perspectives final review

A nursing student has asked a classmate for pointers that might help the student to communicate more effectively when working with patients and clients. What advice should the classmate provide?

"Before you start speaking to someone, take a moment to get your thoughts clearly

In a nursing unit, the RN delegates nursing tasks to the nursing assistant. Keeping in mind the delegation guidelines, which statement denotes the right direction for the nursing assistant?

"Dispose of the disconnected IV set."

A nurse pays a house visit to a client who is on total parenteral nutrition. The client expresses that he misses enjoying food with his family. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

"Tell me more about how it feels to eat with your family."

A nurse visits a female victim of sexual assault for the fourth visit. The client expresses that she is unable to cope with the trauma. Even though the assault occurred quite some time ago, she feels as if it just happened yesterday. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse?

"Tell me more about the aspects that makes you feel as if it happened yesterday."

A client reports to the primary health care facility with complaints of chest pain. After the investigations and initial treatment, the client anxiously inquires if he had a heart attack. What should be the nurse's reply? A) "The physician wants to monitor you and control your pain." B) "Yes, you had a heart attack; this is why you are here with us." C) "Yes, you had a heart attack, but the damage is very minimal." D) "No; we can assure you that you will not have a heart attack."

"The physician wants to monitor you and control your pain."

A nursing student is aware of the importance of critical thinking, especially in clinical situations.When applying the principles of critical thinking to a situation, the student should begin by asking,

"What are the facts that I know about this situation?"

A client is receiving treatment in the intensive care unit for sepsis, a systemic infection that poses a grave threat to his body's homeostasis. The body is adapting to numerous threats, a process that primarily involves the integration of what body systems? Select all that apply.

-Central nervous system -Autonomic nervous system -Endocrine system

A terminally ill client at a health care facility has been referred for hospice care. Which of the following clients is eligible for hospice care?

A client with less than 6 months to live

While approval of institutions that provide health care is mandatory, accreditation is usually voluntary. What health care institution would require mandatory accreditation?

A hospital that receives funding from Medicare

A nursing student has learned about the importance of nonverbal communication and has witnessed several examples of this in the clinical setting. Which of the following events most clearly demonstrates nonverbal communication?

A patient is bent over in a chair, holding his side and grimacing.

An LPN is newly recruited to the hospital. As a part of the orientation program, the nurse is informed that the nursing staff follows the primary nursing approach of the nursing model. Which of the following nursing models describes primary care nursing?

A single nurse plans and provides nursing care.

A middle-aged client is distraught at receiving a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in spite of being conscientious about her health for the majority of her adult life. The client tells the nurse, "I can't believe I no longer have my health." The nurse should be aware that the World Health Organization

A state of physical, mental, and social well-being.

A nurse is performing an admission assessment of a newly admitted hospital client and has documented the client as being a member of the Native American subculture. A subculture is best described as which of the following?

A unique cultural group that exists within the larger culture

A nursing student has been informed that much of the content of the nursing program will be presented in the form of lectures. This means that the student should

A.make sure to do the assigned readings prior to each class.

Licensed practical/vocational nurses, as well as the other members of the health care team, require a particular set of skills and personal characteristics. Which of the following personal characteristics is essential in order to be a comp to remain objective

Ability to keep their personal problems private and to themselves

A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with pancreatitis. Which of the following is a priority need for nursing management? A) Acute pain in the abdomen B) Depression due to recurrent symptoms C) Inability to take care of family D) Lack of self-confidence

Acute pain in the abdomen

A nurse is caring for a client whose family members disagree on the best course of treatment for the client's cancer. How should the nurse best alleviate the stress on the client and family members?

Advocate on behalf of the client to others.

Kevin has recently begun his nursing program and is committed to getting the highest grades possible. One of Kevin's strategies for meeting this goal is learning how to take effective notes What should Kevin do to make sure that his notes are effective? (Select all that apply.)

B -He should take special note of information that his instructors say is most important. C -He should read his notes as soon as possible after class. D -He should review his notes regularly.

