PHARM_QuizCh46
adrenergic fibers.
Nerve fibers secreting norepinephrine are called:
synapse
A signal has reached the terminus of a client's nerve and is in the space where the nerve is closest to the effector cell in a muscle. At what location is this signal?
muscle contraction
Cholinergic receptors are classified as nicotinic or muscarinic. What is a result of the stimulation of the nicotinic receptors?
acetylcholine
What does the body create using choline?
acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitter communicates between nerves and muscles?
The client's blood pressure is decreased
A client has been prescribed a medication that antagonizes the beta receptors of the sympathetic nervous system. What assessment finding should the nurse attribute to the effects of this medication?
stimulation of beta1 receptors in the sympathetic nervous system.
A client has begun to experience post-operative pain and the client's heart rate has increased from 72 beats per minute to 96 beats per minute. The nurse should attribute this change to the effect of:
Pupil constriction Increased secretions Increased bladder contraction
A client with a history of glaucoma is prescribe pilocarpine, a muscarinic receptor agonist. For what potential local and systemic effects should the nurse assess? Select all that apply.
beta-2
A client with asthma is prescribed albuterol to dilate the bronchioles. The nurse understands that this drug is likely acting on which receptors?
"The impulse travels from the central nervous system (CNS) to the preganglionic neuron to the ganglia to the postganglionic neuron to the neuroeffector cells."
A client with neurologic symptoms has presented for diagnostic testing that will evaluate nerve impulse transmission. The nurse assisting with the procedure should be aware of what expected process of nerve impulse transmission?
Disruptions in the levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine
A client's left adrenal medulla has been injured in a motor vehicle accident. What is a possible implication of this injury?
A neurotransmitter will be released into the synaptic cleft
A client's nerve has been stimulated by pain and the resulting electrical action potential has reached the end of the axon. What will happen next?
By the release of a neurotransmitter
A client's nerves have been stimulated and the signal has reached the axon. How will communication continue?
an increase in blood pressure, bronchi dilation, and decreased bowel sounds
A nurse is caring for a patient who is having a sympathetic response. A sympathetic response involves:
control of body functions
After teaching a group of students about the functions of the nervous system, the instructor determines that the teaching was effective when the students identify that a function is:
control of body functions.
After teaching a group of students about the functions of the nervous system, the instructor determines that the teaching was effective when the students identify that a function is:
Acetylcholinesterase
After the effector cell has been stimulated by acetylcholine (ACh), what enzyme stops this stimulation and allows the effector membrane to repolarize?
Chemically
Neurotransmission is important in the function of the CNS. For neurotransmission to occur, how do neurons communicate with other cells?
an excitatory neurotransmitter that stimulates the brain to generalized increased activity.
Norepinephrine is mainly:
Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
Parasympathetic stimulation causes the release of nitrous oxide from the endothelium of blood vessels. Which of the following results from this release?
Dopamine
Parkinson's disease is associated with a decrease in which of the following neurotransmitters?
Neurotransmitter
Several factors impact synaptic transmission. What would a nurse know increases synaptic transmission?
acetylcholine
Several substances act as neurotransmitters in the human body. Which is a neurotransmitter?
Decreased rate of cellular metabolism.
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system results in all of the following EXCEPT:
an increased rate and force of myocardial contraction.
Sympathetic stimulation of the heart causes:
Alpha1
The anatomy and physiology instructor is discussing adrenergic receptors with the nursing class. What adrenergic receptor would the instructor tell the students is found in the blood vessels, iris, and urinary bladder?
beta-1
The anatomy and physiology instructor is discussing adrenergic receptors with the nursing class. What adrenergic receptor would the instructor tell the students is found in the heart and can stimulate increased myocardial activity and increase heart rate?
tyrosine
The body makes norepinephrine using what from the diet?
norepinephrine
The body uses tyrosine in the diet to make what substance?
A drug that increases parasympathetic response A drug that reduces sympathetic response A drug that reduces central nervous system (CNS) response
The client is undergoing chronic stress and is experiencing negative health effects. What type of drug could this client receive to reduce the autonomic nervous response? Select all that apply.
stimulating beta2-receptors
The nurse is caring for a client with asthma who has been administered albuterol in order to promote bronchodilation and relieve shortness of breath. When giving this medication, the nurse has affected the client's autonomic nervous system by:
Stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors
The nurse is caring for a client with asthma who has been experiencing shortness of breath and who has been administered a medication to cause bronchodilation. What aspect of autonomic nervous function has the nurse most likely influenced?
The client has "pinpoint" pupils.
