Pharmacology Review Questions II

What drug is most likely to be prescribed to prevent motion sickness in dogs and cats?

Acepromazine

Which of the following drugs are contraindicated in a patient that has a history of seizures?

Acepromazine

You are working with an equine veterinarian on a breeding farm. You will be sedating a young stallion for an oral examination. You are well aware that the veterinarian will probably not be using what tranquilizer for the procedure?

Acepromazine (PromAce)

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is an antidote for what type of drug toxicity?

Acetaminophen

Which of the following drugs is used to treat feline hypertension?

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

Butorphanol is an opioid that is often used for its analgesic properties but is also used in other clinical scenarios as

An antitussive agent

A cat is given ketamine as an anesthetic induction agent. The veterinary technician monitoring this animal may observe which of the following side effects?

Apneustic breathing

Spike the dog ingested his owner's cardiac medication about half an hour ago. The veterinarian instructs you to give him an emetic that may be administered into the conjunctival sac, then flush as necessary. The name of the drug is

Apomorphine

The emetic of choice in dogs is

Apomorphine

Which of the following drugs does not have an antiemetic action?

Apomorphine

A client is advised to discontinue aspirin therapy in his dysplastic dog before the dog undergoes surgery to remove a mammary tumor. The client asks you why this request was made. You tell him

Aspirin decreases platelet aggregation and may increase the likelihood of hemorrhage.

An example of an anticholinergic drug is

Atropine

The newly hired veterinary assistant is cleaning up after a procedure and returns an opened bottle of propofol (PropoFlo) to the refrigerator, stating that it can be used tomorrow on another patient. You explain to her that

Bacteria will readily grow in propofol and will produce endotoxins, so it is unwise to use the remains of an opened bottle.

The behavioral drug group that may be used to stimulate appetite in cats is

Benzodiazepines

A drug classified as an antagonist may exert its influence by

Blocking the neurotransmitter receptor on the effector organ

When diethylstilbestrol (DES), a synthetic estrogen, is used at higher doses, it can have the potentially dangerous side effect of

Bone marrow suppression

Serious potential side effects of estrogen administration include

Bone marrow suppression and pyometra

Psyllium and Metamucil are examples of

Bulk laxatives

Which of the following clinical signs may indicate that an animal is experiencing lidocaine toxicity?

CNS signs: drowsiness, ataxia, muscle tremors

Fleet (sodium phosphate) enemas are contraindicated in what species?

Cats

Erythropoietin (Epogen) is primarily used in the following feline patients:

Cats with anemia due to chronic renal failure

An animal that demonstrates an allergic response to penicillin administration should not be given which of the following antibiotics?

Cephalosporins

Which tricyclic antidepressant is now approved for used in dogs and cats to control separation anxiety?

Clomipramine (Clomicalm)

Triple sulfas were developed to the avert __ that was/were seen with single sulfonamide toxicity.

Crystalluria

The category of drugs classified as ACE inhibitors has which of the following effects on the body?

Decreases preload and afterload on the heart

Griseofulvin (Fulvicin) is used in cats, dogs, and horses to treat which of the following disorders?

Dermatophytosis

All of the following drugs are antagonists, used to reverse the effects of another drug except

Detomidine (Dormosedan)

What is not a potential side effect of the phenothiazine antiemetics?

Diarrhea

Mrs. Stillman's poodle Roxy has been diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy. The doctor has decided to dispense what drug, which Mrs. Stillman can administer per rectum, in the event of a seizure at home?

Diazepam

For cats diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a calcium channel blocker is often prescribed to relax the heart in an attempt to improve cardiac output. Which of the following drugs falls in this category?

Diltiazem

The term drug compounding refers to which of the following activities?

Diluting or combining drugs for ease of administration

A stool softener often helpful in patients recovering from anal surgery is

Docusate sodium succinate (DSS, Colace)

Which of the following statements correctly describes multidrug chemotherapeutic protocols?

Drugs are usually selected that work in different parts of the cell cycle.

