Pharmacology Module 4

What is nystatin? (Med is administered for...)

Used to treat secondary fungal infections

A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving IV vancomycin. The nurse notes a flushing of the neck and tachycardia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Document that the client experienced an anaphylactic reaction to the medication. B. Change the IV infusion site. C. Decrease the infusion rate on the IV. D. Apply cold compresses to the neck area.

C. Decrease the infusion rate on the IV.

A nurse is caring for a client who has an infection and a prescription for gentamicin intermittent IV bolus every 8 hrs. A peak and trough is required with the next dose. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to obtain an accurate gentamicin serum level? A. Draw a trough level at 0900 and a peak level at 2100. B. Draw a peak level 90 min prior to administering the medication and a trough level 90 min after the dose. C. Draw a trough level immediately prior to administering the medication and a peak level 30 min after the dose. D. Draw a peak level at 0900 and a trough level at 2100.

C. Draw a trough level immediately prior to administering the medication and a peak level 30 min after the dose.

What is monitoring renal function? (Nursing Responsibilities)

Watching blood urea and nitrogen serum levels during antibiotic therapy

What is lethargy? (Complications)

Abnormal drowsiness

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has oral candidiasis and a new prescription for nystatin suspension. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will store the medication at room temperature." B. "I will take the medicine every morning on an empty stomach." C. "I will spit the medication out after swishing it around my mouth." D. "I will only need to take this medication for a few days."

A. "I will store the medication at room temperature."

Narrow-Spectrum vs. Broad-Spectrum antibiotics

Broad-spectrum antibiotics act against multiple strains and forms of different bacteria while Narrow-Spectrum antibiotics are more specific in their course.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a urinary tract infection (UTI) and is taking ciprofloxacin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give to the client? A. "If the medicine causes an upset stomach, take an antacid at the same time." B. "Limit your daily fluid intake while taking this medication." C. "This medication can cause photophobia, so be sure to wear sunglasses outdoors." D. "You should report any tendon discomfort you experience while taking this medication."

D. "You should report any tendon discomfort you experience while taking this medication."

What is Bacteriostatic? (Vocabulary)

Inhibits growth, but doesn't kill

What is specimen for culture and sensitivity? (Nursing Responsibilities)

Obtain this before starting a patient on antibiotic

What is aminoglycosides? (Contraindications/Precautions)

Patients with renal impairment should not receive high doses of this classification of antibiotics.

What is phenazopyridine? (Med is administered for...)

Prescribed for pain management of urinary tract infections

A nurse is preparing to administer 250 mg of an antibiotic IM. Available is 3 g/5 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

0.4 mL

What is C. Diff? (Complications)

4 to 6 watery stools per day with blood or mucous, and pain, and fever

A nurse is caring for a client who has a bacterial infection and is receiving gentamicin. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to minimize the risk of an adverse effect of the medication? A. Limit the client's fluid intake. B. Instruct the client to report agitation. C. Monitor the serum medication levels. D. Administer the medicine with food.

C. Monitor the serum medication levels.

What is Peak? (Vocabulary)

Drawn shortly after infusion is completed

What is vancomycin? (Med is administered for...)

Drug of choice for MRSA and C. Diff

What is Hepatotoxicity? (Vocabulary)

Liver dysfunction due to medication

What is nephrotoxicity? (Complications)

Impaired renal function

What is monitoring for superinfection (Thrush)? (Nursing Responsibilities)

Look inside patient's mouth for white pouches

What is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole? (Med is administered for...)

Medication most often used to treat urinary tract infections

What is acyclovir? (Med is administered for...)

Used to treat viral infections

A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed tetracycline 2 grams daily PO in four divided doses every 6 hrs. Available is tetracycline 250 mg capsules. How many capsules should the nurse administer per dose? (Round to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

2 capsules

A nurse is teaching a client about the adverse effects of gentamicin. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching? A. Tinnitus B. Constipation C. Hyperkalemia D. Weight gain

A. Tinnitus

A nurse suspects anaphylaxis when caring for a client following the initial administration of an oral antibiotic. .Which of the following should be the nurse's priority intervention? A. Insert an IV line. B. Count the respiratory rate. C. Administer oxygen. D. Prepare equipment for intubation.

B. Count the respiratory rate.

A nurse is teaching a client who is taking metronidazole. Which of the following sense alterations should the nurse include as an adverse effect of metronidazole? A. Olfactory changes B. Metallic taste C. Alterations in touch D. Hearing loss

B. Metallic taste

A nurse is collecting data on a client who has a new prescription for ampicillin. The nurse should recognize which of the following findings is a priority? A. Nausea B. Vomiting C. Wheezing D. Moniliasis

C. Wheezing

What is ototoxicity? (Complications)

Auditory impairment, hearing loss, tinnitus

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for erythromycin. Which of the following information should the nurse include? A. "Take this medication with a glass of grapefruit juice." B. "Expect your skin to turn yellow." C. "Monitor for ringing in your ears." D. "Increase fiber intake to prevent constipation."

