Pharm

administering erythromycin ointment to the eyes of a neonate. The instructor determines that the student needs to research this procedure further if the student makes which statement?

"I will flush the eyes after instilling the ointment."

A client with breast cancer has been given a prescription for cyclophosphamide. The nurse determines that the client understands the proper use of the medication if the client makes which statement?

"I will increase fluid intake to 2 to 3 L/day." Rationale: A toxic effect of cyclophosphamide is hemorrhagic cystitis. The client should drink large amounts of fluid during the administration of this medication. Clients also should observe for hematuria. The medication should be taken on an empty stomach, unless gastrointestinal upset occurs. Hyperkalemia can result from the use of the medication; therefore, the client would not be encouraged to increase potassium intake. The client would not be instructed to alter magnesium intake.

Lispro (Humalog) insulin is prescribed three times a day, with the amount based on blood glucose levels. The nurse determines that the client understands teaching regarding lispro insulin if which statement is made?

"I will take the lispro 10 to 15 minutes before I eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner."

A client diagnosed with gout has been started on medication therapy with allopurinol (Zyloprim). The nurse reinforces teaching with this client regarding which point about this medication?

"It is important to drink 3 L of fluid per day."

Thyroid replacement therapy is prescribed for a client diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The client asks the nurse when the medication will no longer be needed. Which response by the nurse would be accurate?

"The medication will need to be continued for life."

The health care provider has prescribed silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) for the client with a partial-thickness burn, which has cultured positive for gram-negative bacteria. The nurse is reinforcing information to the client about the medication. Which statement made by the client indicates a lack of understanding about the treatments?

"The medication will permanently stain my skin."

Sulfones (Dapsone)

-antimycobacterium -uses: mycobacterium leprae (leprosy, Hansen's disease) toxoplasmosis -administered orally, long half life

aminoglycoside

-mycin

protein pump inhibitors /-prazole

-prazole /are a group of drugs whose main action is a pronounced and long-lasting reduction of stomach acid production

Which information should the nurse provide to the client who will be receiving chemotherapy with doxorubicin (Adriamycin)?

1. Alopecia can occur. 3. Cardiotoxicity can occur. 4. Urine and sweat may turn red. 5. The medication is administered by the intravenous route. 6. Promptly report any signs of bleeding to the health care provider.

The nurse is reinforcing dietary instructions to a client who is taking triamterene (Dyrenium). The nurse instructs the client that it is acceptable to consume which food item daily?

1. Apple 2. Banana 3. Avocado 4. Baked potato / Triamterene is a potassium-retaining diuretic, which means that the client must avoid the intake of foods high in potassium

A client taking phenytoin (Dilantin) has a serum phenytoin level of 30 mcg/mL. The nurse would expect to note which signs and symptoms on data collection of the client?

1. Ataxia 2. Nausea 4. Diplopia 5. Nystagmus

The home care nurse is visiting a client who was recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client is prescribed repaglinide (Prandin) and metformin (Glucophage) and asks the nurse to explain these medications. The nurse should reinforce which instructions to the client?

1. Diarrhea can occur secondary to the metformin. 2. The repaglinide is not taken if a meal is skipped. 3. The repaglinide is taken 30 minutes before eating. 4. Candy or another simple sugar is carried and used to treat mild hypoglycemia episodes

The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted for alcohol abuse and knows that which medications may be prescribed in the treatment of this disorder?

1. Diazepam (Valium) 3. Disulfiram (Antabuse) 4. Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)

A client with fibromyalgia has not achieved pain relief with opioid pain medication. The client has a history of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. The nurse anticipates that which single medications may be selected by the health care provider to be given in conjunction with the opioid pain medication?

1. Duloxetine (Cymbalta) 2. Pregabalin (Lyrica) 3. Alprazolam (Xanax)

preterm labor client who is receiving magnesium sulfate intravenously. The nurse should monitor for which adverse effects of this medication?

1. Flushing 4. Depressed respirations 5. Extreme muscle weakness

The health care provider has prescribed morphine sulfate intravenous push for a client with pulmonary edema. Which therapeutic effects should the nurse expect in this client?

1. Relief of anxiety 3. Reduction of oxygen consumption 5. Improvement in efficacy of breathing

A client receiving long-term therapy with lithium carbonate (Lithobid) exhibits muscle tremors, confusion, vomiting, and diarrhea. The nurse anticipates that the results of the latest serum lithium level will be between which?

1.5 and 2 mEq/L /The therapeutic serum level of lithium is 1 to 1.4 mEq/L for clients with acute mania and 0.5 to 1.3 mEq/L for maintenance levels. Serum lithium concentrations of 1.5 to 2 mEq/L may produce a variety of symptoms including vomiting and diarrhea, drowsiness, incoordination, coarse hand tremors, muscle twitching, and mental confusion

The therapeutic serum range of phenytoin should be

10 to 20 mcg/mL. A level of 30 mcg/mL indicates toxicity. Central nervous system (CNS) depression, lethargy, ataxia, and nausea are all signs of phenytoin toxicity. Nystagmus and diplopia also occur

Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin analog with an onset of action of

15 minutes. The client should administer the dose 0 to 15 minutes before eating a meal. Because the insulin peaks in ¾ to 1½ hours, it would not be beneficial to wait for 1 hour after the meal to administer it. In addition, if the lispro is given 1 hour before the meal, the medication will begin to peak before the client's meal is eaten, possibly resulting in hypoglycemia. Lispro administration should not be spread out evenly throughout the 24-hour day

Imipramine hydrochloride is an antidepressant. The client may not experience the therapeutic effects of administration of imipramine hydrochloride for

2 to 3 weeks after the antidepressant therapy has been initiated

The normal therapeutic range for theophylline levels is 10 to 20 mcg/mL. A level greater than

20 mcg/mL is considered toxic

A client has been prescribed acarbose (Precose) for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Client teaching regarding this medication should include which instructions?

3. Abdominal cramping is common. 4. Side effects include excessive flatulence. 5. The medication should be taken with each meal

which medications are used for long-term control of tonic-clonic seizures?

3. Gabapentin (Neurontin) 4. Ethosuximide (Zarontin) 5. Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A client has been given a prescription for metoclopramide (Reglan) four times a day. Which is the optimal time to take this medication? -ide

30 minutes before meals and at bedtime/ Metoclopramide is a gastrointestinal stimulant

A client is taking Humulin NPH insulin daily every morning. The nurse reinforces instructions to the client and should tell the client that which is the most likely time for a hypoglycemic reaction to occur?

4-12 hours after administration

The nurse in the delivery room is caring for a newborn delivered 10 minutes ago. The nurse assists to prepare which medications that will be prescribed to be given within the first hour of life?

5. Erythromycin eye drops 6. Phytonadione (vitamin K)

Isoniazid is prescribed for a 2-year-old child with a positive tuberculin skin test. The mother of the child asks the nurse how long the child will need to take the medication. Which time frame is the appropriate response to the mother?

9 months

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)

A bacterium that causes stomach inflammation (gastritis) and ulcers in the stomach and duodenum. This bacterium is the most common cause of ulcers worldwide. H. pylori infection may be acquired from contaminated food and water or through person-to-person contact.

Leucovorin (citrovorum factor, folic acid)

A drug used to lessen the toxic effects of the anticancer drug methotrexate or other substances that block the action of folic acid. It is also used to treat some types of anemia and is used with fluorouracil to treat advanced colorectal cancer

Nalidixic acid is prescribed for the client with a urinary tract infection. Reviewing the client's record, the nurse notes that the client is taking warfarin (Coumadin) on a daily basis. Which prescription should the nurse anticipate because the client is taking this oral anticoagulant?

A reduction in the anticoagulation dosage / Nalidixic acid can intensify the effects of oral anticoagulants. When an oral anticoagulant is combined with nalidixic acid, a reduction in the anticoagulant dosage may be needed

Atomoxetine (Strattera)

ADHD / is a selective inhibitor of NE reuptake and hence causes NE to accumulate at synapses

A client asks the nurse about which product should be taken for a headache. The client is taking lansoprazole (Prevacid) for long-term management of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The nurse determines that which medication would be the appropriate choice for this client?

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) /Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a hypersecretory condition of the stomach. The client should avoid taking medications that are irritating to the stomach lining. Irritants would include aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (naproxen and ibuprofen). The client should be advised to take acetaminophen for headache

When discussing the rationale for levothyroxine (Synthroid) with a client with hypothyroidism, the nurse should emphasize that the client can anticipate which primary expected outcome?

Achieving normal thyroid hormone levels / Laboratory determination of the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level (TSH) is an important means of evaluation of therapy with levothyroxine. Effective therapy will cause the elevated TSH levels to decrease. These levels will begin their decline within hours of the onset of therapy and will continue to drop as plasma levels of thyroid hormone buildup. If an adequate dosage is established, TSH levels will remain suppressed for the duration of the therapy. Although energy levels are expected to increase, the primary expected outcome is measured by thyroid hormone levels

The clinic nurse is collecting data on a client being admitted. The nurse notes that the client is taking azelaic acid (Azelex). Because of the medication prescription the nurse should suspect that the client is being treated for which condition?

