Pharm Cardio ATI
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking a diuretic. The nurse should instruct the client to include which of the following foods in their diet to increase potassium intake?
Raisins
RIGHT VENTRICLE DOES NOT EMPTY; INCREASED VOLUME AND PRESSURE IN RIGHT SIDE OF HEART•PERIPHERAL CONGESTION AND INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE RESULT
Right heart failure
You are caring for a patient who is taking oral amiodarone (Cordarone) to treat atrial fibrillation. You should advise the patient to watch for and report which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
cough blurred vision dizziness fever
Enalapril (Vasotec)
ACE inhibitor
A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for verapamil. The nurse should clarify the prescription with the provider if the client has a history of which of the following conditions?
Second-degree AV block
You are reviewing the history of a patient who is about to begin doxazosin (Cardura) therapy to treat hypertension. Which of the following drugs the patient takes require further action?
Sildenafil (Viagra)
HEART CONTRACTIONS TOO WEAK TO CIRCULATE ENOUGH BLOOD•BLOOD POOLS IN VENTRICLE (PRELOAD INCREASE) AND AFTERLOAD INCREASES•DECREASE IN EJECTION FRACTION•LOWER EJECTION LEADS TO LUNG CONGESTION
Systolic left heart failure
A nurse is caring for a client who has glomerular filtration rate of 10 mL/min and a reduced urine output. The nurse should clarify a prescription for hydrochlorothizaide for this client because of which of the following characteristics of the drug?
The drug does not promote diuresis for patients who have renal insufficiency.
A health care professional is caring for a patient who has moderate to severe hypertension and is about to begin hydralazine therapy. The health care professional should monitor the patient for which of the following severe adverse reactions to the drug?
a lupus-like syndrome
ACTION: block the postsynaptic alpha 1 receptor sites in arteries and smooth muscle SE: hypotn, drowsiness, fatigue, weakness, stuffy nose NA: ED drugs, fluid retention
alpha blocker
ACTION: block calcium from entering muscle cells of the heart and arteries (causes dec contractility) SE: hypotn, consti, n/v, HA, rash SJ syndrome NA: s/s SJ syndrome
calcium channel blockers
diltiazem
calcium channel blockers
nifedipine
calcium channel blockers
verapamil
calcium channel blockers
digoxin
cardiac glycoside
minoxidil
direct vasodilator
dobutamine
positive inotrope
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is taking spironolactone (Aldactone) to treat hypertension. Which of the laboratory values should alert the health care professional to take further action?
serum potassium level of above 5-5.3 (depending on normal limits)
Chlorothiazide
thiazide diuretic
Hydrochlorothiazide
thiazide diuretic
act on the distal convoluted tubule to promote sodium, chloride, and water excretion
thiazide diuretic
metolazone
thiazide diuretic
A health care professional should question the use of nifedipine (Procardia) for a patient who has a history of which of the following?
Unstable Angina Pectoris
Calcium channel blocker that treats supraventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation or flutter
Verapamil (Calan)
The Very Deep Nile is a Calcium Chanel Blocker
Verapamil, Diltiazem, Nifedipine
ACTION: similar to calcium channel blockers, slows electrical conduction through AV node to help restore SVT to NSR. SE: flushing, SOB, transient dysrhythmia NA: Give IV 1-2 seconds (body eliminates fast if given too slow), mule kick (asystole), check rhythm changes
adenosine
prazosin HCI
alpha blocker
terazosin HCI
alpha blocker
usually ends in osin
alpha blocker
a, lol and these are funny too
alpha-beta blocker
block receptors in arteries and smooth muscle and block the effects of epinephrine
alpha-beta blocker
act directly on vascular smooth muscle to cause muscle relaxation
direct vasodilator
*obtain complete list of meds/otc/herbals *baseline weight, BP, (if <90/60 consult md), HR *check electrolytes *ascertain urine outputs for any urinary blockage *give in am to avoid nocturia *device to measure urinary output *hypotn
diuretic drug NA
•ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS:•ACE INHIBITORS •ARBS •BETA BLOCKERS •DIURETICS •VASODILATORS •ANTICOAGULANTS (PREVENT BLOOD CLOTS)•ANTIDYSRHYTHMIC DRUGS
drugs for heart failure
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking losartan (Cozaar) to treat hypertension. The health care professional should tell the patient to report which of the following indication of an adverse reaction to the drug?
facial edema
A patient taking losartan (Cozaar) for hypertension asks about stopping contraception and starting a family. You should inform the patient that losartan is unsafe to take during pregnancy due to which of the following risks?
fetal injury
When talking with a patient about taking amiodarone (Cordarone) to treat atrial fibrillation, which of the following should the health care professional tell the patient to avoid?
grapefruit juice
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking ethacrynic acid (Edecrin) to treat heart failure. The health care professional should tell the patient to report which of the following indications of a potentially serious adverse reaction?