C. "Monitor for ringing in your ears."

What is cephalosporins? (Contraindications/Precautions)

A person allergic to penicillin should not be prescribed this classification of antibiotics as well.

A nurse is reviewing guidelines for prophylactic antibiotics. The nurse should identify that prophylactic antibiotic therapy is not recommended for which of the following clients? A. A client who has a fever of unknown origin B. A client who has a prosthetic heart valve is having dental surgery C, A client following total hip arthroplasty D. A client who had an emergency cesarean section

A. A client who has a fever of unknown origin

A nurse is caring for a child who is allergic to penicillin. The nurse should verify which of the following prescriptions with the provider? A. Amoxicillin-clavulanate B. Gentamicin C. Erythromycin D. Amphotericin B

A. Amoxicillin-clavulanate

A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has a systemic disorder and is receiving antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and coricosteroids. Both of the child's parents have a smoking history. The child reports soreness in his mouth and refuses to eat. Inspection of his mouth reveals a white, milky plaque that does not come off with rubbing. The nurse should suspect which of the following conditions? A. Candidiasis B. Dermatitis C. Herpes simplex D. Squamous cell carcinoma

A. Candidiasis

A nurse is monitoring a client who received epinephrine for angioedema after a first dose of losartan. Which of the following data indicates a therapeutic response to epinephrine? A. Respirations are unlabored. B. Client reports decreased groin pain of 3 on a 1 to 10 scale. C. The client's blood pressure when arising from resting position is at premedication levels. D. The client tolerates a second dose of medication with no greater than 1+ peripheral edema.

A. Respirations are unlabored.

A nurse is caring for a client who has streptococcal pneumonia and a prescription for penicillin G by intermittent IV bolus. 10 minutes into the infusion of the third dose, the client reports that the IV site itches and that he feels dizzy and short of breath. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? A. Stop the infusion. B. Call the client's provider. C. Elevate the head of the bed. D. Auscultate the client's breath sounds.

A. Stop the infusion

A nurse is caring for a client who has a fungal infection and has a new prescription for amphotericin B. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse report to the provider before initiating the medication? A. Sodium 140 mEq/L B. Potassium 4.5 mEq/L C. BUN 55 mg/dL D. Glucose 120 mg/dL

C. BUN 55 mg/dL

What is on an empty stomach (Nursing Responsibilities)

Administer one hour before or two hours after meals

What is check for allergy? (Nursing Responsibilities)

Ask patient if they have had a reaction to the medication

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for metronidazole. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medication." B. "Do not crush this medication before swallowing." C. "Do not drink alcohol while taking this medication." D. "Take this medication with food."

C. "Do not drink alcohol while taking this medication."

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for amoxicillin-clavulanate to treat pharyngitis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will take this medication until my sore throat goes away." B. "I should take this medication on an empty stomach between meals." C. "I will stop taking this medication if I develop itching." D. "I will double my dose, if I miss one."

C. "I will stop taking this medication if I develop itching."

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has pulmonary tuberculosis and a new prescription for rifampin. Which of the following information should the nurse provide? A. "Treatment with this medication will last for 1 month." B. "This medication can cause insomnia." C. "It is best to take the medication with meals." D. "Urine and other secretions might turn orange."

D. "Urine and other secretions might turn orange."

A nurse is reviewing the medication record of a client who is to receive the first dose of cephalexin via intermittent IV bolus. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a contraindication for the client to receive cefoxitin and report to the provider? A. A history of phlebitis following an IV infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride with 10 mEq of potassium chloride B. A recent history of diarrhea for 3 days C. Serum creatinine 0.8 mg/dL D. A severe allergy to penicillin

D. A severe allergy to penicillin

A nurse is caring for a client who received an injection of penicillin G procaine. The client begins to experience dyspnea and tongue swelling. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform first? A. Obtain intravenous fluids for administration. B. Record the observed data in medical record. C. Deliver a dose of aminophylline by inhalation. D. Administer epinephrine subcutaneously.

D. Administer epinephrine subcutaneously.

A nurse is assessing a client after administering IV vancomycin. Which of the following findings is the nurse's priority to report to the provider? A. Localized redness at the catheter insertion site B. Client report of a headache C. Client report of tinnitus D. Audible inspiratory stridor

D. Audible inspiratory stridor

A charge nurse is observing a newly licensed nurse administer medication to a client. Which of the following actions by the newly licensed nurse should prompt the charge nurse to intervene? A. Verifies the medication against the prescription and medication label. B. Scans the bar code on the medication administration record and the client's arm band. C. Checks the provider's orders and confirmed dosage in a medication reference guide. D. Documents medication administration prior to administering it.

D. Documents medication administration prior to administering it.

What is superinfection? (Vocabulary)

Infection occurring during treatment for another infection

What is Bactericidal? (Vocabulary)

Kills bacteria