In an effort to promote clarity, the manager of a busy hospital unit has posted a copy of the hospital's organizational chart. What information will be conveyed by this chart?

B) The specific responsibilities of the key staff members and the lines of authority

A nurse has given a nursing student detailed instructions on how best to safely mobilize a particular patient. After listening carefully to the nurse's explanation, what should the student do next?

Briefly restate the instructions to confirm understanding

After experiencing an ST-wave elevation myocardial infarction, a 64-year-old man has been admitted to the cardiac unit of the hospital for care. The nurse has completed a comprehensive assessment and is creating a plan of care that is holistic in its focus. How can the nurse best integrate the principles of holism into the client's care?

By integrating each of the various dimensions of the client's identity into his care

A student nurse has recently completed the first clinical placement of her nursing program and is excited at the interactions she has been able to have with patients and clients. She has confided to a classmate, "For the first time I feel like I'm able to make a real difference in people's lives." This nursing student is expressing which of Maslow's categories of human needs?

C.fulfillment

A client at a health care facility has died after a prolonged illness. A nurse is assigned to perform postmortem care for the client. Which of the following interventions should the nurse perform when providing postmortem care?

Cleanse drainage from the skin.

One of the nursing achievements in the Crimean War was that the death rate of soldiers dropped from 60% to 1%. What is the most appropriate reason for the fall in the death rate?

Decreased rate of infection and gangrene

A nurse enters a client's room and finds that the client is lying on the floor. The nurse makes the client comfortable on the bed and completes an assessment. The nurse then informs the physician and the nursing supervisor about this incident and also completes an incident report. Which of the following actions by the nurse indicates correct knowledge of handling an incident report?

Documents a complete description of the happenings in the client's records

A student has just begun a nursing program and is committed to success. When creating a schedule for the school term, what should the student do?

Ensure a balance between school activities and personal life.

The health care team is made up of a diverse group of individuals who ultimately share a common goal. Members of the health care team, including licensed practical/vocational nurses, prioritize what goal?

Ensuring that patients, clients, and residents receive excellent health care.

A nurse is working with a client whose current symptoms are attributable to high levels of norepinephrine. Which of the following functions does norepinephrine perform?

Heightens arousal and increases energy

A nursing student has been learning how to apply the nursing process in clinical situations. This morning, the student has just completed a head-to-toe assessment of a patient who has a complex medical history. What is the next step in the studen maintain health. .

Identify nursing diagnoses that apply to the patient.

Kevin is a highly experienced licensed practical nurse who has provided care on an acute medical unit for several years. A registered nurse (RN) who is new on the unit has asked Kevin to flush a patient's central venous catheter (CVC), a task that is outside of Kevin's scope of practice but one that he has often witnessed and feels confident in doing safely. How should Kevin respond to the RN's request? A) Flush the CVC after ensuring the RN is aware of Kevin's qualifications and job title. B) Inform the RN that he cannot flush the CVC because it is outside of his scope of practice. C) Flush the CVC this time, but inform the RN that he cannot do so under normal circumstances. D) Ask the RN to observe his technique while he flushes the CVC.

Inform the RN that he cannot flush the CVC because it is outside of his scope of practice.

A nurse is planning the care of a client who will soon begin radiotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer. The nurse has been identifying interventions that are rooted in the notion of holism, which states that:

Interactions between the mind and the body can profoundly influence health.

An HIV-positive client discovers that his name is published in a report on HIV care prepared by his nurse. He strongly opposes this and files a lawsuit against the nurse. Which of the following offenses has this nurse committed?

Invasion of privacy

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?

It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

A nursing student is conscientious in her efforts to cultivate empathy with clients and patients. Which of the following characteristics is associated with empathy?

