon skeleton C. number of carbon-carbon double bonds along the carbon skeleton
HDL has a high proportion of ______, which makes it the heaviest (most dense) lipoprotein. A. sterols B. protein C. cholesterol D. triglycerides
B. protein
Products like Z-trim, gums, and Salatrim, are used by companies to do what with their food products? A. to reduce the calorie content B. to reduce the fat content C. to increase the protein and essential fat content D. to increase the nutrient content
B. to reduce the fat content
Intakes of polyunsaturated fats that exceed ______% of total calorie intake can lead to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and an impaired immune system. A. 5 B. 2 C. 10
C. 10
______ fats are those that we incorporate into food, such as butter on bread, oils used to prepare vegetables, and shortenings in cookies and pies. A. Saturated B. Dietary C. Added D. Trans
C. Added
What is the first step associated with the absorption of triglycerides? A. Chylomicrons pass into the lacteal. B. Triglycerides are reformed inside intestinal cells. C. Monoglycerides and free fatty acids enter the epithelial cells of the small intestine. D. Chylomicrons are formed.
C. Monoglycerides and free fatty acids enter the epithelial cells of the small intestine.
Which type of oil is a staple in most Mediterranean diets? A. Coconut oil B. Vegetable oil C. Olive oil D. Soybean oil
C. Olive oil
Select all that apply What are some common "fat substitutes" used by companies to reduce the fat content of their foods? A. Splenda B. Canola oil C. Salatrim D. Gums
C. Salatrim D. Gums
Select all that apply Which statements are true about sterols? (Check all that apply.) A. They contain phosphorus. B. They contain one single ring structure. C. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. D. Cholesterol is a common example.
C. They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. D. Cholesterol is a common example.
_________, a type of lipid, are the body's main storage form of energy. A. Sterols B. Phospholipids C. Triglycerides D. Fatty acids
C. Triglycerides
Select all that apply Which health issues are associated with excessive omega-3 fatty acid intake? A. Seizures B. Excessive weight loss C. Uncontrolled bleeding D. Impaired immune function
C. Uncontrolled bleeding D. Impaired immune function
Phospholipids contain ______ within their molecular structure. A. sulfur B. amino acids C. fatty acids D. hydrochloric acid
C. fatty acids
A function of ______ is to serve as the backbone to which three fatty acids attach, forming a triglyceride molecule. A. cholesterol B. hydrogen C. glycerol D. diglyceride
C. glycerol
Diets rich in ______ fatty acids can reduce blood triglyceride levels in those whose levels are high, but can also lead to a decreased ability for the immune system to function if consumed in excess. A. trans B. saturated C. omega-3 D. omega-6
C. omega-3
What increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and Metabolic Syndrome? A. antioxidant rich diet B. HDL C. oxidized LDL
C. oxidized LDL