Acne

Albuterol is an adrenergic type of bronchodilator. Beclomethasone dipropionate is a glucocorticoid ,plan when administering these medications?

Administering the albuterol before the beclomethasone dipropionate/ Bronchodilators are administered before glucocorticoids when both are to be given on the same time schedule.

A client receiving desmopressin (DDAVP) begins to complain of a headache. The nurse notes that the client is listless and falls asleep easily. The nurse interprets that the client is most likely experiencing which reaction?

Adverse medication effects

Glimepiride (Amaryl) is prescribed for a client with diabetes mellitus. The nurse reinforces instructions for the client and tells the client to avoid which while taking this medication?

Alcohol

Allopurinol (Zyloprim) has been prescribed for the client, and the client asks the nurse about the action of the medication. The nurse responds knowing that allopurinol has which action?

Allopurinol decreases uric acid production and reduces uric acid concentrations in both the serum and urine/ Allopurinol is an antigout medication. It decreases uric acid production by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase and reduces uric acid concentrations in serum and urine

The client has a PRN prescription for loperamide hydrochloride (Imodium). The nurse understands that this medication is used for which condition?

An episode of diarrhea

Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Antidepressants that have dual mechanisms of action inhibit the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine and, in some cases, inhibit with weak effect the reuptake of dopamine. ... Selectivity of antidepressant agents are based on the neurotransmitters that are thought to influence symptoms of depression.

Treatment of nausea and vomiting ideally involves correcting the underlying cause. ... The neurotransmitters histamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, and dopamine frequently are implicated in these pathways and are the targets of most therapeutic modalities

Antiemetic -azine

-tidine

Antiulcer

The nurse is concerned that a client may experience systemic effects from a beta-blocker ophthalmic solution. The nurse realizes the client is able to self-administer the medication if the client instills the drops in which manner?

Applies digital pressure to the lacrimal sac for 1 to 2 minutes after instillation

The nurse is caring for a client with a burn injury to the lower legs. Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) is prescribed to be applied to the sites of injury. Which indicates the appropriate method to apply this medication?

Apply to cleansed, debrided wounds as prescribed.

A health care provider has written a prescription for ranitidine (Zantac) 300 mg once daily on the client's discharge medication list. The nurse plans to instruct the client to take the medication at which time? -tidine antiulcer

At bedtime/allows for prolonged effect and the greatest protection of gastric mucosa

The nurse is reviewing the health care provider's prescription sheet for the preoperative client, which states that the client must be on nothing by mouth (NPO) status after midnight. The nurse should clarify whether which medication should be given to the client rather than withheld?

Atenolol (Tenormin) /Atenolol is a beta blocker. Beta blockers should not be stopped abruptly, and the health care provider should be contacted about the administration of this medication before surgery. If a beta blocker is stopped abruptly, the myocardial need for oxygen is increased

The nurse is preparing a subcutaneous dose of bethanechol chloride (Urecholine) prescribed for a client with urinary retention. Before giving the dose, the nurse checks to see that which medication is available on the emergency cart?

Atropine sulfate

antidote for bethanechol chloride is

Atropine sulfate

Pilocarpine and carteolol are examples of miotic agents used in the treatment of glaucoma which med contradicts use with Pilocarpine

Atropine sulfate is a mydriatic and cycloplegic medication that is contraindicated for use in clients with glaucoma

A client recently began medication therapy with propranolol (Inderal-LA). The nurse should be most concerned after noting the presence of which effect in this client? /Propranolol is a beta blocker

Audible expiratory wheezes/ could indicate bronchospasm, a serious adverse reaction

client being placed on long-term anticoagulant therapy with warfarin sodium (Coumadin). The nurse reminds the client to do which?

Avoid taking products containing acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)/Warfarin sodium is an anticoagulant. The client should avoid taking aspirin because of its antiplatelet properties and should avoid taking other over-the-counter medications without checking with the health care provider first because they could contain ingredients that would interact with the warfarin sodium

The nurse is applying a topical corticosteroid to a client with eczema. The nurse should monitor for the potential for increased systemic absorption of the medication if the medication is being applied to which body area?

Axilla Rationale: Topical corticosteroids can be absorbed into the systemic circulation. Absorption is higher from regions where the skin is especially permeable (scalp, axilla, face, eyelids, neck, perineum, genitalia) and lower from regions in which permeability is poor (back, palms, soles).

A client with a history of hypertension has been prescribed triamterene (Dyrenium). The nurse determines that the client understands the effect of this medication on the diet if the client states to avoid which fruit?

Bananas / Triamterene is a potassium-retaining diuretic, and the client should avoid foods high in potassium. Fruits that are naturally higher in potassium include avocados, bananas, fresh oranges and mangoes, nectarines, papayas, and dried prunes and other dried fruits

The nurse is providing vaccine information to a second-day postpartum client who received a rubella vaccine. The nurse reminds the client to avoid which action after receiving this vaccine?

Becoming pregnant for 2 to 3 months/Rubella vaccine is a live attenuated virus that provides active immunity for 15 years. Because rubella is a live vaccine, it is potentially teratogenic during the organogenesis phase of fetal development. To avoid this risk, the nurse advises the client to avoid becoming pregnant for 2 to 3 months after receiving the vaccine

Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) is prescribed for a woman after the delivery of a newborn infant, and the nurse provides information to the woman about the purpose of the medication. The nurse determines that the woman understands the purpose of the medication if the woman states that it will protect her next baby from which condition?

Being affected by Rh incompatibility

Alprazolam (Xanax)

Benzodiazepine -pam, -lam

A 31-week preterm labor client dilated to 4 centimeters has been started on magnesium sulfate. Her contractions have stopped. If the client's labor can be inhibited for the next 48 hours, which medication does the nurse anticipate will be prescribed?

Betamethasone is given to stimulate fetal lung maturation

used to treat cancer. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells. This medication may also be used to control the build-up of fluid around the lungs (pleural effusion) caused by tumors that have spread to the lungs.

Bleomycin

Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant. To avoid toxicity from high drug levels and to avoid organ rejection

Blood levels of the medication will need to be measured periodically

Methylergonovine, which is an ergot alkaloid, is an agent that is used to prevent or control postpartum hemorrhage by contracting the uterus. Methylergonovine causes continuous uterine contractions and may elevate the

Blood pressure

The nurse is administering a dose of prochlorperazine to a client for nausea and vomiting. The nurse tells the client to report which frequent side effect of this medication? -azine antiemetic drug that prevents or stops vomiting

Blurred vision/are dry eyes, dry mouth, and constipation

A client who has developed atrial fibrillation that is not responding to medication therapy has begun taking warfarin (Coumadin). The nurse is reinforcing dietary discharge teaching with the client. The nurse should plan to teach the client to avoid which food while taking this medication?

Broccoli / Anticoagulant medications work by antagonizing the action of vitamin K, which is needed for clotting. When a client is taking an anticoagulant, foods high in vitamin K often are omitted from the diet. Vitamin K is found in large amounts in green leafy vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, turnip greens, and lettuce

The nurse is administering a dose of a prescribed diuretic to an assigned client. The nurse should plan to monitor the client for hypokalemia as a side effect of therapy if the client is receiving which medication?

Bumetanide is a loop diuretic that places the client at risk for hypokalemia. The nurse would monitor this client carefully for signs of hypokalemia, monitor serum potassium levels, and encourage intake of high-potassium foods

The nurse should instruct the client taking atomoxetine (Strattera) to avoid foods containing which substance?

Caffeine / The action of atomoxetine is central nervous system (CNS) stimulation. Thus, the client should avoid other CNS stimulants, such as caffeine. The substances

The nurse is caring for a client with Paget's disease who has an elevated serum calcium level of 12.3 mEq/L. The nurse checks to see that which medication is available in the stock medication supply area for possible use to reverse this elevation?

Calcitonin (Calcimar) / The normal serum calcium level is 9 to 11 mg/dL. Calcitonin, a thyroid hormone, decreases the plasma calcium level by increasing the incorporation of calcium into the bones, thus keeping it out of the serum. In hypercalcemia, large doses of vitamin D should be avoided

tamoxifen (Soltamox). The nurse specifically monitors which laboratory value

Calcium level

A client with breast cancer is being treated with cyclophosphamide. The nurse plans care, knowing that this medication fits which classification?

Cell cycle phase nonspecific / Cyclophosphamide is an antineoplastic medication of the alkylating classification. Medications in this classification are cell cycle phase nonspecific and affect all phases of the reproductive cell cycle. Cell cycle phase-specific medications affect cells only during a certain phase of the reproductive cycle

A client with Crohn's disease is scheduled to receive an infusion of infliximab (Remicade). The nurse assisting in caring for the client should take which action to monitor the effectiveness of treatment?

Checking the frequency and consistency of bowel movements

H2 receptor antagonists

Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, & nizatidine reduce gastric acid secretion.

Methenamine is prescribed for a client with a gram-positive urinary tract infection. The nurse questions the prescription if which preexisting disorder is noted in the client's record?

