PHI 2010 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
The view that right actions are those endorsed by one's culture is called __________ relativism.
CULTURAL
According to d'Holbach, all the mental and moral attributes that people think are evidence for an immaterial soul are in fact
D. purely physical and natural.
Baggini says that almost all deniers of meaning in life really seem to be rejecting only the idea that life has __________ meaning.
EXTERNAL
For most people, the term meaning in "meaning of life" refers to
EXTERNAL MEANING
According to Rawls, the term "justice as fairness" conveys the idea that the principles of justice are agreed to in an initial position that is
FAIR
Descartes had been disillusioned by his discovery that many of the alleged truths learned in his youth were
FALSE
True or False? A definition of art cannot help us tell art from nonart.
FALSE
True or False? According to Rowe, if we grant to Anselm the premise that God is a possible being, the argument is sound.
FALSE
True or False? Berkeley thinks that the sweet or bitter taste of food is inherent in the food itself.
FALSE
True or False? Descartes concludes that he is a thing that breathes.
FALSE
True or False? Empirical evidence can show that the principle of induction is true.
FALSE
True or False? Few people think questions about the meaning of life are important.
FALSE
True or False? Gardner argues that we can never have objective standards for judging aesthetic value.
FALSE
True or False? It's possible someone could hand you the meaning of life as a gift.
FALSE
True or False? Locke would favor a theocracy.
FALSE
True or False? Most scientists agree with Behe.
FALSE
True or False? Often people begin their search for meaning by asking, "What is the meaning of life?" But understanding the question is a secondary endeavor.
FALSE
True or False? Persuasion does not necessarily involve giving any reasons at all for accepting a claim.
FALSE
True or False? Political philosophy is a descriptive discipline dedicated to uncovering the empirical facts of political systems past or present.
FALSE
True or False? Rawls insists that social and economic inequalities in a well-ordered society will never arise.
FALSE
True or False? Rowe says that progress in the philosophical study of free will is not possible.
FALSE
True or False? Sartre thinks that man's future is predestined.
FALSE
True or False? Socrates thought that the primary occupation of a good citizen should be the pursuit of wealth and prestige.
FALSE
True or False? Taylor believes that simple determinism allows us to have a plausible form of free will.
FALSE
True or False? Taylor says that man is condemned to be free.
FALSE
True or False? In Hick's view, because God is good and loving, the environment that he has created for human life is naturally as pleasant and comfortable as possible.
FASLE
The notion of "meaning in life" refers to
INTERNAL MEANING
The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true simply because many people believe it is known as _____.
THE APPEAL TO POPULARITY
Paley says that every indication of contrivance and design that exists in the watch exists in
THE WORKS OF NATURE
True or False? According to Socrates, we should always consider in doing anything whether we are doing right or wrong
TRUE
True or False? An argument of this form—If p, then q; not p; therefore, not q—is called modus tollens.
TRUE
True or False? Berkeley does not believe in material substance.
TRUE
True or False? Hume says that a good tragedy evokes fear and pity.
TRUE
True or False? Locke is an optimist about human nature; he thinks people are basically generous and good.
TRUE
True or False? Locke says that a primary quality is one that is utterly inseparable from a body.
TRUE
True or False? Locke's ideas heavily influenced the framers of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.
TRUE
True or False? Rawls thinks of social contracts as very useful fictions.
TRUE
True or False? Rowe says that Lockean freedom exists solely at the level of action.
TRUE
True or False? Rowe says that most philosophers who have considered Anselm's argument have rejected it because they believe it tries to define something into existence.
TRUE
True or False? Sartre says forlornness comes from the realization that God does not exist, and we must face all the consequences of this.
TRUE
True or False? Social contract theory is the view that justice is secured, and the state is made legitimate, through an agreement among citizens of the state or between the citizens and the rulers of the state.
TRUE
True or False? Some maintain that the idea of God creating people for a purpose is an affront to human dignity.
TRUE
True or False? Suzanne Lacy declared that the goal of feminist art was to influence cultural attitudes and transform stereotypes.
TRUE
True or False? The key to identifying an argument in context is to first identify the conclusion then look for the premises.
TRUE
True or False? Tolstoy defined art as expression.
TRUE
True or False? Van Inwagen rejects compatibilism.
TRUE
A good argument must have (1) solid logic and (2) _____.
TRUE PREMISES
According to Hobbes, whenever and wherever men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, there is
WAR
The view that works of art have objective properties by which we can judge their aesthetic goodness or badness is known as
OBJECTIVISM
Camus says, "Judging whether life is or is not worth living amounts to answering the fundamental question of
PHILOSOPHY
Knowing that something is the case is called __________ knowledge.
PROPOSITIONAL
Traditionally art has been defined as
REPRESENTATION
A(n) _____ is an assertion that something is or is not the case and is therefore the kind of utterance that is either true or false.
STATEMENT
__________ said, "The longer you live the more clearly you feel that, on the whole, life is a disappointment, nay, a cheat."
Schopenhauer
The purging of the emotions of pity and fear by experiencing them vicariously in a theatrical context is known as
catharsis
A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as _____
the Socratic method
According to Rawls, behind the veil of ignorance, the principles of justice are
the result of a fair agreement or bargain.
Hume says anyone paying attention would see that the works of Ogilby and Milton are
different in their level of genius and elegance.
True or False? Swinburne argues that theism is a very complex hypothesis.
false
Aquinas says that the first efficient cause of everything is
god
Aesthetic values have to do with
good and bad works of art and other objects that could be judged beautiful.
If our actions are not free in any important sense, it is difficult to see how we could be
held morally responsible for what we do.
Berkeley insists that heat and cold are
only sensations existing in our minds
Libertarians contend that real freedom is not just the power to act if we will to act, but
power over the will itself.
Hume observes that to argue that the principle of induction can be established by experience is to
beg the question.
James maintains that the desire for a certain kind of truth can
bring about the special truth's existence.
True or False? Pascal advises those who are unable to believe in God to reduce their passions and act as if they believed.
true
Philo says the analogy that Cleanthes uses to make his case is
weak
__________ asked, "Is it better to be slaves [of God] with a role in the universe or to be free people left to create a role for ourselves?"
BAGGINI
The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____.
METAPHYSICS