Pharmacology Ch. 10: General Anesthetics

The average percentage of nitrous oxide required for patient comfort is:

35%

Approximately 15% of halothane is metabolized in the liver, and these metabolites have been suggested as a cause of renal damage.

Both parts of the statement are true.

Which of the following effects is not a characteristic of ketamine action?

Causes xerostomia

Nitrous oxide, as used in the dental office, maintains the patient in stage:

I

The loss of respiratory control (i.e., diminished carbon dioxide response, paralysis of intercostal muscles) first occurs during which stage of anesthesia?

Stage III

According to Guedel's description of the stages and planes of anesthesia, the induction period refers to:

Stages I and II

Diffusion hypoxia may occur if insufficient 100% oxygen is delivered at the termination of a nitrous oxide procedure because:

The loss of carbon dioxide could decrease ventilation.

Nitrous oxide cylinders are __________ and oxygen cylinders are __________ (1) red, (2) green, (3) blue, (4) orange, (5) tan

3, 2

A patient for whom nitrous oxide is to be administered should be warned to avoid eating a large meal within __________ hours of the appointment.

5

At the termination of a N2O/O2 sedation procedure, the patient should be placed on 100% oxygen for at least __________ minutes.

5

Nitrous oxide combined with a halogenated inhalational anesthetic (N2O/O2):

Decreases the MAC

Recovery from a single intravenous dose of thiopental (sodium pentothal) is the result of:

Drug redistribution

Nitrous oxide is contraindicated for use in a patient with which of the following conditions?

Emphysema

Which of the following anesthetic agents was introduced in the middle 1800s and let to a dramatic reduction in surgically related mortality?

Ether

Which inhalational agent has a pungent smell and can cause respiratory acidosis with deeper levels of anesthesia?

Isoflurane

Which of the following intravenous general anesthetic agents can be administered intramuscularly?

Ketamine (Ketalar)

Which of the following general anesthetic agents has the largest MAC value?

Nitrous oxide

Which of the following dental specialists is most likely to use general anesthetic drugs in their office?

Oral and maxillofacial surgeon

The greatest danger in using nitrous oxide for analgesia is:

Oxygen deprivation

Nitrous oxide has:

Rapid onset and low solubility in blood

The best indicator of the degree of sedation under nitrous oxide is:

Response to questions

The following are characteristics of propofol except for one. Which one is the exception?

Structurally related to barbiturates

Which of the following types of agents is used during balanced general anesthesia to help the patient pass from stage I to stage III and skip over the signs of stage II?

Ultrashort-acting IV barbiturate

Nitrous oxide has been shown to reduce the activity of methionine synthetase, the enzyme involved with the function of which vitamin?

Vitamin B12