Maintaining emotional distance in order to conserve emotional energy

A nurse is caring for a client with multiple sclerosis. The client informs the nurse that a lawyer is coming to prepare a living will and requests the nurse to sign as witness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A) State that the physician will be a witness B) Arrange for other colleagues to sign as a witness C) Note that the nurse caring for the client cannot be a witness D) Inform the physician about the living will

Note that the nurse caring for the client cannot be a witness

A nurse who has been practicing for three decades has seen significant changes in the roles that clients are expected to perform in the course of their care. Which of the following is a role that clients are normally expected to perform while they are receiving care?

Participate actively in the planning and execution of their care

A nurse has completed a hospital-based educational program that has allowed the nurse to become cross-trained. A nurse who is cross-trained is

Perform certain non-nursing duties in addition to traditional nursing duties

A nurse is providing end-of-life care to a terminally ill client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to remove mucus and saliva from the client's mouth?

Perform suction in the client's mouth.

A nurse is caring for a young client with acute renal failure who is dying. What care should the nurse take when helping dying clients to cope?

Provide opportunities for client to express his or her feelings freely.

A nursing student has begun a clinical placement at a large hospital that serves a diverse population. The student has consequently acquired a new appreciation for the fact that nursing combines art with science. Which of the following is the clearest manifestation of the scientific basis for nursing

Providing evidence-based nursing care

A nurse is caring for a client whose pancreatic cancer has been categorized as a terminal illness. Which of the following is true of a terminal illness?

Recovery is beyond reasonable expectation.

A nurse is caring for a client with myasthenia gravis, and disease which affects the client's ability to speak. The client is having difficulty forming words and his tone is nasal. Which of the following is an effective communication strategy for this client?

Repeat what the client has said to verify the meaning.

A client undergoes a knee replacement surgery and is included in the diagnostic-related group (DRG) 209. Which of the following is true about knee replacement surgery under the DRG system?

Replacement and surgeries are reimbursed at a predetermined rate.

The care of the many residents of a large, long-term care facility is organized according to the functional nursing model. The use of this nursing delivery model has what consequence for residents? A) Each resident is able to develop a close relationship with one particular care provider B) Residents can be confident that every care provider is being held accountable by his or her peers. C) Residents experience efficient, but fragmented care because of the large number of people who care for them. D) Residents must choose what activities they require assistance with on a daily basis.

Residents experience efficient, but fragmented care because of the large number of people

A nurse is working with a client whose quality of life is impacted by the presence of numerous comorbid health problems. The nurse is aware that the client's body is attempting to maintain homeostasis, a process that primarily involves which of the following?

Responding appropriately to internal and external influences

A nursing student has woken up with a throbbing headache, slight chills, and several bouts of sneezing but she is scheduled to be at a long-term care facility this morning for a day of clinical experience. What should the student do?

She should call in sick to protect clients or classmates from becoming ill.

Hannah is a nursing student who was recently reprimanded by a nurse at the hospital who accused Hannah of not following through with the morning care of one of the nurse's patients. Hannah attributes this unpleasant interaction to the fact that she did not communicate clearly with the nurse and she has resolved to make con structive changes to her communication style. How should Hannah begin this process?

She should identify and evaluate her existing communication style.

A nursing student is feeling discouraged and embarrassed after receiving some pointed criticism from her clinical instructor. How should the student best respond to this criticism? .

She should reflect on the criticism to see how she could be a more effective nurse.

A client with Crohn's disease in remission is admitted to the nursing unit for follow-up care. The remission state is characterized by which of

Temporary disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with the disease

A rural community has experienced a significant outbreak of measles among children in the area. Nurses in this community would primarily be in contact with what agency in the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

A nurse is providing end-of-life care to a client at a health care facility. The client is anticipating death. The nurse understands that the client is in the acceptance stage of dying. Which of the following indicates that the client is in the acceptance stage of dying?

The client has settled all financial matters for his surviving family members.

A client is admitted with symptoms of psychosis. The nurse hurries to the client's room when she hears the client calling for help. She finds the client lying on the ground. The nurse assists the client back to the bed and performs a thorough assessment. The nurse informs the physician and completes the incident report. Which of the following statements should the nurse document in the incident report?