Cirrhosis / Methenamine is contraindicated in clients with renal or hepatic disease or those with severe dehydration. The nurse would question the health care provider's prescription for this medication in the client with cirrhosis.

Tamoxifen is prescribed for the client with metastatic breast carcinoma. The nurse assists in planning care, knowing that which is the primary action of this medication?

Compete with estradiol for binding to estrogen in tissues containing high concentrations of receptors

Tamoxifen (Soltamox) is prescribed for the client with metastatic breast carcinoma. The nurse understands that which is the primary action of this medication?

Compete with estradiol for binding to estrogen in tissues containing high concentrations of receptors.

The licensed practical nurse (LPN) is assisting the registered nurse (RN) to create a teaching plan for the client receiving an antineoplastic medication. The LPN expects which information to be included?

Consult with health care providers (HCPs) before receiving immunizations.

A client with a burn injury is applying mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) to the wound. The client calls the health care provider's office and tells the nurse that the medication is uncomfortable and is causing a burning sensation. Which instructions should the nurse reinforce to the client?

Continue with the treatment because this is expected.

A client with bladder cancer is receiving cisplatin and vincristine (Oncovin). The nurse plans care, knowing that which is the purpose of administering both of these medications?

Decrease medication resistance and reduce medication toxicity / Cisplatin is an alkylating medication and vincristine is a vinca alkaloid. Alkylating medications are cell cycle phase nonspecific. Vinca alkaloids are cell cycle phase specific. Combinations of medications are used to enhance tumoricidal effects. Use of combination medications decreases medication resistance, increases destruction of cancer cells, and reduces medication toxicity.

The nurse is collecting data from a client receiving pioglitazone (Actos) 30 mg orally daily. Which finding indicates that the client is experiencing the expected result of the action of this medication?

Decreased fasting blood glucose and reduced hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c)

Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) is prescribed for the treatment of diabetes insipidus. The nurse monitors the client after medication administration for which therapeutic response?

Decreased urinary output

A client has a new medication prescription for allopurinol (Zyloprim). A practical nursing student co-assigned with the licensed practical nurse (LPN) states, "I know this is for gout, but how does it work?" In formulating a response, the LPN includes that allopurinol works in which manner?

Decreases uric acid production

A client who has sustained an eye injury has been prescribed corticosteroid eye drops. The nurse should most carefully monitor for side effects of this medication if the client has which health problem listed on the medical record?

Diabetes mellitus/The client with diabetes mellitus is especially at risk for side effects when taking this medication, which is a corticosteroid

Infliximab (Remicade)

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD). Interrupts complex immune responses, preventing disease progression. Uses: slow joint degeneration and progression of rheumatoid arthritis.

A client with chronic glaucoma is being started on medication therapy with acetazolamide. The nurse reinforces instructions to the client that which symptom can occur early but subsides or disappears with continued treatment?

Diuresis

The nurse is preparing to reinforce instructions to the client who has been given a prescription for diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil). Which instructions should the nurse include?

Do not exceed the recommended dose because it can be habit forming/Diphenoxylate with atropine is an antidiarrheal, and the client should not exceed the recommended dose because it may be habit forming. Because it is an antidiarrheal, it should not be taken with a laxative. Side effects of the medication include dry mouth and drowsiness.

A client with cancer has received a course of chemotherapy with fluorouracil (Adrucil). The nurse should plan to reinforce which instructions?

Do not get any immunizations without health care provider approval/ Because antineoplastic medications lower the body's resistance, the nurse teaches the client to avoid getting immunizations without health care provider approval. The client also should avoid contact with individuals who recently have received a live virus vaccine

The nurse is teaching a mother how to administer ear drops to an infant. The nurse determines the mother understands instructions if the mother demonstrates pulling the ear in which manner?

Down and back and directing the solution toward the wall of the canal

A client has been given a prescription for trimethoprim (Proloprim). The nurse determines that the client understands how to use the medication properly if the client states an intention to perform which action?

Drink extra fluids while taking the medication/Trimethoprim is a sulfonamide used to treat urinary tract infections. Each dose of trimethoprim should be taken with a full glass of water, and the client should maintain a high fluid intake. The client should not be instructed to discontinue the medication

A client with a history of spinal cord injury is beginning medication therapy with baclofen (Lioresal). The nurse who is providing medication information should caution the client about which side effect of this medication?

Drowsiness

The nurse has just been given a prescription to administer albuterol (Proventil HFA) to a client. The nurse evaluates the effectiveness of the medication by checking which parameters before and during therapy?/Albuterol is an adrenergic bronchodilator

Dyspnea and lung sounds/ The nurse monitors respiratory pattern, lung sounds, pulse, and blood pressure before and during therapy

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (duloxetine) are used for chronic pain disorders, as are certain anticonvulsants (pregabalin) and benzodiazepines (alprazolam)

Each of these is used as an adjunct to the opioid medication

A client who recently began medication therapy with levodopa (Larodopa) for Parkinson's disease complains of nausea. The nurse reminds the client to do which action to manage this problem?

Eat a snack before taking the medication

A client with a urinary tract infection with dysuria is given a prescription for phenazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium) for symptom relief. Which should the nurse reinforce instructing the client about this medication?

Expect the urine to become reddish orange

The client with ovarian cancer is being treated with vincristine (Vincasar). The nurse monitors the client, knowing that which adverse effect is specific to this medication?

Extremity numbness

Antihistamines-zine

Fluphenazine

A child is being sent home on digoxin (Lanoxin) after being diagnosed with a congenital heart defect. The medication needs to be given once a day. Which should the nurse reinforce in the teaching plan for the family?

Give the medication in the morning 20 to 30 minutes before a feeding.

Propantheline bromide (Pro-Banthine) is prescribed for a client with bladder spasms. Which disorder, noted in the client's record, alerts the nurse to question the prescription for this medication?

Glaucoma / Propantheline bromide is contraindicated in clients with narrow-angle glaucoma, obstructive uropathy, gastrointestinal disease, or ulcerative colitis

A child with a right-to-left cardiac shunt is receiving propranolol (Inderal-LA). The health care provider visits the child and writes prescriptions in the child's record. The licensed practical nurse (LPN) reviews the prescriptions and notes that the child is placed on a nothing-by-mouth (NPO) status. The LPN consults with the registered nurse and prepares to monitor which parameter closely?

Glucose level/Propranolol, a beta blocker, is used in the palliative treatment of hypercyanotic episodes. It can cause hypoglycemia if administered in a child who is NPO or hypovolemic. The nurse should monitor glucose levels every 4 to 6 hours if the child is NPO or hypovolemic and receiving propranolol. The health care provider should be notified if the glucose level is less than 60 mg/dL

A client with carcinoma of the breast is admitted to the hospital for treatment with intravenous vincristine (Oncovin). The client tells the nurse that she has been told by her friends that she is going to lose all her hair. The nurse makes which appropriate response to the client?

Hair loss may occur, and it will grow back, but it may have a different color or texture

The client has been taking omeprazole (Prilosec) for 4 weeks. The nurse evaluates that the client is receiving an optimal intended effect of the medication if the client reports the absence of which symptom?

Heartburn

insulin has an onset of action of 15 to 30 minutes from injection time, peak action of 2 to 4 hours later, and a duration time of 4 to 8 hours

Humalog

A client in renal failure is receiving epoetin alfa (Epogen). The nurse should monitor the client for which adverse effect of this medication?

Hypertension

The nurse tells a client with leukemia that allopurinol (Zyloprim) has been added to the medication list. The client is currently receiving busulfan (Myleran). When the client asks the purpose of the new medication, the nurse responds that allopurinol is intended to prevent which complication?

Hyperuricemia/ Busulfan is an antineoplastic agent used in the treatment of acute myelocytic leukemia and in the palliative treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. This therapy can cause blood dyscrasias, leading to hyperuricemia. The client is then at risk of experiencing uric acid nephropathy, renal stones, and acute kidney injury. Allopurinol, an antigout medication, is used with chemotherapy to prevent or treat this complication of therapy. It also may be used in mouthwash following fluorouracil (Adrucil) therapy to prevent stomatitis. Allopurinol is not used to prevent alopecia or diabetes

The burn client is receiving treatments of topical mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) to the site of injury. The nurse monitors the client knowing that which indicates a systemic effect has occurred?

Hyperventilation

The nurse is caring for a child with heart failure and provides instructions to the mother regarding the procedure for administration of the prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin). Which statement by the mother indicates a need for further teaching?

I can mix the medication with food/Medication should not be mixed with food because this method of administration would not ensure that the child received the prescribed dose

The community health nurse visits a client at home who has been prescribed prednisone 5 mg orally daily. The nurse reinforces teaching for the client about the medication. Which statement made by the client indicates a need for further teaching

I can take aspirin or my antihistamine if I need it

A client is being discharged home, and the health care provider has prescribed spironolactone (Aldactone) for the client. The nurse reinforces instructions to the client about the medication. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching by the nurse?

I know I need to eat foods that are high in potassium because of the diuretic effect of the medication.