The nurse is conducting an assessment of a newly admitted client. What assessment finding should suggest to the nurse that the client's muscarinic cholinergic receptors are being stimulated?
releasing one or more neurotransmitters into the synapse
The nurse is providing an overview of the structure and function of the nervous system to a client with a new diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The nurse describes how a stimulus normally travels down the axon of a nerve and stimulates an effector cell by:
low levels of acetylcholine.
The nurse is providing care for a client who has a health condition marked by excessive levels of acetylcholinesterase. The nurse should attribute assessment findings of this client to:
Decreased heart rate
The nursing instructor is explaining the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in influencing body functions. Which change in a patient's body functions would be directly related to the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system?
The client is drooling
What assessment finding of a client should the nurse attribute to the stimulation of muscarinic receptors?
Increased GI motility
What is the resulting physiologic effect when the parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated?
The two main divisions that control the nervous system are the central and peripheral nervous system.
What statement best explains the central and peripheral nervous system?
Tachycardia Pupil dilation Diaphoresis
When working with a client who is experiencing a stress response, the nurse should anticipate what effects? Select all that apply.
A client who has winced with pain during an intramuscular injection
Which client is most directly exhibiting the function of afferent nerves?
A client who is in anxious while waiting in the pre-operative area
Which client's nicotinic receptors are likely being stimulated the most?
Bronchodilation
Which effect results from activation of beta2 receptors?
bronchodilation
Which effect results from activation of beta2 receptors?
Respiratory disease
The nurse administers a drug that stimulates beta2 receptors. What type of health condition would this drug treat?
Stimulation of beta-receptors
The nurse assessed a client at 0800 and obtained a blood pressure of 111/70 mmHg. Two hours later, the client's blood pressure is 130/81 mmHg. The nurse should attribute this change to what action within the autonomic nervous system?
Within cholinergic nerves themselves
A client has a neurologic disorder characterized by a deficiency of acetylcholine. In what location is acetylcholine normally synthesized?
within cholinergic nerves themselves
A client has a neurologic disorder characterized by a deficiency of acetylcholine. In what location is acetylcholine normally synthesized?
the client's respiratory rate is 22 breaths per minute
The nurse is assessing a client. What assessment finding is the clearest indicator of autonomic function?
Vasodilation of blood vessels
The physiology instructor explains to the nursing students that beta-2 stimulation leads to:
Muscles or glands
The sensory nerves enter the brain and react with related nerves to cause a reaction. What mediates this reaction?
"Clients are encouraged to rest and relax during this time, free of families and visitors."
A client admitted to a cardiac unit asks why a rest period is required each afternoon. The nurse's response should be based on what information regarding the PNS?
Physical and emotional stress can be identified from vital signs
A client had an argument with another family member. Which is the best rationale for the nurse to wait to assess vital signs?
Dopamine
A client has a diagnosis of Parkinson disease, a health problem that has effects on motor function and cognition. What neurotransmitter is most likely deficient in this client's CNS?
assess blood pressure count respirations evaluate pupils
A nurse is caring for client experiencing pain. The client describes the pain as "9" on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being the worst pain. What nursing interventions would be necessary for the nurse to assess? Select all that apply.
norepinephrine
A nurse is reading an article about the fight or flight response that includes a discussion of a neurotransmitter. Which neurotransmitter most likely would be addressed?
Neurons convey action potentials to other neurons without being in physical contact.
A nurse is reviewing the structure and function of the nervous system in preparation for working on a neurological floor. What characteristic of neurons should the nurse identify?
The autonomic nervous spans the central and peripheral nervous systems
A nurse is reviewing the structure and function of the neurologic system in preparation for a work placement on a neurologic unit? What statement most accurately describes an aspect of the autonomic nervous system?
chemically
Neurons communicate through the use of synapses. These synapses may link neurons into functional circuits. How do the neurons communicate through the synapses?
Synapses Neurotransmitters Receptors
The neurotransmission system of the human body is a communication network. What is this network composed of? (Mark all that apply.)
Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response
The nurse accompanies the health care provider into the client's room and remains after the client is told he has cancer and a poor prognosis. The client's respirations become rapid and deep, his pupils dilate and he appears diaphoretic. What type of response is the nurse witnessing?
decreased adrenergic response
The nurse is caring for a client who is known to have deficient levels of dopamine because of a dietary lack of tyrosine. The nurse should expect to assess for evidence of:
anaphylactic shock triggered by a bee sting
The up-regulation of receptor is responsible for what client reaction?
Pupil dilation Increased heart rate
Which would NOT occur in the body when muscarinic receptors are stimulated? (Mark all that apply.)