Pharm UT 2 PrepU for chap 58 Drugs Affecting Gi Motility... NOT DONE

A caregiver of a 1-year-old asks the nurse if the caregiver can give the diphenoxylate that was prescribed for an older sibling to the child. Which is the nurse's best response?

"Children younger than 1 year of age should not be given this medication."

A client is being discharged with Senokot as a prescribed medication. Which statement should be included in the teaching plan about the medication?

"The medication will make your urine discolored."

The nurse is about to administer a laxative to a client for the first time. What should be included in client education? A. "It is not uncommon to experience some abdominal discomfort and flatulence." B. "If you are allergic to red dye number 5, you may have an allergic reaction to this medication." C. "It is good to take this medication daily as it is non-habit forming." D. "It is important to avoid a large intake of fluids when taking this medication."

A ("It is not uncommon to experience some abdominal discomfort and flatulence.")

A nurse is caring for a client with pseudomembranous colitis. The health care provider has prescribed loperamide HCl to the client. How does the nurse know that the drug has been effective? A. Diarrhea is resolved. B. Elevation in temperature is noted. C. Nausea and vomiting are resolved. D. Rectal bleeding is noted.

A (Diarrhea is resolved.)

What is the correct rationale for why the nurse would administer a laxative at a separate time from the client's other medications? A. Laxatives may reduce absorption of other drugs present in the GI tract. B. Often laxatives make the client nauseated, which interferes with the ability to take medications. C. They often taste bad and clients are less likely to take other medications. D. Because a laxative may stimulate a bowel movement, it can interfere with medication administration.

A (Laxatives may reduce absorption of other drugs present in the GI tract)

Which is an important assessment for the nurse to make before administering a laxative? A. Question the client regarding the type and intensity of symptoms to provide a baseline evaluation. B. An abdominal circumference measurement is an important assessment for the nurse to make in order to evaluate medication effectiveness. C. Once a medication is ordered by the health care provider, it is unnecessary to make any additional assessments before administering the medication. D. It is imperative to ask clients whether they are expecting any visitors because the effects of the medication may hinder visitation.

A (Question the client regarding the type and intensity of symptoms to provide a baseline evaluation.)

An older adult client has received a third dose of diphenoxylate. In addition to monitoring the number and consistency of the client's stools, the nurse should prioritize what assessment? A. assessment of fluid and electrolyte balance B. assessment of nutritional status C. assessment of oxygen saturation and respiratory rate D. assessment of cognition and neurological status

A (assessment of fluid and electrolyte balance)

The nurse is seeing a 69-year-old client who is highly physically active and consumes a balanced diet that includes adequate fluid intake. Despite this, the client states experiencing occasional constipation in recent months. What remedy should be the nurse's first suggestion?

A bulk-forming (fiber) laxative

A client is using psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid to promote evacuation of stool. What is the action of this medication? A. It increases mass and water content of stool, promoting evacuation. B. It irritates the intestinal mucosa, thus increasing intestinal motility. C. It creates a barrier between the colon wall and feces. D. It reduces the surface tension of bowel contents.

A. (It increases mass and water content of stool, promoting evacuation.)

While discussing the use of laxatives a student asks the nursing instructor what indicates normal bowel elimination. What would be the best response by the instructor? A. "One bowel movement daily in the morning." B. "A soft, formed stool." C. "One bowel movement daily after dinner." D. "A semi-formed stool."

B ("A soft, formed stool.")

A client develops Clostridium difficile after receiving antibiotic therapy. The client asks the nurse how this occurs. Which is the nurse's best response? A. "This is common of all antibiotic therapy and hospitalized clients." B. "By suppressing normal flora, antibiotics allow proliferation of the organism." C. "The diarrhea is a result of overgrowth of viruses attacking the cells in the bowels." D. "The antibiotic decreases the white blood count, which allows for bacteria to invade the body."

B ("By suppressing normal flora, antibiotics allow proliferation of the organism.")

During an assessment of a client experiencing diarrhea, which question is appropriate for the nurse in determining the possible cause of the diarrhea? A. "Do you wash your hands after you use the restroom?" B. "Can you tell me what you ate in the last 24 hours?" C. "Have you recently consumed uncooked ground beef?" D. "Have you been vaccinated for hepatitis A?"

B ("Can you tell me what you ate in the last 24 hours?")

A prescriber adds psyllium to the medication administration record for a client experiencing diarrhea. Which is the best rationale for the addition of psyllium? A. It causes bloating and swells the colon. B. It absorbs toxins and water, decreasing fluidity of stools. C. It reduces exchange of proteins and mucus in the stools. D. It binds and expels toxins into the stool.

B (It absorbs toxins and water, decreasing fluidity of stools)

A client is being sent home with orders for a laxative PRN. The nurse is conducting client teaching on the use of a laxative. What will the nurse inform the client is one of the most common adverse effects of a laxative? A. Weakness B. Abdominal cramping C. Headache D. Dizziness

B (abd cramping)

The nurse is preparing to administer a stimulant cathartic to the client. The nurse should inform the client of the possible adverse effect of: A. nausea. B. diarrhea. C. rectal bleeding. D. vomiting.