A client with dermatitis has been prescribed a topical corticosteroid for use on the affected areas, and the nurse has reinforced instructions about the use of this medication. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

I will apply a bandage over the site after applying the medication/An occlusive dressing (such as a bandage or plastic wrap) should not be used to cover the skin following the application of the topical corticosteroid, unless specifically prescribed by the health care provider

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to an adolescent who is taking phenytoin (Dilantin) for the control of seizures. Which statement by the adolescent indicates a need for further teaching regarding the medication?

If my gums become sore, I need to stop the medication/

carbidopa/levodopa (Sinemet) monitor the client for which adverse effect

Impaired voluntary movements

The nurse is monitoring a client who is receiving a dose of an adrenergic bronchodilator. The nurse plans to monitor for which side effect of this medication?

Increased pulse and blood pressure / Side effects of an adrenergic bronchodilator can include tachycardia, hypertension, chest pain, dysrhythmias, nervousness, restlessness, and headache, among others

Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) is prescribed for the client with a burn injury. When applying the medication, the client complains of local discomfort and burning. Which is the most appropriate nursing action?

Informing the client that this is normal

side effects of levothyroxine sodium

Insomnia, weight loss, and mild heat intolerance

Warfarin sodium (Coumadin) is prescribed for a client. The nurse expects that the health care provider will prescribe which laboratory test to monitor for a therapeutic effect of the medication?

International Normalized Ratio (INR) / The INR will assess for the therapeutic effect of warfarin sodium / Warfarin sodium doses are determined based on the results of the INR

Warfarin (Coumadin) is monitored using

International Normalized Ratio (INR). The INR is a standardized system of reporting prothrombin time (PT)

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to a client regarding the administration of lypressin. The nurse instructs the client that the medication will be taken by which routes?

Intranasal

A client diagnosed with diabetes insipidus is beginning medication therapy with lypressin. The nurse realizes the client understands instructions if the client comments the medicine will be taken in which manner?

Intranasally to promote water reabsorption

Fondaparinux (Arixtra)

It can treat blood clots and prevent them from forming after hip, knee, or stomach surgery

sulfamethoxazole -Antibiotics

It can treat or prevent infections

What is in the acid-ash diet?

It has received some attention in the lay community, and has been used to support the fad diet known as the Alkaline diet. According to the hypothesis, acid ash is produced by meat, poultry, cheese, fish, eggs, and grains. Alkaline ash is produced by fruits and vegetables, except cranberries, prunes and plums

morphine sulfate intravenous push for a client with pulmonary edema. Which therapeutic effects should the nurse expect in this client?

It relieves anxiety thereby decreasing oxygen demand. It reduces preload and afterload, vasodilating pulmonary and systemic blood vessels, decreasing oxygen demand, and improving efficacy of breathing

Dantrolene sodium is a skeletal muscle relaxant/ A licensed practical nurse (LPN) is reviewing laboratory results for a client taking dantrolene sodium (Dantrium). The LPN should suggest that the registered nurse notify the health care provider if which finding is noted on the laboratory report sheet?

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 600 units/L/ test looks for signs of damage to the body's tissues.

A client is being discharged to home with a prescription for eye drops to be given in the left eye. The nurse has shown the client how to self-administer the drops. The nurse determines that the client needs further teaching if the client performs which actions during a return demonstration?

Lies supine, pulls up on the upper lid, and puts the drop in the upper lid / It is correct procedure for the client to either lie down or sit with the head tilted back. The thumb or finger is used to pull down on the lower lid. The client holds the bottle like a pencil (tip facing downward) and squeezes the bottle so that one drop falls into the sac.

Pentamidine isethionate is an anti-infective medication to an assigned client by the intramuscular route. The nurse plans to monitor which parameter closely

Life-threatening and fatal hypotension can occur following the administration of this medication. The client must be in a supine position with frequent BP checks following administration

A client diagnosed with scabies has lindane prescribed. The nurse should plan to include which information when telling the client about the use of this product?

Lindane is applied in a thin layer to the entire body below the head and is washed off 8 to 12 hours later. Generally, only one application is required. No more than 30 g (1 oz) should be used

A client who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive has been taking zalcitabine (ddC) as a component of treatment. The nurse tells the client that which laboratory test will need to be monitored while taking this medication?

Liver function studies/ antiretroviral (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) used in the management of HIV infection with other antiretrovirals. It also has been used as a single agent in clients who are intolerant of or who progress on other regimens. It can cause serious liver damage, and liver function studies should be monitored closely.

The nurse has a prescription to give a client a scheduled dose of digoxin (Lanoxin). Before administering the medication, the nurse routinely screens for which signs/symptoms that could indicate early signs of digoxin toxicity?

Loss of appetite, nausea, and vomiting/Loss of appetite and nausea are early signs of digoxin toxicity

The nurse is caring for a client taking an oral hypoglycemic agent (sulfonylurea) has just been diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. The health care provider plans to treat the infection with sulfamethoxazole. The nurse expects that because of medication interactions, the health care provider will prescribe a prescription in which manner?

Lower dose of the oral hypoglycemic/ Sulfonamide antibiotics such as sulfamethoxazole can intensify the effects of warfarin, phenytoin, and oral hypoglycemics. Many oral hypoglycemic agents are classified as sulfonylureas. When combined with sulfonamides, these medications may require a reduction in dosage

Phenelzine (Nardil)

MAOI antidepressant /avoid foods high in tyramine because they could trigger a potentially fatal hypertensive crisis. Foods to avoid include aged cheeses; smoked or processed meats; red wines; and avocados, raisins, or figs

Isocarboxazid (Marplan)

MAOI. Increases norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin by blocking MAO-A. Avoid foods containing tryamine. Antihypertensives have additive hypotensive effect. Contraindicated with SSRIs, tricyclics, heart failure, CVA, renal insufficiency. Side effects: CNS stimulation, orthostatic hypotension, hypertensive crisis with intake of tryamine, SSRIs, and tricylics.

Mafenide is an antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body. Mafenide topical (for the skin) is used to prevent infection in severe burn wounds. Mafenide may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Mafenide (INN; usually as mafenide acetate, trade name Sulfamylon) is a sulfonamide-type medication used as an antibiotic

The nurse is administering alendronate (Fosamax) to a client. Which nursing intervention is most important for the nurse to consider when giving this medication?

Make sure the client remains upright for 30 minutes after taking the medication / Alendronate is used to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Clients must remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication to prevent esophageal irritation and resultant ulceration. The medication must be taken in the morning before food and other medications and with 6 to 8 ounces of water

A client is being discharged with a prescription for propranolol (Inderal). When reinforcing instructions to the client about the medication, the nurse should include which information?

Medication should be withheld if the pulse rate drops below 60 beats per minute

The nurse reinforces instructions to the client prescribed to take cyclosporine (Sandimmune) oral solution. Which instruction should the nurse provide?

Mix the concentration with chocolate milk / To improve palatability, the client should be taught to mix the concentrated medication solution with chocolate milk or orange juice just before administration. Grapefruit juice can raise cyclosporine levels. The client is instructed to dispense the oral liquid into a glass container using a specially calibrated pipette; mix it well and drink it immediately; fill the container with a diluent such as water and drink it to ensure ingestion of the complete dose; dry the outside of the pipette and return to its cover for storage

A female client undergoing chemotherapy with intravenous vincristine sulfate (Oncovin) has been given information about the treatment. The nurse determines that the client has adequate understanding of the side effects of treatment if the client makes which statement about her hair?

My hair may be lost temporarily but may grow back with a different color and texture

Epidural analgesia is administered to a woman for pain relief after a cesarean birth. The nurse assigned to care for the woman ensures that which medication is readily available if respiratory depression occurs?

Naloxone (Narcan)

The client has a PRN prescription for ondansetron (Zofran). For which condition should this medication be administered to the postoperative client?

Nausea and vomiting

A histamine (H2)-receptor antagonist will be prescribed for a client. The nurse understands that which medications are H2-receptor antagonists?

Nizatidine (Axid) Ranitidine (Zantac) Famotidine (Pepcid) Cimetidine (Tagamet)

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an intravenous (IV) infusion of an antineoplastic medication. During the infusion, the client complains of pain at the insertion site. During an inspection of the site, the nurse notes redness and swelling. The nurse should take which appropriate action?

Notify the registered nurse.

A client has a prescription for sucralfate (Carafate) 1 g by mouth 4 times daily. The nurse writes in the medication record to administer the medication at which time?

One hour before meals and at bedtime/Sucralfate is a medication that should be scheduled for administration 1 hour before meals and at bedtime. The medication is scheduled so that it has time to form a protective coating over the ulcer before food intake stimulates chemical and mechanical irritation

Humalog insulin is prescribed for a child with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The nurse is reinforcing a teaching session with the child and mother about the onset, peak, and duration times of the insulin. The nurse provides which information about this type of insulin?

Onset of 15 to 30 minutes from injection time, peak of 2 to 4 hours later, and duration time of 4 to 8 hours

administer the iron with which best food item?