The client was found lying on the floor.

A nurse is caring for a child with Huntington's chorea, a hereditary condition. Which of the following statements is true of hereditary conditions

The condition is acquired from genes of one or both parents.

A client who has undergone resection of the intestine is on a liquid diet with a nasogastric tube in place. He refuses the food tray with regular food that comes to his room and insists that a physician be called. The nurse insists that it is the right food and makes the client to take it. The client develops complications and has to be reoperated upon. How is negligence determined in this situation? A) The nurse did not call the physician when the client asked. B) The nurse did not realize the importance of the tube. C) The dietary department sent the wrong diet for the client. D) The nurse did not communicate clearly with the client.

The nurse did not realize the importance of the tube.

A home care nurse is caring for a paralyzed client who needs regular position changes and back massages. A man identifying himself as a family friend inquires if he can be of any help to the family. What should be the nurse's response be? A) The nurse should ask the man to talk to the family directly. B) The nurse should invite the man to learn the caring techniques. C) The nurse should state that the family does not need any help. D) The nurse should refer the man to the local social worker.

The nurse should ask the man to talk to the family directly.

A client arrives at a health care facility complaining of diarrhea and abdominal pain for the past 24 hours. The physician diagnoses the client with gastritis, an acute illness. Why is gastritis considered an acute illness?

The onset is sudden.

A licensed practical nurse has recently participated in the approval process at a hospital. What is the primary purpose of health care regulation procedures such as approval

To ensure that specific standards for the quality of care are met

A nurse is applying for professional liability insurance. The nurse knows that professional liability insurance is important for which of the following reasons?

To mitigate the financial obligations arising from unexpected health outcomes

A nurse is caring for an elderly client. What strategy should the nurse include in order to facilitate effective communication?

Use active listening during communication.

Tanya is a nursing student who is finding the demands of the nursing program heavy and nearly overwhelming at times. She is amazed that her classmate Yvonne seems unbothered by the workload and stressors of the program. How should Tanya best interpret Yvonne's experience

Yvonne's mental and physical limitations may be different from Tanya's.

A client has been recently informed that death is imminent because her lung cancer has metastasized to her liver and bones. The client has rung the call bell because her incontinence brief needs to be changed. When the nurse enters the room, the client sarcastically accuses the nurse of "taking your sweet time to get here." The nurse should recognize that the cli may be experiencing what stage of dying

anger

A nurse is caring for a terminally ill client. The client is exhibiting signs of multiple organ failure. Which of the following signs indicates failure of the liver? A) Dyspnea B) Anorexia C) Oliguria D) Anuria

anorexia

A client reports to the emergency department with ankle pain due to a minor road accident. By asking the client to describe the accident, what type of nursing skill is the nurse using? A) Assessment skills B) Comforting skills C) Counseling skills D) Caring skills

assessment skills

A nurse warns a client who has a recent history of seizures that he may fall off his bed during a seizure attack if he does not leave the side rails of the bed raised. Before leaving the client's room, the nurse puts up the side rails, but after the nurse has left, the client lowers them again. Later, the client has a fall from the bed during seizures and holds the nurse responsible for it. Which of the following legal provisions protects the nurse in this case?

assumption of risk

During her latest clinical experience, a nursing student decided to provide a patient with a bedpan rather than helping the patient walk to the bathroom. The student made this decision based on the fact that the patient had recent hip surgery and was drowsy, creating a risk that the patient could fall. What characteristic of effective learners did this student most clearly demonstrate?

critical thinking

A client has been asked to undergo a series of diagnostic tests following a routine blood test that indicates leukemia. The client refuses to believe the diagnosis and has asked for a second opinion on two separate occasions. Which of the stages of death is the client most likely going through?