B (diarrhea)

The nurse should prioritize what assessment when providing care for a client who has taken over-the-counter (OTC) bisacodyl daily for several months? A. bleeding B. electrolyte levels C. deep tendon reflexes D. apical heart rate

B (electrolyte levels)

A client experiencing diarrhea asks the nurse about over-the-counter (OTC) antidiarrheals. Which OTC should not be taken with aspirin?

Bismuth subsalicylate

A client develops Clostridium difficile after receiving antibiotic therapy. The client asks the nurse how this occurs. Which is the nurse's best response?

By suppressing normal flora, antibiotics allow proliferation of the organism.

The nurse has just finished client education with a client who is being discharged home on bulk-forming laxatives. The nurse knows the client understands discharge instructructions regarding these medications when which statement is made? A. "I will mix the dry medication with applesauce." B. "I will decrease the roughage in my diet while I am using this medication." C. "I will mix the medication with 4 to 8 ounces of liquid and follow it by an additional 4 to 8 ounces." D. "I will use milk of magnesia in conjunction with this medication until I am having daily bowel movements."

C ("I will mix the medication with 4 to 8 ounces of liquid and follow it by an additional 4 to 8 ounces.")

A prescriber adds psyllium to the medication administration record for a client experiencing diarrhea. Which is the best rationale for the addition of psyllium? A. It binds and expels toxins into the stool. B. It causes bloating and swells the colon. C. It absorbs toxins and water, decreasing fluidity of stools. D. It reduces exchange of proteins and mucus in the stools.

C (It absorbs toxins and water, decreasing fluidity of stools)

A nurse is teaching a client about diarrhea. Which statement by the client regarding diarrhea would indicate a need for additional teaching? A."Diarrhea may be acute or chronic." B. "Some medications may cause diarrhea." C. "More than 3 liquid stools a day is defined as diarrhea." D. "Diarrhea is a disease that has no cure."

D ("Diarrhea is a disease that has no cure.")

A client is scheduled for a colonoscopy. The nurse knows that the preferred drug for bowel cleansing before this procedure is: A. Polyethylene glycol solution (MiraLAX) B. Bisacodyl (Dulcolax) C. Psyllium (Metamucil) D. Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (NuLYTELY)

D (Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (NuLYTELY))

What type of laxative would be the first choice for a client diagnosed with hemorrhoids experiencing intense pain when straining to pass stools? A. saline cathartic B. bulk-forming laxative C. stimulant cathartic D. stool softener

D (stool softener)

The nurse is aware that critically ill clients are more at risk for constipation for what reasons?

Decreased activity Use of opioid medications Change in bowel routines

Diphenoxylate with atropine sulfate resolves diarrhea by what mechanism of action?

Decreasing intestinal motility

In pharmacology class the students are learning about the mechanism of action of different laxatives. What would the students learn about the mechanism of action of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid?

Increasing mass and water content of stool

What is the reason for administering a bulk-forming laxative like polycarbophil to a client experiencing liquid stools?

Polycarbophil absorbs large amounts of water and decreases fluidity of stools

A client is scheduled for a colonoscopy in the morning. What laxative would the nurse expect to be prescribed the evening before the procedure?

Polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution

A 59-year-old homeless client is admitted with dehydration and diarrhea. The admission interview indicates that the client regularly collects food from dumpsters behind restaurants. What pathogen could be causing the cause of the diarrhea? Select all that apply.

Shigella Salmonella Staphylococcus aureus Listeria monocytogenes

The nurse is assessing a client who reports constipation. The use of a medication to treat this problem is contraindicated if the client reports what symptom?

abd pain and fever

Ms. Case is prescribed diphenoxylate HCl with atropine sulfate for the treatment of acute diarrhea. Ms. Case has several allergies. Which allergy places her at greatest risk for an adverse reaction to this medication due to cross-sensitivity? A. Mephobarbital B. Amobarbital C. Meperidine D. Atenolol

c (Meperidine)

An adult resident of an assisted living facility has not responded appreciably to bulk-forming laxatives, so the primary care provider has prescribed bisacodyl. The nurse who oversees the care at the facility should know that this drug may be administered by what route? Select all that apply. A. intramuscular injection B. subcutaneous injection C. suppository D. oral E. intravenous

c d (oral, suppository)

A 29-year-old woman has been prescribed alosetron (Lotronex) for irritable bowel syndrome. Before starting the drug therapy, the nurse will advise the client about which adverse effect(s)?

constipation

An older adult has regularly drunk mineral oil to treat occasional episodes of constipation. The nurse should encourage the client to explore other treatments because the use of oral mineral oil can result in which adverse effect?

decreased absorption of drugs and vitamins

When describing the drugs used to treat traveler's diarrhea, which would the nurse identify as the most common cause?

e. coli

The client states that prior to exams at school, the client has abdominal cramping and diarrhea. What does the nurse suspect is the trigger for these signs and symptoms?

functional diarrhea disorder

A 2-year-old child from Nigeria is reported to have excellent health, except for the diarrhea that started within days of the family's arrival in the United States 3 weeks ago. History reveals nothing remarkable, but the mother comments on her child's love of (and continual consumption of) ice cream, something not available in their native country. This history supports what possible cause of the child's diarrhea?

lactase deficiency

Which is a common cause of diarrhea in older adults?

laxative overuse

Defecation is normally stimulated by what physiologic trigger?

movements and reflexes in the gastrointestinal tract