Pharm

The first law that regulated drugs with the potential for abuse and dependence was The Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914.

true

The higher the number of the therapeutic index, the more desirable it is, because it indicates that the drug has a wide margin of safety.

true

The opium poppy has been used for centuries as a recreational drug to cause euphoria and is also used to treat severe pain.

true

Define these abbreviations. DEA ________ IND ________ FDA ________ OTC ________

Drug Enforcement Administration, Investigational New Drug, Food and Drug Administration, over-the-counter

Relying only on drug-based therapies to bring relief

A serious health-care issue

System-based approach to health care

Allopathic medicine

Medical treatment used instead of another

Alternative approach to medicine

Three of the most common patterns of inheritance of monogenic disorders are autosomal dominant, X- or sex-linked, and

Autosomal Recessive

5,000-year-old system that identifies three fundamental energies for mind and body

Ayurvedic medicine

Despite the Supreme Court ruling that marijuana is an illegal drug, what two states have passed laws allowing marijuana to be sold for both medical and recreational uses

Colorado, Washington state

Promotes the ABC goals for Americans

Diet and nutrition therapies

DTC marketing has become common, beginning with magazine ads and moving to television. The abbreviation DTC stands for ________.

Direct to Consumer

The word ________ is derived from a Dutch word that means dry, and it refers to the use of dried herbs and plants as the first medicines

Droog

Drugs in the 1700s and 1800s often listed an addictive ingredient on its label, and consumers knew to avoid this.

FALSE

The Dietary Supplements and Health and Education Act of 1994 made the FDA responsible for regulating all herbal products and dietary supplements.

FALSE

The FDA regulates prescription drugs, but the DEA regulates over-the-counter drugs.

FALSE

The advertising of both prescription and OTC drugs is regulated by the FDA.

FALSE

As they did in the early 1900s, pharmacists today still daily prepare the drugs they dispense, and they also have the added duties of dispensing those drugs and providing patient education and information.

False

By law, the over-the-counter version of a prescription drug can only have one half the strength of the prescription drug.

False

Drugs that are successfully tested in animals will always perform well when given to humans.

False

In a double-blind study, every patient receives both the drug and a placebo.

False

Legend drugs are also known as over-the-counter drugs.

False

No matter how a drug was originally discovered or designed, it must be thoroughly tested by the FDA before it can be marketed.

False

Once a drug has been approved by the FDA, the drug can continue to be marketed indefinitely because it has received FDA approval.

False

The FDA has standards for the spelling of trade name drug, and drug companies must follow them.

False

The FDA only allows physicians to prescribe FDA-approved drugs that are already on the market.

False

The United States Pharmacopoeia was officially adopted for use in the United States with the passage of the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act.

False

The label of a drug does not need to contain an expiration date printed on it, because drugs never expire.

False

The pharmacodynamics of a drug are tested during the human phase of drug testing.

False

The marketing and advertising of over-the-counter drugs is regulated by the ________.

Federal Trade Commission

The abbreviation FDA stands for the

Food and Drug Administration

Deciphering the human ________ in 2000 opened up the field of gene therapy in pharmacology

Genome

We can remember that the drug auranofin (Ridaura) is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis because the "au" in its drugs names stand for the chemical symbol Au for the mineral ________.

Gold

Minuscule amounts of certain substances leave an "energy imprint" in the body, stimulating the immune system

Homeopathy

The first drug to be made by recombinant DNA technology was introduced in 1982; it was human insulin, and its trade name was

Humulin

There are three identifiers for immunologic malfunctions. Two of them are known as allergy and autoimmunity. What is the third one?

Immunodeficiency

In 1922, the first drug to treat diabetes mellitus was introduced, which was the drug ________.

Insulin

A blending of both conventional and nonconventional therapies

Integrative medicine

Laughter and play

Internal jogging

When animal studies are completed, the drug company submits an IND application to the FDA. The abbreviation IND stands for ________.