denial

A middle-aged man has just died in a motorcycle accident and his wife has been informed by the care team. According to Dr. Elizabeth Kübler-Ross, what is the first stage of grief that the patient's wife will likely experience? A) Depression B) Acceptance C) Denial D) Rage

denial

A family has lost a member who was treated for leukemia at a nursing unit. The nurse provides emotional support to the family and counsels them to cope with their loss. Which quality should the nurse use in this situation? A) Indifference B) Pity C) Sympathy D) Empathy

empathy

A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone total hip replacement and is advised to continue physiotherapy after discharge. Which of the following levels of care is the outpatient physiotherapy center? A) Continuity of care B) Extended care C) Secondary care D) Tertiary care

extended care

The diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) method of payment was developed by the federal government in the 1980s. The DRG payment system establishes. .

fixed rates for health care treatments using rates that are based on patient variables.

In a nursing unit, the nurse-in-charge delegates the tasks in the shift. A nursing assistant is assigned to make beds and help the clients ambulate. Another nurse is assigned to assist clients with changing positions, and another nurse to administer drugs. Which type of nursing care is being implemented? ged car

functional nusing

If you find a patient who does not speak your language quietly crying in his bed, the first thing you should do is to A) find an interpreter. B) notify your supervisor. C) gently touch his shoulder. D) ask him why he is crying.

gently touch his shoulder

A nurse has become involved in political efforts to ensure that a greater percentage of Americans have access to affordable health care, regardless of their individual circumstances. This view of health is reflective of what belief?

health is a right

The goal of transcultural nursing care

incorporate all aspects of a person's culture in planning and providing care.

A nurse is asking a client health-related questions during a medical assessment. The client has developed lesions on the skin and warts around the mouth. Which of the following factors affect oral communication?

literacy

A nurse had learned that more than 8% of Americans are currently living with diabetes mellitus. This statistic represents what epidemiological concept?

morbidity

A client experiencing symptoms of cardiomyopathy is referred to the cardiac specialist for diagnosis and consultation. Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of the health care system?

scondary care

A client who is scheduled for hernioplasty needs clarification regarding the procedure. The nurse calls the physician at the client's insistence. The physician, who is in a bad mood, is overheard telling the client that the nurse is incompetent and does not know anything. Which of the following legal torts has the physician committed?

slander

A nurse, while off-duty, tells the physiotherapist that a client who was admitted to the nursing unit contracted AIDS due to exposure to sex workers at the age of 18. The physiotherapist, during his usual care to the client, expresses his concern regarding his exposure to sex workers at an early age. The client discovers that the nurse has revealed the information to the physiotherapist. With what legal action could the nurse be charged?

slander

A student nurse had long been in the habit of wearing perfume, but has stopped doing so since she began her nursing program. The student most likely took this

some individuals are allergic to scents and they can trigger an unpleasant or dangerous

A nurse is caring for a client who is confined to bed due to paralysis. The client has a medical history of stroke, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus for the past 5 years, besides having asthma since childhood. Which of the following is the best example of a secondary illness seen in the client?

stroke

A licensed vocational nurse provides care on an inpatient hospital unit that has a census of 27 beds. The LVN works together with a registered nurse and a nurse's aide to provide care for nine of the patients on the unit, and t

team nursing

A client admitted for hernioplasty is discharged 2 days later than the calculated time due to postoperative complications. The client is insured through a capitation scheme. In the event of late discharge of the client, who is at loss? A) The client B) The hospital C) The insurers D) The physicians

the hospital

A nurse is caring for a client who has undergone coronary angioplasty. The cardiac monitor is showing abnormal ECG waves, indicating arterial fibrillation. The nurse does not recognize the importance of the sign. As a result, the client's condition deteriorates and the client has to be taken up for an emergency procedure. Which of the following describes the nurse's legal liability?

tort

In order to accept and respect differences in others, one must first A) identify those differences. B) know people with many differences. C) study differences among people. D) understand oneself.

understand oneself

When learning how to assess patients' health, a student has found that the most beneficial learning technique was watching an online video in which an experienced nurse demonstrated how to conduct an assessment. What is this student's most likely learning style?

visual