hearing loss
•CHECK BEFORE:•DRUGS PATIENT IS TAKING•BP, HEART RATE•BASELINE WEIGHT•CHECK AFTER:•HEART RATE, BP•MONITOR FOR DIZZINESS, LIGHT-HEADEDNESS, HYPOTENSIONPATIENT TEACHING:•LIFESTYLE CHANGES•AVOID ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION•TAKE MEDS SAME TIME EVERY DAY•DRUGS ONLY CONTROL—DO NOT CURE—HEART FAILURE•FOLLOW-UP MEDICAL APPOINTMENTS•NO OTCS UNLESS PRESCRIBER APPROVED•REPORT WEIGHT GAIN, INCREASED SHORTNESS OF BREATH
heart failure drugs
when talking with a patient about taking clonidine (Catapres) to treat hypertension, the health care professional should explain that discontinuing clonidine therapy abruptly can result in which of the following adverse effects?
hypertension
Bumetanide (Bumex)
loop diuretic
hydralazine HCI
direct vasodilator
ACTION:block an enzyme that is necessary for production of angiotensin II SE: cough, hypotn, HA, hyperK, taste disturbances NA: allergies, meds, K levels, weight (s/s renal failure), take w/out food, facial swelling
ACE inhibitor
catopril
ACE inhibitor
lisinopril
ACE inhibitor
usually ends in pril
ACE inhibitor
LEFT VENTRICLE DOESN'T RELAX DURING DIASTOLE•DECREASE IN PRELOAD LEADS TO DECREASE IN OUTPUT•PATIENT'S EJECTION FRACTION MAY BE CLOSE TO NORMAL
Diastolic left heart failure
Digoxin (Lanoxin) is effective in treating heart failure due to which of the following pharmacological actions? (Select all that apply.)
Exerts positive inotropic action Decreases sympathetic tone Increases myocardial contractility
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for nitroglycerin. The nurse should instruct the client that which of the following manifestations is a potential adverse effect of the drug?
Headache
A nurse is administering hydrochlorothiazide to a client who has arthritis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following findings that indicates an adverse effect of this drug?
Hyperuricemia
A nurse is assessing a client who is taking a loop diuretic and is experiencing a thready, irregular pulse, orthostatic hypotension, and confusion. The nurse should identify that these manifestations indicate which of the following adverse effects?
Hypokalemia
A patient is about to begin taking hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide) for hypertension. To assess for adverse effects of the drug, you should monitor for which of the following?
Hyponatremia Hypokalemia Dehydration
A primary care provider prescribes captopril (Capoten) to treat a patient's hypertension and also help alleviate his heart failure. The provider should make sure the patient understands that he should not take which of the following over-the-counter drugs while taking captopril?
Ibuprofen (Motrin)
A health care professional is reviewing the history of a patient who is about to begin furosemide (Lasix) therapy to treat hypertension. Which of the following drugs that the patient takes should alert the health care professional to take further action?
Lithium (Lithobid) for bipolar disorder
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking simvastatin (Zocor) to treat hypercholesterolemia. The health care professional should tell the patient to report which of the following indications of a serious adverse reaction that could warrant stopping drug therapy?
Muscle Pain
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking atorvastatin and has a new prescription for gemfibrozil. The nurse should recognize that this drug combination places the client at an increased risk for which of the following adverse effects?
Myopathy
ACTION: widen the vessels of the heart SE: tachycardia, hypernatremia, HA, dizziness, Hypotn NA: gloves, special measure paper, hairless upper body, rotate site, remove old patches. on/off 10-12 PT: Rebound response, do not stop suddenly, increase HR > 20,
Nitroglycerin
amiodarone
Potassium channel blocker
A provider is considering the various drug therapy options for treating a patient's cardiac dysrhythmia. He should be aware that which of the following antidysrhythmic drugs is appropriate only for short-term use because of its severe adverse effects with long-term use?
Procainamide
A health care professional is assessing a patient following the administration of nifedipine (Procardia). Recognizing the adverse effects of nifedipine, the health care professional should be prepared to administer which of the following drugs?
Propranolol (Inderal)
Beta adrenergic blocker that controls atrial and ventricular tachycardia
Propranolol (Inderal)
the patient SPAT out her potassium sparing diruetics
SPironolactone, Amiloride, Triamterene
act primarily in the collecting duct renal tubules and late distal tubule to promote sodium and water excretion
potassium sparing diuretic
spironolactone
potassium sparing diuretic
triamterene
potassium sparing diuretic
ACTION: slow the sodium pump and preserve K by acting on nephron closest to collection duct. SE: hypotn, hypoNA, HyperK, NA: K, NA levels, monitor s/s hyperK (dry mouth, thirst, irregular HB), avoid ^ K foods (raisins, salt substitutes)
potassium sparing diuretics
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin captopril (Capoten) therapy to treat hypertension. When talking with the patient about taking the drug, the health care professional should tell her to report which of the following adverse effects because they can indicate a need to stop drug therapy?
rash distorted taste swelling of tongue dry cough
zides and a zone
thiazide diuretic
ACTION: slow/turn off Na pumps in nephron tubes furthest from capillaries (distal). ^ NA, K, H2O leave the body via urine. reduces volume and BP. SE: dizziness, hypotn, hypoK, hypoNA NA: check for low K/NA, 0 nurs/preg, monitor K & s/s of low K, ins/outs
thiazide diuretics
beta blocker that reduced glaucoma
timololad
Nitroglycerin
vasodilator
A health care professional should question the use of milrinone (Primacor) for a patient who currently has which of the following?