The primary function of insulin is to

Facilitate the entry of glucose into cells

Which of the following drugs is used to decrease gastric acid production by blocking histamine receptors in the stomach?

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A cat diagnosed with hyperthyroidism may be offered a number of treatment options, including all but which of the following?

Fenbendazole medical management

An opioid analgesic often used in transdermal patches to control postsurgical pain is

Fentanyl

Which of the following drugs provides analgesic relief to a patient who undergoes a painful procedure?

Fentanyl

A veterinarian prescribes erythropoietin (Epogen) for use in a dog in terminal renal failure. Why was this drug prescribed?

For its ability to stimulate red blood cell production and release

Resuspension of NPH insulin is done by

Gently rolling the bottle

Malignant hyperthermia is a phenomenon associated primarily with the use of what inhalant anesthetic?

Halothane (Fluothane)

Glucocorticoids are often used to treat all but which of the following conditions?

Hyperadrenocorticism

What is a potential electrolyte imbalance that can occur as a result of administering a loop diuretic to a small animal?

Hypokalemia

In dogs that have been receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy (months to years), which of the following endocrinopathies can occur?

Iatrogenic Cushings disease/hyperadrenocorticism

In dogs that have been receiving long-term glucocorticoid therapy (months to years), a sudden discontinuation of the drug may result in which of the following medical problems?

Iatrogenic addisonian crisis

In which of the following circumstances should a thiobarbiturate drug be avoided?

In sight hounds and very thin patients

Atropine is often given as a preanesthetic agent. It is classified as an anticholinergic drug. That means that it will likely have the following effects on an animal receiving the drug:

Increased heart rate, decreased salivation, and decreased GI motility

Which of the following drugs is considered a biologic response modifier?

Interferon

A 12-year-old spayed female golden retriever is brought into your clinic with a history of waking up in her bed in a puddle of urine. A complete blood count (CBC), profile, and urinalysis reveal no sign of urinary tract disease. The doctor tells you to fill a prescription for phenylpropanolamine. The doctor is choosing this drug because

It treats urinary incontinence by increasing urethral sphincter tone.

Which of the following drugs does not have an immunosuppressive effect?

Ivermectin

You were assigned to work the front office at the hospital today. When you walk back to the treatment area, you notice a cat under anesthesia. The cat has eyes wide open and unblinking and limbs stiffly distended and is salivating profusely. Your highly educated guess is that this cat was anesthetized using which of the following drugs?

Ketamine (Ketaset)

An expectorant is a drug that acts to

Liquefy and dilute viscous secretions in the respiratory tract

The principal site of drug biotransformation is the

Liver

Why is it an accepted practice for cats receiving aspirin therapy to be dosed on a 2-day interval schedule only (i.e., a minimal dose every 2 days)?

Liver metabolism of salicylates occurs at a very slow rate in comparison to other species, thereby making cats extremely susceptible to overdose in comparison to dogs.

Which of the following drugs is classified as an osmotic diuretic and is often used to reduce intracranial pressure or treat oliguric renal failure?

Mannitol

A recent graduate veterinary technician is concerned that a sedated patient has a heart rate of 50 beats/min when the heart rate in a dog is normally 60 to 120 beats/min. You ask her which sedative the veterinarian used and were not at all surprised when she told you that the drug used was

Medetomidine (Domitor)

A progestin, often used in the past for the treatment of inappropriate elimination in cats, that has now fallen out of favor because of serious potential side effects, including mammary hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma, is

Megestrol acetate (Ovaban)

Which of the following drugs is used as an adulticide to treat a heartworm-positive dog?

Melarsomine (Immiticide)

The reversal agent used for opioid toxicity is

Naloxone (Narcan)

An example of an aminoglycoside antibiotic is

Neomycin

Oral hypoglycemic drugs, such as glipizide (Glucotrol), are used to treat

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes

Nutraceuticals is a category of drugs with which of the following characteristics?

Nontoxic food components that have proven health benefits

You are asked to work in the surgical recovery area. Oreo, a cat, is recovering from an exploratory laparotomy. Oreo was given morphine, in addition to other drugs. You anticipate all of the following except that

Oreo most likely will have an elevated respiratory rate.