Investigational New Drug

Natural means it is safe

Medical fallacy

The word ________ refers to a drug that is deliberately administered for its medicinal value as a preventive, diagnostic, or therapeutic agent.

Medicine

Promotes a strong interrelatedness between emotions, stress, and the body's reaction through the immune system

Mind-body medicine

Identify the term for genetic immunity that is specific to race, sex, and an individual's ability to respond.

Natural

Identify the term for genetic immunity that is specific to race, sex, and an individual's ability to respond. ____________

Natural

Stresses prevention and the use of nontoxic, natural therapies

Naturopathy

Once phase III is completed, the drug company submits all of its documentation on the drug to the FDA in the form of a NDA. The abbreviation NDA stands for ________.

New Drug Application

Darlene Ellis has been prescribed the drug Nasalcrom. From the trade name of the drug, you can tell that the drug is used to treat this part of her body: ________.

Nose

Colette, hospitalized for hip replacement surgery, has a surgical site infection 3 days after surgery. What type of infection does Colette most likely have?

Nosocomial

Emphasizes the musculoskeletal system while practicing conventional medicine

Osteopathy

________ is the knowledge of how genetic makeup of different people affects their responses to drugs.

Pharmacogenetics

The administration of a preventive drug is known as ________, from a Greek word meaning to keep guard before.

Prophylaxis

The symbol ________, which comes from the Latin word recipere, meaning to take, indicates a prescription for a drug (originally one whose recipe contained one or more ingredients).

Rx

The antidiabetic drug exenatide (Byetta) comes from the ________ of the Gila monster poisonous lizard.

Saliva

In 1796, Dr. Edward Jenner created the first vaccination, which was given to prevent the disease of ________.

Small Pox

The ending -olol is common to generic beta-blocker drugs.

true

Devotion, a setting everything aside, adoration, enlightening

Spirituality

In order to prevent childhood diseases, the American Academy of Pediatrics issues an annual immunization schedule listing the immunizations to be given to children before they enroll in school.

TRUE

MedWatch is the FDA safety information and adverse event reporting system on the Internet.

TRUE

Some estrogen replacement therapy drugs are derived from yams.

TRUE

The discipline of pharmacology impacts a student's chosen career as well as his/her personal life.

TRUE!!!!!

George from question 13 is still in the emergency room with a penetrating chest wound. His heart is now racing at 110 beats per minute. Recalling your medical terms for this chapter, name this symptom.

Tachycardia

Stresses five elements of fire, earth, metal, water, and wood

Traditional Chinese medicine

A drug can be approved to treat one thing and then, after further clinical trials, can also be approved to treat something completely different.

True

A drug company is protected by a 17-year patent on any new drug that is approved by the FDA. However, part of the 17-year patent period is used up during the testing process.

True

A drug company may evaluate thousands of different chemicals before finding one that moves successfully through all phases of testing and is finally approved by the FDA for release and marketing.

True

A placebo uses the power of suggestion to produce changes in the body that mimic the pharmacologic action of an actual drug.

True

A schedule drug is also known as a controlled substance.

True

Before approving a new drug, the FDA must weigh the inherent risks of the drug against its potential benefits.

True

In common usage, the word drug can be used interchangeably with the word medicine.

True

Individual genes from DNA can be manipulated to create drugs.

True

It is not uncommon for a patient who is given a therapeutic dose of digoxin (Lanoxin) to exhibit symptoms of toxicity.

True

On a written prescription for a schedule drug, the physician must include his/her DEA number.

True

Once a drug has received its final approval from the FDA, its ingredients, doses, manufacturing process, labeling, and packaging cannot be changed.

True

The Egyptians applied moldy bread to abrasions, a practice that we now know actually had some therapeutic basis.

True

The Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee is a group of physicians and pharmacists who review the clinical trials of genetically engineered new drugs and make recommendations to the FDA.