Orange juice

The nurse notes that meloxicam (Mobic) is prescribed for a client. The nurse anticipates the client to have which diagnosis?

Osteoarthritis

Methylergonovine is prescribed for a client with postpartum hemorrhage. Before administering the medication, the nurse should question administration of the medication if which condition is documented in the client's medical history?

Peripheral vascular disease Rationale: Methylergonovine is an ergot alkaloid that is used to treat postpartum hemorrhage. Ergot alkaloids are avoided in clients with significant cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, eclampsia, or preeclampsia because these conditions are worsened by the vasoconstrictive effects of the ergot alkaloids.

A client with diabetes mellitus visits a health care clinic. The client's diabetes mellitus previously had been well controlled with glyburide (DiaBeta) daily, but recently the fasting blood glucose level has been 180 to 200 mg/dL. Which medication, added to the client's regimen, may have contributed to the hyperglycemia?

Prednisone

A client is receiving tacrolimus (Prograf) to prevent organ rejection. The nurse expects to administer the dose with which medication that is also normally prescribed?

Prednisone is a glucocorticoid.

Stavudine is an antiretroviral (protease inhibitor) used in the management of HIV infection in clients who do not respond to or who cannot tolerate conventional therapy. The medication can cause

Presence of paresthesias/peripheral neuropathy

A client with lung cancer is receiving a high dose of methotrexate (Rheumatrex). Leucovorin (citrovorum factor, folic acid) is also prescribed. The nurse who is assisting in planning care for the client understands that administering the leucovorin is for which purpose?

Preserve normal cells.

A client is being treated for moderate hypertension and has been taking diltiazem (Cardizem) for several months. The client is seen by the health care provider, and Prinzmetal's angina is diagnosed. The nurse planning care for the client understands that which action of the medication will provide a therapeutic effect for this new diagnosis?

Prevents influx of calcium ions in vascular smooth muscle / Diltiazem is a calcium-channel blocker that inhibits calcium influx through the slow channels of the membrane of smooth muscle cells. Calcium-channel blockers decrease myocardial oxygen demands and block calcium channels, thereby decreasing the force of contraction of the ventricular tissue

A client experiencing preterm labor at 29 weeks' gestation has been admitted to the hospital. The client has a prescription to receive betamethasone. The nurse explains to the client that the medication will produce which effect? /Betamethasone is classified as an anti-inflammatory and corticosteroid

Promote maturation of the fetal lungs/ Betamethasone /increases the surfactant level and lung maturity in the fetus, which reduces the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome. Delivery must be delayed for at least 48 hours after administration of betamethasone to allow time for the lungs of the fetus to mature

The nurse in the emergency department is preparing to instill fluorescein into the eye of a client with the complaint of eye pain. The nurse understands that which is the rationale for the use of this medication?

Provide visualization of injury to the cornea

The client has begun medication therapy with pancrelipase (Pancrease MT). The nurse evaluates that the medication is having the optimal intended benefit if which effect is observed?

Reduction of steatorrhea

The home care nurse visits a client recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who is taking Humulin NPH insulin daily. The client asks the nurse how to store the unopened vials of insulin. The nurse should provide which information?

Refrigerate the insulin

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to a client regarding epoetin alfa (Epogen) that will be administered subcutaneously by the client at home. The nurse tells the client to do which action?

Refrigerate the medication/ The medication should be refrigerated but not frozen. The client should be instructed not to shake the medicine bottle. Syringes with a ⅝-inch needle are used to administer subcutaneous injections

A histamine (H2)-receptor antagonist will be prescribed for a client. The nurse understands that which medications are H2-receptor antagonists?

Relief of epigastric pain

A client has begun taking lansoprazole (Prevacid). The nurse monitors for which intended effect of this medication?/Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion -prazole. Proton pump inhibitor anti ulcer

Relief of nighttime heartburn/Lansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion.

antirheumatic

Relieves or cures rheumatism

Tacrolimus (Prograf) is prescribed for a client. Which disorder, noted on the client's record, indicates that the medication needs to be administered with caution?

Renal insufficiency / Tacrolimus is used with caution in immunosuppressed clients and those with renal or hepatic function impairment. It is contraindicated in clients with hypersensitivity to this medication or hypersensitivity to cyclosporine

pregnant client is receiving magnesium sulfate for the management of preeclampsia. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing toxicity

Respirations of 10 breaths per minute

client with a urinary tract infection is beginning medication therapy with nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin). The nurse realizes further instructions are necessary if the client states he will need to avoid which item?

Rhubarb

A client with an infected leg wound that is draining purulent material has a prescription for sodium hypochlorite (Dakin solution) to be used in the care of the wound. The nurse should perform which action while using this solution?

Rinse off the solution immediately following irrigation.

The nurse is helping prepare instructions for a client who has developed stomatitis following the administration of a course of antineoplastic medications. Which instruction does the nurse suggest to include in the plan of care?

Rinse the mouth with diluted baking soda or saline

The nurse is assigned to care for a client with metastatic breast cancer who is taking tamoxifen citrate. The nurse monitors for which trends in laboratory values that should indicate an adverse effect?

Rising serum calcium level / Tamoxifen citrate may increase calcium, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels.

The nurse is administering gentamicin sulfate ophthalmic ointment to a client. After instilling the ointment, the nurse reinforces instructions to the client to close the eye and perform which action?

Roll the eyeball in all directions

Pram, ine

SSRIs (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, citalopram, escitalopram)

A health care provider tells the nurse that a potassium-retaining diuretic is being prescribed for the client with heart failure. The nurse reviews the health care provider's prescriptions, expecting that which medication will be prescribed?

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

A client is scheduled for subtotal thyroidectomy. Potassium iodide (Lugol solution) is prescribed. The nurse understands that which outcome is the therapeutic effect of this medication?

Suppress thyroid hormone production

Long-term ingestion of potassium iodide can produce iodism

Symptoms include a brassy taste, burning sensations in the mouth, soreness of gums and teeth, frontal headache, nasal congestion, salivation, and skin lesions. If these occur, the nurse should withhold the medication and notify the RN, who will then contact the health care provider

A client is beginning to take trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim) for a recurrent urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse should reinforce which instructions to the client regarding this medication?

Take each dose with 8 oz of water, and drink extra water each day/ Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is a sulfonamide

A client is newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine (Synthroid) is prescribed. The nurse should reinforce to the client which instructions about the medication?

Take on an empty stomach

A client with peptic ulcer disease has a new prescription for propantheline (Pro-Banthine). Which client teaching instructions should the nurse reinforce?/ Propantheline is classified as an antimuscarinic, anticholinergic medication that decreases gastrointestinal secretions

Take the medication 30 minutes before meals

cyclosporine oral solution

Take the medicine at the same time each day. Measure liquid medicine carefully. Use the dosing syringe provided, and make sure it is completely dry before measuring your dose. Sandimmune oral solution may be mixed with milk, chocolate milk, or orange juice at room temperature to make the medicine taste better

A client has arrived in the clinic complaining of dyspepsia and pain that occurs about 90 minutes after eating. The client also reports that the pain got worse this afternoon about 3 hours after eating a large bowl of spaghetti with tomato sauce. Laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). The nurse anticipates that the health care provider will prescribe which medications?

The client is describing symptoms associated with a duodenal ulcer. Clarithromycin and metronidazole are two of the antibiotics frequently prescribed to treat H. pylori infection, which is a common cause of duodenal ulcers. A proton pump inhibitor, like esomeprazole, is prescribed to help decrease gastric acid secretions

A licensed practical nurse has observed a client self-administer a dose of an adrenergic bronchodilator via metered-dose inhaler. Within a short time, the client begins to wheeze loudly. Which action should the nurse take?

The client taking an adrenergic bronchodilator may experience paradoxical bronchospasm, which is evidenced by the client's wheezing. This can occur with excessive use of inhalers. If this occurs, further medication should be withheld, and the RN immediately notified

A client with hepatic encephalopathy is receiving lactulose (Cephulac). The nurse determines that the medication is effective if which finding is observed?

The client who was previously oriented to person only can now state name, year, and present location

A client who exhibits fatigue, lack of energy, constipation, and depression is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The health care provider prescribes levothyroxine (Synthroid). To increase the likelihood of medication compliance in the early course of treatment, the nurse plans to reinforce which information?

The full therapeutic effect may take 1 to 3 weeks

Desmopressin promotes renal conservation of water

The hormone carries out this action by acting on the collecting ducts of the kidney to increase their permeability to water, which results in increased water reabsorption

The parent of a client taking atomoxetine (Strattera) asks how the medication works to control attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The nurse's correct explanation is based on which fact?

The medication inhibits norepinephrine (NE) transport and reuptake

A licensed practical nurse (LPN) is assisting in the care of a client who is receiving oxytocin (Pitocin) to induce labor. The LPN plans to notify the registered nurse immediately if which is noted?

