Personality theories
Defense Mechanism of Reaction Formation
A parent who uncounsicioly reprents a child spoils the child with outlandish gifts
melancholic
Black bile from the kidneys Historical perspective (HP) reserved, anxious, and unhappy
ideal; perceived
According to Carl Rogers, a healthy personality would result from congruence between one's ______ self and their ________ self.
oral
According to Sigmund Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development.
Galen
Believed both diseases and personality differences could be explained by imbalances of humors
Sigmund Freud
First comprehensive theory of personality explaining both normal and abnormal behaviors
Freudian Slip
Freud suggested that slips of the tongue are sexual/aggressive urges accidently slipping out of your unconscious
Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?
Involuntary
The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve.
Just-world
Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias?
Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams
Unconscious
Mental activity that we are unaware of and are unable to access
What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians?
Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex.
Harlow is eight years old. She sees Dr. Gardener every Friday at 11:00 a.m. Their sessions involve Dr. Gardener watching Harlow interact with stuffed animals and other toys. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
Play therapy
a women who dislikes her boss thinks she likes her boss, but feels that the boss doesn't like her
Projection
Franz Gall
Proposed that the distances between bumps on the skull revels a persons
Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?
Psychiatric hospitals
Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________.
Saftey-behaviors
WHat bahvaior might someone with an oral fixation engage in?
Smoking
What was the main conclusion drawn from the Stanford prison experiment?
Social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior
American psychological Association
The American Psychological Association is the largest scientific and professional organization of psychologists in the United States, with over 122,000 members, including scientists, educators, clinicians, consultants, and students.
Hippocrates
Theroized that personality traits are based on four seperate temperaments assoiciated with four fluids of the body
The unconscious refers to mental activity that we are unable to access
True
Phlegmatic
White phlegm from the lungs HP: Calm, reliable , and thoughtful
Choleric
Yellow bile from the liver HP: Passionate, ambitious, and bold
A psychological disorder is a ________.
condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
Cardinal traits
dominates entire personality
The field of social psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include ________.
emotions and attitudes, the self, and social cognition
Which type of persuasion approach involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item?
foot-in-the-door technique
Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________
fugue
Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion?
getting your parents to agree to cut their smoking down by a few cigarettes, then asking them to quit altogether
Which principle underlies cognitive therapy?
how you think determines how you feel
Central traits
make up our personality
When Marcos is unhappy, he is mean to other children; he calls them names and behaves aggressively toward them. He often manipulates his peers into doing what he wants. Which of Karen Horney's coping strategy is Marcos using?
moving against people
Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.
negative
Ego
operates on the "really principal"- helps the ID satisfy desires in a realistic way
At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder.
psychotic
Sanguine
red blood from heart
Psychosexual Development (Freud)
series of stages children pass through which is Oral, Anal, Phallic , Latency, and Genital
Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.
severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy
On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a hierarchy of stimuli related to her phobia. Which form of therapy is she using?
systematic desensitization
What was responsible for the development of the indigenous model of studying the cultural context of personality?
the dominance of Western approaches to studying personality in non-Western cultures
Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she is just a nasty person, and does not consider that she may just have had a bad day and is venting. Lee is demonstrating ________.
the fundamental attribution error
Psychopathology
the study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, etiology (causes), and treatment.
Defense Mechanisms
unconscious protective behaviors that work to reduce anxiety
Denial
Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
Rationalization
A student watches TV instead of studying saying thata additional studying wouldnt do anything anyways
repression
A traumatized solider has no recollection of the details of a close bush death
________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors.
Anxiety
Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.
Asch
Ego (self)
Attempts to balance the id with the superego
In Stanley Milgram's obedience research, the person playing the part of the "learner" was an accomplice, or ________, of the experiment. He was aware of the true purpose of the research, was never shocked, and was acting according to Milgram's instructions.
Confederate
Superego
Develops through interactions with others, learning social rules for right and wrong. How we should behave.
Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
In Medieval times, what would be the most likely form of treatment for someone suffering the symptoms of a psychological illness?
Exorcism
The erogenous zone of the phalic stage is the anus
False
The erogenous zone of the phallic stage is in the anus
False
________ is the strengthening of an original group attitude after the discussion of views within a group.
Group polarization
_______ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics.
Heritability
Operates on the "pleasure principal"- seeks immediate gratification Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive.
ID
The amount of time a client spends in psychotherapy is determined by the client's needs as well as his or her ________.
Personal Goals
.What is the main idea of the behavioral perspective on personality?
Personality is significantly shaped by the reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.
Trait
________ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.
What is comorbidity?
a co-occurrence of two disorders
Psychological disorder
a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________.
a token economy
Marlena tells her therapist that she often feels helpless and unable to accomplish her goals. Her therapist responds by acknowledging her feelings, restating what she has told him, and clarifying the feelings behind what Marlena is expressing. What aspect of client-centered therapy is this?
active listening
According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing posttraumatic stress disorder?
being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards
The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective.
biological