True

The animal phase of drug testing precedes testing on humans.

True

The manufacturing, storage, dispensing, and disposal of controlled substances are strictly regulated by both federal and state laws

True

The word drug can mean a medicine, but it can also refer to illegal or street drugs.

True

While it is physiologically impossible for a placebo to exert any pharmacological effect, patients often report a decrease in certain types of symptoms after taking a placebo.

True

Today's modern pharmacy began as a storehouse for dried plants and herbs that was known as an

apothecary

A single dose of a drug can be placed in an individually sealed ________ that contains a bubble of clear plastic over the capsule or tablet.

blister pack

The trade name is also known as the ________ name because it implies brand recognition and customer loyalty.

brand

When volunteers answer a newspaper ad for a clinical drug trial, it is mandatory that they give informed ________ to participate in the trial.

consent

In a double-blind study, the physician-investigator is the only one who knows which patients are taking a drug and which patients are taking a placebo.

false

Multivitamin supplements contain minerals such as calcium, iron, gold, copper, and zinc.

false

The 1994 Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act gives the FDA the authority to regulate dietary supplements as drugs.

false

The FDA regulates prescription drugs, but not over-the-counter (OTC) drugs.

false

The Orphan Drug Act facilitates the development of new drugs to treat patients who are poor and needy and cannot afford medical care.

false

The first oral contraceptive pill was introduced in 2000.

false

The isolation of potassium from water in 1806 by a German pharmacist marked the beginning of modern drug treatment using chemically pure ingredients.

false

The marijuana plant is sold as the prescription drugs Cesamet and Marinol.

false

Traditional Chinese herbal remedies have not been found to be effective or therapeutic according to Western standards of medicine.

false

When the body's temperature-control mechanism malfunctions in extreme heat and the skin becomes hot, dry, and flushed but without sweat, the likely emergency is

heatstroke

In 1983, the topical prescription drug ________ was the first prescription drug approved for use as an over-the-counter drug.

hydrocortisone

The ________ of the active drug ingredient can be particularly crucial in drugs with a low therapeutic index.

inert

What we never run out of

love

A ________, a drug that has no pharmacologic effect, is often used in double-blind studies during phase III clinical trials.

placebo

When the FDA removes a drug from the market because of manufacturing defects, this is known as a drug ________.

recall

A drug or a medicine can be thought of as any nonfood chemical substance that affects the mind or the body.

true

Advertisements of drugs to consumers are heavily weighted toward prescription drugs for chronic diseases that require long-term treatment.

true

An OTC drug is defined as a drug that can be purchased without a prescription and is generally considered safe for consumers to use if the label's directions and warnings are followed carefully and all warnings are heeded.

true

An isomer is a drug that has the same chemical formula as another drug, but has those atoms arranged in a different way.

true

Before approving a new drug, the FDA must weigh the inherent risks of the drug against its potential benefits

true

Generic drugs and trade name drugs that are in the same drug form and drug strength--even if they are from different drug companies-must contain exactly the same amount of active ingredient.

true

In the early 1900s, pharmacists used cocoa butter as an ingredient in making hand-rolled suppositories.

true

Many drugs still in use today were originally taken from plant, animal, or mineral sources hundreds or even thousands of years ago.

true

Medicare Part D is a federal program to pay part of the cost of prescription drugs for senior citizens.

true

Mold is the original plant source for penicillin, the first antibiotic drug.

true

Pharmacies in each state and the pharmacists working in them must be licensed by that state.

true

Pharmacology is one of the oldest branches of medicine.

true

Prescription drugs can only be obtained with a written order or a verbal order from a healthcare provider whose license permits this.

true

The Human Genome Project allowed drug researchers to begin gene therapy to replace defective genes in the body.

true

We know from reading the newspaper that cocaine is available illegally as a street drug, but cocaine is also a Schedule II drug with legitimate medical uses.

true