The uterus becomes hyperstimulated/Induction of labor is the initiation of labor through mechanical or pharmacological means. Oxytocin is a synthetic hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and is a medication commonly used to induce labor. A major danger associated with this medication is hyperstimulation of uterine contractions, which decreases placental perfusion and causes fetal distress. For this reason, the oxytocin infusion must be discontinued if signs of uterine hyperstimulation occur. Early decelerations of the fetal heart rate are a reassuring sign and do not indicate fetal distress.

Vancomycin has been prescribed. The nurse plans to monitor which item associated with effectiveness of this medication?

Therapeutic serum levels/ Vancomycin is classified as a tricyclic glycopeptide antibiotic and acts by producing a bactericidal effect. Therapeutic serum levels are drawn on a regular basis to ensure effectiveness of this medication

Oxytocin stimulates uterine contractions, and it is one of the common pharmacological methods used to induce labor. An adverse effect associated with the administration of the medication is the hyperstimulation of uterine contractions

Therefore, oxytocin infusion must be stopped when any signs of uterine hyperstimulation

A client receiving nifedipine (Procardia) for angina complains of feeling listless, with generalized weakness and no energy. The nurse recognizes that which statement is true in regard to these symptoms?

These symptoms are expected effects of the medication / The client receiving a calcium-channel blocking agent such as nifedipine may develop weakness and lethargy as expected effects of the medication

Sulfonylureas

They are antidiabetic drugs widely used in the management of diabetes mellitus type 2. They act by increasing insulin release from the beta cells in the pancreas.

urinary analgesic

This medication is used to relieve symptoms caused by irritation of the urinary tract such as pain, burning, and the feeling of needing to urinate urgently or frequently. ... Phenazopyridine is a dye that works as a painkiller to soothe the lining of the urinary tract.

How is hypoglycemic episode treated?

Three to four glucose tablets. One tube of glucose gel. Four to six pieces of hard candy (not sugar-free) 1/2 cup fruit juice. 1 cup skim milk. 1/2 cup soft drink (not sugar-free)

DDAVP is used in the management of diabetes insipidus

Thus the action of the medication is to cause water retention. Adverse effects of DDAVP then could include water intoxication or hyponatremia. Early signs include drowsiness, listlessness, and headache. Decreased urination, rapid weight gain, confusion, seizures, and coma also may occur as a result of overhydration

The nurse is assisting with caring for a client with cancer who is receiving cisplatin. Which adverse effects are associated with this medication? Select all that apply.

Tinnitus Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Hypomagnesemia

The nurse has a routine prescription to instill erythromycin ointment into the eyes of a newborn. The nurse explains to the parents that this medication is used for which purpose?

To protect the newborn from contracting an eye infection from the birth process/The use of eye prophylaxis with an agent such as erythromycin protects the newborn from contracting a conjunctival infection during birth

Somatrem (Protropin) is administered to a client with pituitary dwarfism. Which is the expected therapeutic effect of this medication?

To stimulate linear growth

The nurse is caring for a client after a thyroidectomy and notes that calcium gluconate is prescribed for the client. The nurse determines that this medication has been prescribed for which reason?

Treat hypocalcemic tetany

Isotretinoin (Amnesteem, Clavaris) is prescribed for a client with severe acne. Before the administration of this medication, the nurse anticipates that which laboratory test will be prescribed?

Triglyceride level

Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine) is prescribed for a client. When should the nurse tell the client to take the medication?

Two hours after meals / Administration of bethanechol with meals can cause nausea and vomiting in the client. To avoid this problem, oral doses should be administered 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals

Zidovudine (Retrovir) Complete blood count (CBC)

Tx: HIV/ is a nucleoside-nucleotide reverse transcriptase. An adverse effect of this medication therapy is granulocytopenia and anemia. The nurse carefully monitors the CBC results for these changes

A client has been instructed by the health care provider to alternate the use of hydrogen peroxide and glycerin eardrops to loosen an impacted accumulation of earwax. The nurse gives the client which directions to accomplish this daily procedure safely and independently?

Use the solutions at body temperature for 7 to 14 days

Bethanechol chloride (Urecholine)

Used in renal disorders; Indicated as a cholinergic used to treat: urinary retention, neurogenic bladder, gastric reflux; adverse reactions: orthostatic hypotention, flushing, asthmatic reaction, GI distress; don't give IV or IM; monitor VS; empty stomach is a cholinergic agent and stimulates the bladder to empty used to treat urinary retention (difficulty urinating)

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving oxytocin (Pitocin) to induce labor. The nurse should discontinue the oxytocin infusion and notify the registered nurse if which is noted on data collection of the client?

Uterine hyperstimulation

A client with severe acne is seen in the clinic, and the health care provider (HCP) prescribes isotretinoin (Amnesteem, Clavaris). The nurse reviews the client's medication record and should contact the HCP if the client is taking which medication?

Vitamin A

A client newly diagnosed with gout has been prescribed allopurinol (Zyloprim). The nurse should question the health care provider if the dose for which medication already prescribed has not changed?

Warfarin sodium (Coumadin

The nurse is reading the laboratory results for a client being treated with carbamazepine (Tegretol) for prophylaxis of complex-partial seizures. The nurse interprets that which value is consistent with an adverse effect to this medication?

White blood cell count 3200 cells/mm3

client with recurrent constipation has begun using psyllium (Metamucil). The nurse tells this client that this medication should be taken in which manner?

With a full glass of liquid, followed by a second glass of liquid/ Metamucil is a bulk-forming laxative. It should be taken with a full glass of water or juice, followed by another glass of liquid. This will help prevent impaction of the medication in the stomach or small intestine

A urinary analgesic is prescribed for a client with a urinary tract infection. When should the nurse tell the client that it is best to take the medication?

With meals / A urinary antiseptic is administered with meals to decrease gastrointestinal side effects.

The nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client regarding how to mix regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe. Which action performed by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

Withdraws the NPH insulin first

salicylic acid

a bitter compound present in certain plants. It is used as a fungicide and in the manufacture of aspirin

Guaifenesin is an expectorant. It should be taken with

a full glass of water to decrease viscosity of secretions

antibiotic - cycline/ mycin

a medicine (such as penicillin or its derivatives) that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms

Pancrelipase (Pancrease MT)

a pancreatic enzyme used in clients with pancreatitis as a digestive aid. The medication should reduce the amount of fatty stools (steatorrhea)

Tamoxifen

a selective estrogen receptor modulator that acts as an estrogen antagonist in breast tissue and is administered orally in the form of its citrate C26H29NO·C6H8O7 especially to treat breast cancer or reduce the risk of its development or reoccurrence — see nolvadex

Dapsone may be prescribed for the treatment of toxoplasmosis. The medication is taken orally on a daily basis. The medication suppresses bone marrow activity, and the complete blood count is monitored closely for

a sore throat to the health care provider

Nalidixic acid

a synthetic compound which inhibits the multiplication of bacteria, used chiefly to treat urinary infections

Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication. It should be

administered with food to minimize gastrointestinal irritation

Antiviral

agent that destroys viruses -vir

Vincristine (Oncovin)

an alkaloid that is obtained from the rosy periwinkle and that is used especially in the form of its sulfate to treat some human neoplastic diseases (as acute leukemia) — called also leurocristine

Allopurinol (Zyloprim)

an antigout medication that may increase the effect of oral anticoagulants

Exenatide (Byetta)

an incretin mimetic used for type 2 diabetes mellitus only

A client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Pneumocystis jiroveci infection has been receiving pentamidine isethionate (Pentam 300). The nurse assisting in caring for the client monitors the client most closely for which adverse effect?

anemia / Pentamidine isethionate is an anti-infective medication. Adverse effects of this medication include leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia

Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) medication. Interactions may occur with

anticoagulants such as warfarin, resulting in increased risk for bleeding

Magnesium sulfate is an

anticonvulsant/ Seizures do not occur.

Hair loss occurs with nearly all

antineoplastic medications

calcium-channel blocking

any of a class of drugs (as verapamil) that prevent or slow the influx of calcium ions into smooth muscle cells especially of the heart and that are used especially to treat some forms of angina pectoris and some cardiac arrhythmias.

sulfonamide

any of a class of synthetic drugs, derived from sulfanilamide, which are able to prevent the multiplication of some pathogenic bacteria

Sulfonamides

any of a class of synthetic drugs, derived from sulfanilamide, which are able to prevent the multiplication of some pathogenic bacteria/inhibit growth and multiplication of bacteria, but do not kill them

Retroviruses

any of a group of RNA viruses which insert a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate, e.g. HIV.

Aminoglycosides

any of a group of antibiotics (as streptomycin and neomycin) that inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and are active especially against gram-negative bacteria.

rheumatism

any painful disorder of the joints or muscles or connective tissues

Axilla

armpit

Methenamine

as a urinary antiseptic especially to treat bacteriuria associated with cystitis and pyelitis

tinnitus

associated with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) toxicity.

Methocarbamol is a skeletal muscle relaxant. The client should be told that the urine may turn brown, black, or green. Adverse effects include

blurred vision, nasal congestion, urticaria, and rash. The client must be instructed that if these adverse effects occur, the health care provider needs to be notified

Expected findings with chemotherapy include

bruising due to low platelet counts, possible infections from a low white blood cell and neutrophil count, and fatigue from a low red blood cell count/also causes alopecia, which is loss of all hair, and it commonly causes anorexia, nausea, and vomiting.

