Personal Nutrition ch 6 Lipids

Dietary fat appears in the bloodstream ___ hours after a meal.

1-2

The Food and Nutrition Board recommends that ______ percentage of the calories adults consumed daily come from fat.

20-35

No more than ___ mg of cholesterol should be consumed daily by individuals with diabetes or heart disease.

200

No more than ___ mg of cholesterol should be consumed daily by health individuals.

300

The brain is approximately ___ percent fat.

60

No more than ___ percent of total calories come from saturated fat.

7

Lipids yield, on average, _____ calories per gram.

9

Sterol

A compound containing a multi-ring (steroid) structure and a hydroxyl group (-OH). Cholesterol is a typical example.

Glycerol

A three-carbon alcohol used to form triglycerides.

Cardiovascular disease includes all of the following health conditions except: Hypertension Stroke Irregular heart beat Coronary artery disease All of the above are included.

All

The best source of EPA and DHA for infants is:

Breast milk

The length of a fatty acid chain is determined by the number of ______ molecules in the chain

Carbon

All of the following are functions of triglycerides except: Carriers for water-soluble vitamins Gives food its texture, aroma, and flavor Source of energy Spare protein from being used for energy

Carriers for water-soluble vitamins

Food sources of phospholipids include all of the following except: Liver Egg yolk Chicken skin Peanuts

Chicken skin

Most of the triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids join protein carriers to form a lipoprotein called:

Chylomicron

The largest and least dense of the lipoproteins is ___.

Chylomicron

Cholesterol is stored in the blood.

False

Foods rich in saturated fatty acids tend to be liquid at room temperature and have lower melting points.

False

Most of the body's fat is visceral fat, which lies under the skin.

False

Most of the naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids are trans fatty acids.

False

Oils are solid at room temperature

False

The body can make essential fatty acids when they are needed.

False

This lipoprotein is often called the "good" cholesterol. Intermediate-density lipoprotein High-density lipoprotein Low-density lipoprotein Very-low-density lipoprotein

High-density Lipoprotein

The process by which trans fats are created is called:

Hydrogenation

The process of fats in food going rancid is called.

Oxidation

Major roles of fats in the body include all of the following except: Precursor for vitamin D Component of sex hormones Major constituent in blood Precursor for insulin

Precursor for insulin

The characteristics of phospholipids include all of the following except:

They are found only in plants

All of the following are true about lipids except: They dissolve easily in water. They contain fewer oxygen atoms than carbohydrates. They are organic compounds. They are needed to maintain good health.

They dissolve easily in water

A triglyceride consists of ___ fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol.

Three

Ninety-five percent of the lipids in the body are ______

Triglycerides

A cis formation occurs when the hydrogen atoms next to the double bonds are on the same side of the carbon chain.

True

Deficiency of essential fatty acids is extremely rare

True

Diets high in fish have been linked to reduced risk of heart disease.

True

Eliminating tobacco use can reduce the risk of heart disease.

True

Fat absorption decreases if the meal contains fiber.

True

Fats are the body's main form of energy storage.

True

Foods rich in saturated fats have higher melting points

True

In general, as the percentage of triglyceride drops, the density of lipoprotein increases.

True

Lipids are transported in the bloodstream packaged as lipoproteins.

True

Men and women store fat differently in the body.

True

Phospholipids are synthesized by the body and not needed in the diet.

True

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has taken steps to outlaw the use of trans fats in processed foods.

True

The shorter the fatty acid chain, the more liquid the fatty acid.

True

Unsaturated fatty acids have adjoining carbons that are connected by a double bond.

True

Which of the following list of foods contain the best sources of omega-3 fatty acids?

Tuna, salmon, krill, olive oil

Food sources of cholesterol include all of the following except: Eggs Walnuts Milk Cheese

Walnuts

Saturated fatty acids

a fatty acid containing no carbon-carbon double bonds

Polyunsaturated fatty acids

a fatty acid containing two or more carbon-carbon double bonds

Monounsaturated fatty acids

a fatty acids containing one carbon-carbon double bond

Cis fatty acids

a form of unsaturated fatty acid that has the hydrogens lying on the same side of the carbon-carbon double bond

Trans fatty acids

a form of unsaturated fatty acids, usually a monounsaturated one when found in food, in which the hydrogens on both carbons forming the double bond lie on opposite sides of that bond

Cholesterol

a waxy lipid that is in all body cells; it has a structure containing multiple chemical rings found only in foods that contain animal products

Phospholipids

compounds that consist of a glycerol molecule bonded to two fatty acid molecules and to a phosphate group with a nitrogen-containing component

Fatty Acids

compounds that contain a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end and a methyl group at the other end

Essential fatty acids

fatty acids that must be supplied by the dit to maintain health; currently, only linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are classified as essential

Nonessential fatty acids

fatty acids that your body can make as needed; it is not necessary to consume them in the diet

Triglyceride

the major type of lipid in the body and in food; it is composed of three fatty acids bonded to glycerol, an alcohol

Potential health benefits of EPA include all of the following except:

Increase blood clotting

Cholesterol is made in the

Liver

The ___ is the most active site of lipid synthesis.

Liver

All of the following are functions of cholesterol except: Precursor for estrogen Component of cell membrane Emulsifies fat Long-term storage form of energy

Long-term storage form of energy

Signs of an essential fatty acid deficiency includes all of the following except

Loss of hair

This lipoprotein is often called the "bad" cholesterol.

Low-density Lipoprotein

If a fatty acid chain has 6 carbons, it is grouped with:

Medium-chain fatty acids

Regular physical activity may prevent heart disease by all of the following except: Lower blood pressure levels Lowering cholesterol Raising triglycerides Lowering blood sugar levels

Raising triglycerides

All of the following are functions of phospholipids except: Aid in digestion Act as an emulsifier Component of cell membrane Temperature regulation

Temperature regulation

Alpha-linolenic acid

an essential omega-3 fatty acid with 18 carbons and three double bonds

Linoleic acid

an essential omega-6 fatty acid with 18 carbons and two double bonds

Omega-6 Fatty acids

an unsaturated fatty acid with the first double bond on the sixth carbon from the methyl end

Omega-3 fatty acids

an unsaturated fatty acid with the first double bond on the third carbon from the methyl end