Acute Myocardial Infarction
Potassium channel blocker that treats ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
ACTION: Block the effects of angiotensin II by directly blocking the binding of angiotensin II to angiotensin II receptors SE: HA, hypotn, hyperK, diarrhea, angioedema NA: s/s angioedema, weight (edema), ins/outs
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
Losartan (Cozaar)
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
artans are
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
valsartan
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking digoxin and develops changes on their ECG tracing and other maneifestations that indicate the client has severe digoxin toxicity. Which of the following drugs should the nurse expect to administer to treat this complication?
Antigen-binding fragments
metoprolol
beta blocker
A patient who is taking digoxin (Lanoxin) develops ECG changes and other manifestations that indicate severe digoxin toxicity. Which of he following drugs should the health care professional have available to treat this complication?`
Fab antibody fragments (Digibind)
o, lol they are so funny
beta blocker
Clonidine HCI (Catapres)
central-acting adrenergic agents
stimulate central nervous system receptors to decrease constriction of blood vessels
central-acting adrenergic agents
labetalol
alpha-beta blocker
ACTION: blocking K channels, lengthens duration of AP. treat vtach, vfib, maintain NSR. SE: dizziness, fatigue, malaise, Hypotn, anorexia, constip, n/v, ataxia, photosensitivity NA: S/S of ARDS, dark glasses, temporary blue skin, scrotal pain/swelling
amiodarone
A health care professional is about to administer atenolol (Tenormin) to a patient who has hypertension. Which of the following assessments should the health care professional perform prior to giving the patient the drug?
apical pulse
ACTION;Anticholinergic used to treat bradycardia, blocks the vagus nerve. or in asystole SE: tachy, drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention, NA: HR, BP, IV site infiltration, crash cart, urinary output,
atropine
When talking with a patient about taking epleronone (Inspra) to treat hypertension, the health care professional should include which of the following instructions?
avoid the use of salt substitues
While talking with a patient who is taking captopril (Capoten) to treat hypertension, which of the following instructions should you include to help her manage the drug's adverse effects?
avoid the use salt substitutes
ACTION: block the effects of epinephrine on the heart, decreases HR, contractility SE: impotence, depression, hypotn, mask s/s of hypoglycemia
beta blocker
atenolol
beta blocker
ACTION: reduce HR allowing more fill time, ^ contractility = improved cardiac output SE: dysrythmia, bradycardia, fatigue, anorexia, n/v, dig tox (yellow halo) NA:HR 1 min (<60/>100), 0 preg/nursing, low K ^ dig tox, monitor electrolytes,
digoxin
Recognizing the potential for a drug interaction between the diuretic, furosemide (Lasix), and the cardiac glycoside, digoxin (Lanoxin), the provider should plan to monitor the patient for which of the following?
digoxin toxicity
The provider prescribes quinidine gluconate (Quinaglute Dura-tabs) as an oral antidysrhythmic agent. You should question the use of quinidine for a patient taking digoxin (Lanoxin) due to a possible drug interaction that can result in which of the following?
digoxin toxicity
ACTION: SVT, slows conduction of SA/AV node.
diltiazem (calcium channel blocker)
A patient who takes carvedilol (Coreg) for hypertension is about to begin taking an oral antidiabetes drug to manage newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. The health care professional should make sure the primary care provider is aware that the patient is at increased risk for which of the following if she takes both drugs?
hypoglycemia
A patient is taking bumetanide (Bumex) and spironolactone (Aldactone). You should explain that using the drugs together may reduce the risk of which of the following adverse effects?
hypokalemia
A health care professional is caring for a patient who is about to begin taking verapamil (Calan) to treat atrial fibrillation. The health care professional should tell the patient to avoid grapefruit juice while taking verapamil because it can cause
hypotension
Furosemide (Lasix)
loop diuretic
Torsemide (Demadex)
loop diuretic
act on the thick ascending loop of henle to inhibit chloride transport of sodium into the circulation
loop diuretic
usually ends in ide
loop diuretic
ACTION: slow/turn off Na pumps in nephron tubes in Henle. ^ NA, K, H2O leave the body via urine. reduces volume and BP. most powerful. SE: dizziness, hypotn, hypoK, hypoNA NA: check for low K/NA, 0 nurs/preg, monitor K & s/s of low K, ins/outs
loop diuretics
dopamine
positive inotrope
amiloride HCI
potassium sparing diuretic