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

causes blood dyscrasias, such as decreased platelet counts and decreased white blood cells counts; it contributes to constipation as well. Gingival hyperplasia can occur, causing gums to bleed easily, and blood glucose levels can elevate

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

class of antidepressant drugs sometimes used for treating depression

Fluphenazine

classified as an antidepressant and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Dry mouth is a common side effect /Use hard, sour candy or sugarless gum

Sertraline (Zoloft) SSRI -ine

classified as an antidepressant and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. It is generally administered once every 24 hours. It may be administered in the morning or evening, but evening may be preferable because drowsiness is a side effect

An older client recently has been taking cimetidine (Tagamet). The nurse should monitor the client for which most frequent central nervous system side effect of this medication?

confusion

Older clients are especially susceptible to CNS side effects of cimetidine, of which

confusion is most common

Metformin is contraindicated with a

creatinine level greater than 1.4 mg/dL

Fatty stools are seen in the client with

cystic fibrosis

Beta Blockers

decrease heart rate and dilate arteries by blocking beta receptors -olol Atenolol

brompheniramine (BroveX). The nurse reinforces instructions to the client to expect which side effect of this medication?/ This medication is an antihistamine, and frequent side effects are

drowsiness or sedation. Others include blurred vision, hypertension, dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, and sweating

antiemetic

drug that prevents or stops vomiting

Antimuscarinic

drugs relax smooth muscle, decrease the secretion of saliva, sweat, and digestive juice, and dilate the pupil of the eye/inhibiting the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system

For a client with preeclampsia, the goal of care is directed at preventing

eclampsia (seizures)

A client with eczema has a prescription for a topical corticosteroid. The nurse cautions the client to use the product carefully in which area where the risk of systemic absorption is greater?

face/topical corticosteroids to be absorbed into the systemic circulation. This occurs more frequently in areas where the skin is especially permeable (scalp, axillae, face, eyelids, neck, perineum, genitalia) and less in areas where penetration is poorer (back, palms, soles)

steatorrhea

fat in the feces

Betamethasone, which is a glucocorticoid, is given to stimulate

fetal lung maturation

An adverse effect of propylthiouracil PTU is agranulocytosis. The client should be alert for this effect by noting the presence of

fever or sore throat, which should be reported immediately

Magnesium sulfate is a central nervous system depressant, and it relaxes smooth muscle, including the uterus. It is used to stop preterm labor contractions, and it is used for preeclamptic clients to prevent seizures. Adverse effects include

flushing, depressed respirations, depressed deep tendon reflexes, hypotension, extreme muscle weakness, decreased urine output, pulmonary edema, and elevated serum magnesium levels.

Medications that are prescribed for long-term control of tonic-clonic seizures are

gabapentin, ethosuximide, and carbamazepine

Divalproex sodium is an anticonvulsant. The most frequent side effects of medication therapy are

gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances such as nausea, vomiting, and indigestion

Humalog (insulin lispro)

has an onset of action of 15 to 30 minutes from injection time, peak action of 2 to 4 hours later, and a duration time of 4 to 8 hours

Metformin (Glucophage)

helps to control the amount of glucose in your blood. It decreases the amount of glucose absorbed from food and the amount of glucose made by the liver

aPTT will assess the therapeutic effect of

heparin sodium

Griseofulvin (topical and oral) is the treatment of choice for tinea capitis. For topical treatment to be effective, topical medication must penetrate the hair follicles. Topical therapy alone is not effective, and oral medication is prescribed. Because the medication is insoluble in water, absorption of the medication is improved if it is taken with

high-fat meal or with milk

Levothyroxine sodium (Synthroid)

hormone used to tx hypothyroidism, morning is preferred to prevent insomnia. CV s/e- tachy, palp, dysrythmias, angina pectoris, withhold if pulse is more than 100 bpm. CNS- nervousness and tremors, notify MD if diarrhea, excessive sweating, heat intolerance, wt loss > 2 lb/wk. prolongs prothrombin time

Serotonin syndrome signs/symptoms include

hyperactivity (not lethargy), tachycardia (not bradycardia), fever, elevated blood pressure, altered mental status, irrationality, seizures, myoclonus, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloating, and apnea

Mafenide acetate is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor and can suppress renal excretion of acid, thereby causing acidosis. Clients receiving this treatment should be monitored for signs of an acid-base imbalance is

hyperventilation

Rapid-acting insulin such as lispro (Humalog) peaks

in 30 to 90 minutes after subcutaneous administration. Peak times of insulin correlates with the highest incidence of hypoglycemia

stomatitis

inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth

Anticholinergics

inhibiting the physiological action of acetylcholine, especially as a neurotransmitter

Acarbose (an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor)

inhibits digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, and thereby reduces the postprandial rise in blood glucose. To be effective, the medication must be taken with each meal; a full glass of water alone is not enough sustenance. The major adverse effects of acarbose are gastrointestinal disturbances including flatulence, cramps, and abdominal distention.

vitamin C increases the absorption of

iron

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

is a cardiac glycoside

Epoetin alfa (Epogen)

is a form of erythropoietin (a substance naturally made by the kidneys) that is made in the laboratory. It helps the bone marrow make more red blood cells, is a type of antianemic and a type of erythropoiesis-stimulating agent

Exenatide (Byetta)

is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 receptor agonist) medication used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. ... Exenatide belonging to the group of incretin mimetics

Somatrem (Protropin)

is a growth stimulator used in the long-term treatment of growth failure resulting from growth hormone deficiency. It stimulates linear growth and increases the number and size of muscle cells and red cell mass.

Diazepam (Valium)

is a medication that is prescribed to halt tonic-clonic episodes

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

is a potassium-retaining diuretic that is used to treat edema, hypertension, fluid retention and overload, and to increase urine output. Because the medication is a potassium-retaining diuretic and an adverse effect of the medication is hyperkalemia, the client should be cautioned about consuming foods that are high in potassium

Epoetin alfa (Epogen)

is a prescription medicine used to treat a lower than normal number of red blood cells (anemia) caused by chronic kidney disease in patients on dialysis to reduce or avoid the need for red blood cell transfusions

Cyclobenzaprine

is a skeletal muscle relaxant

The nurse is assigned to care for a client with a diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The health care provider has prescribed sulfasalazine (Azulfidine). The nurse preparing to administer the medication understands that this medication is in which drug category?

is a sulfonamide and produces anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects

subtotal thyroidectomy

is a surgical procedure, in which the surgeon leaves a small thyroid remnant in situ to preserve thyroid function, thereby preventing lifelong thyroid hormone supplementation therapy. Aim. ... Thyroid function was defined according to plasma TSH and free T4 values

Fluorescein

is a water-soluble dye that produces an intense green color. This agent is applied to the surface of the eye to detect lesions of the corneal epithelium; intact areas of the cornea remain uncolored but abrasions and other defects turn bright green

Lypressin

is administered by the intranasal route. It is used for diabetes insipidus. The usual adult dosage is one or two sprays into each nostril four times daily

Potassium iodide (Lugol solution)

is administered to hyperthyroid individuals in preparation for thyroidectomy to suppress thyroid function. Initial effects develop within 24 hours; peak effects develop in 10 to 15 days

dizziness

is an adverse effect and may be a sign of hypoglycemia

Sucralfate (Carafate)

is an anti-ulcer medication/is not greatly absorbed into the body through the digestive tract. It works mainly in the lining of the stomach by adhering to ulcer sites and protecting them from acids, enzymes, and bile salts/is used to treat an active duodenal ulcer

Erythromycin

is an antibiotic

warfarin sodium (Coumadin)

is an anticoagulant

Carbamazepine

is an anticonvulsant

Adenosine (Adenocard)

is an antidysrhythmic

Fluconazole

is an antifungal agent

Ergonovine maleate (Ergotrate)

is an antimigraine medication

Propantheline bromide (Pro-Banthine)

is an antimuscarinic agent used for the treatment of excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), cramps or spasms of the stomach, intestines (gut) or bladder, and involuntary urination (enuresis)

conjugated estrogens

is an estrogen used for hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women

Ferrous Sulfate

is an oral iron preparation used to treat iron deficiency anemia

Asparaginase (Elspar) is an anti-cancer ("antineoplastic" or "cytotoxic") chemotherapy drug. This medication is classified as an "enzyme

is contraindicated if the client has pancreatitis or a history of the same. Because this medication impairs pancreatic function, tests to monitor pancreatic function should be performed before initiating therapy and when a week or more has elapsed between the administration of the doses. The client also is monitored for signs of pancreatitis, which include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain

Calcium Chloride

is indicated in the immediate treatment of hypocalcemic tetany. Other therapy, such as parathyroid hormone or vitamin D, may be indicated according to the etiology of the tetany. ... As an aid in the treatment of depression due to overdosage of magnesium sulfate