The surgeon has completed Buffy's surgical procedure and asks you to discontinue the inhalant anesthesia. What is absolutely necessary to do when terminating anesthesia in a patient that has been receiving nitrous oxide?

Oxygenate for 5 to 10 minutes.

What drug will not cause nephrotoxicity?

Oxymorphone

Duragesic (Fentanyl) transdermal patches are used most commonly in veterinary medicine to control

Pain

Acepromazine should be avoided in

Patients with a history of seizures

Beuthanasia solution is back ordered at the distributor, so your employer asks you to order a different euthanasia solution. In researching the available drugs, you are reminded that the active ingredient in most euthanasia solutions is

Pentobarbital

What drug is in the same class as thiopental?

Phenobarbital

The most widely used type of antiemetic drugs used to prevent motion sickness in dogs and cats are the

Phenothiazines

Which of the following drugs can cause severe tissue necrosis if given perivascularly?

Phenylbutazone (Butazolidin)

Which of the following drugs is most commonly used to treat urinary incontinence in dogs?

Phenylpropanolamine

Amphojel and Basaljel are drugs in the general category of

Phosphate binders

Mr. Williams just adopted a mixed-breed puppy from the local animal shelter, and it was suggested that he bring it to a veterinarian to treat the worms noticed in its feces. Mr. Williams wanted to save some money and went to the local pet shop to buy a dewormer. The product that he purchased was most likely

Piperazine (Pipa-tabs)

Altrenogest, which is used for estrus synchronization in female animals, is a synthetic

Progestin

All of the following drugs are controlled substances, and their use must be logged except

Propofol

Kaolin and pectin (Kaopectate) and bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) are examples of

Protectants

If a drug package insert states that the drug is a coccidiostat, against what group of parasites will this drug be effective?

Protozoa (Eimeria, Isospora)

A recently reported side effect of fluoroquinolone administration (Baytril) in cats given SID dosing at a higher dosing schedule is

Retinal damage

A heartworm preventive that is also approved for the treatment of ear mites and sarcoptic mange is

Selamectin (Revolution)

What gas anesthesia demands the greatest degree of patient monitoring, because anesthetic depth changes occur most rapidly?

Sevoflurane (SevoFlo)

One of the adverse side effects of opioid administration is

Significant respiratory depression

The number of species of bacteria that are affected by an antibiotic is known as the antibiotic's

Spectrum

By what route is insulin usually administered in cases of uncomplicated diabetes?

Subcutaneous

A coating agent that forms an ulcer-adherent complex at the ulcer site is

Sucralfate

Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopa-mine are the primary neurotransmitters for the

Sympathetic nervous system

The class of antibiotics most commonly prescribed to treat rickettsial infections, such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, is

Tetracyclines

The therapeutic range of a drug refers to which of the following?

The plasma concentration at which therapeutic benefits should be observed

An asthmatic cat may receive which of the following drugs for its bronchodilatory effect?

Theophylline

Which statement about organophosphates is incorrect?

They have relatively few side effects.

Insulin concentration is measured in

Units per milliliter

You are out on an ambulatory call with Dr. Burrows to Milkman's Dairy. You are asked to bring the xylazine from the truck to sedate the patient. You are well aware that when using this drug in the bovine, you must

Use it at about 1/10 of the equine dose

Nitroglycerin is given primarily to achieve which of the following effects?

Vasodilation

Lidocaine is primarily used to control which of the following abnormalities?

Ventricular tachyarrhythmias

The antidote for warfarin (Dicumarol) poisoning is

Vitamin K

Which of the following is/are not a side effect of oral glucocorticoid administration in dogs?

Vomiting

An example of an α2-agonist is

Xylazine

The emetic of choice in cats is

Xylazine

A cow is accidentally dosed with an equine dose of xylazine. What drug should be immediately administered?

Yohimbine

What is the reversal agent for xylazine (Rompun)?

Yohimbine (Yobine)