Methotrexate (Rheumatrex)

is one of the most effective and commonly used medications in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory arthritis, and also may be used to treat lupus, inflammatory myositis, vasculitis, and some forms of childhood arthritis

Meloxicam (Mobic)

is used for the treatment of osteoarthritis

Cyclosporine

is used to prevent organ rejection in people who have received a liver, kidney, or heart transplant. It is usually taken along with other medications to allow your new organ to function normally. Cyclosporine belongs to a class of drugs known as immunosuppressants

Tacrolimus (Prograf)

is used with other medications to prevent rejection of a kidney, heart, or liver transplant. This medication belongs to a class of drugs known as immunosuppressants. It works by weakening your body's defense system (immune system) to help your body accept the new organ as if it were your own

High concentrations of methotrexate damage normal cells. To save normal cells

leucovorin is given, which is known as "leucovorin rescue

Miotics are used to

lower the intraocular pressure, which then increases blood flow to the retina

immunosuppressant

medication to block certain actions of immune system; used to prevent rejection of transplanted organ

a medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

methylphenidate

Carbidopa-levodopa should be taken

on an empty stomach with a full glass of water to enhance absorption / Because the medication can cause orthostatic hypotension, clients should be taught to change positions slowly. To ease the side effect of dry mouth, sugarless chewing gum, hard candy, and frequent mouth rinses are indicated. The side effect of sleep difficulty should be reported. In addition, the client is taught to avoid high-protein meals because it affects the effectiveness of the medication

Collagenase is used in the treatment of dermal lesions and severe burns. Its action is to debride the affected area. It is applied

once daily and covered with a sterile dressing

Lypressin is antidiuretic hormone administered by the intranasal route. The usual adult dosage is

one or two sprays into each nostril four times daily. It acts on the collecting ducts of the kidneys to increase water reabsorption by increasing their permeability to water

Nalbuphine is an

opioid analgesic

A side effect specific to etoposide (Toposar) is

orthostatic hypotension

The nurse is reviewing the history and physical examination of a client who will be receiving asparaginase (Elspar), an antineoplastic agent. The nurse consults with the registered nurse regarding the administration of the medication if which is documented in the client's history?

pancreatitis

A continuous heparin infusion requires monitoring

platelet count for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and activated partial thromboplastin time to monitor blood clotting time/Platelets/Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)

Hepatic encephalopathy

produces alterations in level of consciousness because of the liver's inability to metabolize and cleanse the blood of ammonia and mercaptans

Pioglitazone (Actos)

proliferator-activated receptor PPAR-gamma, and thereby reduces insulin resistance. In clients with type 2 diabetes, monotherapy with pioglitazone can decrease fasting blood glucose by 30 to 56 mg/dL, and can lower HbA1c by about 0.9%

The client with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is receiving bleomycin intravenously. The nurse caring for the client anticipates that which diagnostic study will be prescribed?

pulmonary function studies

RBC and platelet counts will assess

red blood cell concentration and the client's potential for bleeding

Corticosteroids

refer to a class of drug used to treat inflammatory arthritis and other inflammatory conditions

Signs of magnesium sulfate toxicity relate to the central nervous system depressant effects of the medication and include

respiratory depression (respiratory rate less than 12 breaths per minute), a loss of deep tendon reflexes, and a sudden drop in the fetal heart rate, maternal heart rate, and blood pressure. Therapeutic serum levels of magnesium are 4 to 7.5 mEq/L or 5 to 8 mg/dL. Proteinuria of 3+ is likely to be noted in a client with preeclampsia

Opioids are used for epidural analgesia. An adverse effect of epidural analgesia is a delayed

respiratory depression. Naloxone (Narcan) is an opioid antagonist, which reverses the effects of opioids and is given for respiratory depression. Morphine sulfate and meperidine hydrochloride are opioid analgesics. Betamethasone is a corticosteroid that is administered to enhance fetal lung maturity.

Naloxone is used to treat respiratory depression. The client who receives naloxone for suspected opioid overdose should have

resuscitation equipment readily available

Recombinant factor VIIa is used to

reverse the anticoagulant effect of fondaparinux (Arixtra)

Misoprostol (Cytotec) is a prostaglandin that is given to

ripen and soften the cervix and to stimulate uterine contractions

chloral hydrate (Somnote)

sedative-hypnotic. This medication promotes sleep, and the client is at risk for falls due to sedative effects

Baclofen is a skeletal muscle relaxant. Clients with seizure disorders may have a lowered

seizure threshold/ questions the registered nurse about the health care provider's prescription if Seizure disorder is present

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

should be given in the morning before a feeding so that a parent can get in the routine of administering the medication. The medication must be accurately measured and drawn up in a syringe, never measured in a dropper. If the dose is vomited, it is skipped that day and the dose is resumed the next day. If the medication is forgotten in the morning, it is given as soon as remembered that day

Levothyroxine

should be taken on an empty stomach to enhance absorption

Gabapentin (Neurontin) is classified as an anticonvulsant and antineuralgic and works by reducing seizure activity and neuropathic pain. Adverse effects include overdosage, which manifests as

slurred speech, drowsiness, lethargy, and diarrhea. Tremors, dysarthria (difficulty speaking), and weight gain are side effects of this medication

Glucocorticoids should not be discontinued abruptly to prevent acute adrenal insufficiency. Because glucocorticoids cause

sodium and water to be retained while causing loss of potassium, the client should limit sodium intake and increase potassium intake. These medications can increase the risk of infection

Acetylcysteine can be given orally or by nasogastric tube to treat acetaminophen overdose, or it may be given by inhalation for use as a mucolytic. The nurse administering this medication as a mucolytic should have

suction equipment available in case the client cannot manage to clear the increased volume of liquefied secretions.

The nurse has a prescription to give a first dose of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) to an assigned client. The nurse should question the prescription if the client had a history of allergy to which item?

sulfa drugs/ Thiazide diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide are sulfa-based medications, and a client with a sulfa allergy is at risk for an allergic reaction

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

tablets, for oral use is a prescription, man-made thyroid hormone that is used to treat a condition called hypothyroidism

Tamsulosin (Flomax) is classified as benign prostatic hyperplasia agent and acts by relaxing smooth muscle and increasing urinary flow. An adverse effect of this medication is first-dose syncope, which usually occurs within the first 30 to 90 minutes of the initial dose. This is commonly preceded by

tachycardia (pulse of 120 to 160 beats per minute). Side effects of this medication include dizziness, drowsiness, nasal congestion, and vertigo

Stool turns white in disorders

that block bile secretion, such as cholelithiasis; this does not occur with chemotherapeutic agents

Aspirin and other over-the-counter medications should not be taken unless

the client consults with the health care provider (HCP)

Busulfan (Myleran) can cause an increase in

the uric acid level

Salicylic acid is absorbed readily through the skin, and systemic toxicity (salicylism) can result. Symptoms include

tinnitus

Lactulose (Cephulac) is administered

to decrease serum ammonia levels by facilitating movement of ammonia from the blood to the stool. Effectiveness is evident if the client has an improvement in level of consciousness

Buspirone hydrochloride is indicated most often for

treatment of Palpitations and anxiety

Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride is a skeletal muscle relaxant. Because cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride has anticholinergic effects, it should be used cautiously in clients with a history of

urinary retention, angle-closure glaucoma, and increased intraocular pressure.

anti-infective

used to treat disease produced by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and parasites. kills microorganisms and sterilizes wounds.

Oxytocin stimulates

uterine contractions, and it is one of the common pharmacological methods used to induce labor. An adverse effect associated with the administration of the medication is the hyperstimulation of uterine contractions

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving oxytocin (Pitocin) to induce labor. The nurse should discontinue the oxytocin infusion and notify the registered nurse if which is noted on data collection of the client?

uterine hyperstimulation

Hepatitis B vaccine

vaccine is administered before baby discharge

Varicella Zoster Virus

vaccine is recommended at any visit at or after age 12 months for susceptible children (i.e., children who lack a reliable history of chickenpox and have not been vaccinated)

The nurse working in a pediatric clinic is preparing to administer childhood vaccinations to a 15-month-old child. Which vaccine should be added to the child's routine immunizations at this time because the child is older than 12 months of age?

varicella

Warfarin (Coumadin) is an anticoagulant and bleeding is the major complication

wearing a Medic Alert bracelet to notify health care providers an anticoagulant is being taken. Blood in the urine and stool may indicate the dose is too high. Certain dental procedures require temporarily stopping an anticoagulant because of the risk of bleeding

Alteplase is a thrombolytic medication

which means that it breaks down or dissolves clots/Because of its action, the principal adverse effect is bleeding

Saquinavir is an antiretroviral (protease inhibitor) used in combination with other antiretroviral medications in the management of HIV infection. It is administered

with meals and is best absorbed if the client consumes high-calorie, high-fat meals. It can cause photosensitivity, and the client is instructed to avoid sun exposure

antiretroviral

working against or targeted against retroviruses, especially HIV.

In medicine, systemic means affecting the whole body, or at least multiple organ systems. It is in contrast with topical or local. Systemic administration, a route of administration of medication so that the entire body is affected.

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