PHI 2010 FINAL EXAM REVIEW

The view that right actions are those endorsed by one's culture is called __________ relativism.

CULTURAL

According to d'Holbach, all the mental and moral attributes that people think are evidence for an immaterial soul are in fact

D. purely physical and natural.

Baggini says that almost all deniers of meaning in life really seem to be rejecting only the idea that life has __________ meaning.

EXTERNAL

For most people, the term meaning in "meaning of life" refers to

EXTERNAL MEANING

According to Rawls, the term "justice as fairness" conveys the idea that the principles of justice are agreed to in an initial position that is

FAIR

Descartes had been disillusioned by his discovery that many of the alleged truths learned in his youth were

FALSE

True or False? A definition of art cannot help us tell art from nonart.

FALSE

True or False? According to Rowe, if we grant to Anselm the premise that God is a possible being, the argument is sound.

FALSE

True or False? Berkeley thinks that the sweet or bitter taste of food is inherent in the food itself.

FALSE

True or False? Descartes concludes that he is a thing that breathes.

FALSE

True or False? Empirical evidence can show that the principle of induction is true.

FALSE

True or False? Few people think questions about the meaning of life are important.

FALSE

True or False? Gardner argues that we can never have objective standards for judging aesthetic value.

FALSE

True or False? It's possible someone could hand you the meaning of life as a gift.

FALSE

True or False? Locke would favor a theocracy.

FALSE

True or False? Most scientists agree with Behe.

FALSE

True or False? Often people begin their search for meaning by asking, "What is the meaning of life?" But understanding the question is a secondary endeavor.

FALSE

True or False? Persuasion does not necessarily involve giving any reasons at all for accepting a claim.

FALSE

True or False? Political philosophy is a descriptive discipline dedicated to uncovering the empirical facts of political systems past or present.

FALSE

True or False? Rawls insists that social and economic inequalities in a well-ordered society will never arise.

FALSE

True or False? Rowe says that progress in the philosophical study of free will is not possible.

FALSE

True or False? Sartre thinks that man's future is predestined.

FALSE

True or False? Socrates thought that the primary occupation of a good citizen should be the pursuit of wealth and prestige.

FALSE

True or False? Taylor believes that simple determinism allows us to have a plausible form of free will.

FALSE

True or False? Taylor says that man is condemned to be free.

FALSE

True or False? In Hick's view, because God is good and loving, the environment that he has created for human life is naturally as pleasant and comfortable as possible.

FASLE

The notion of "meaning in life" refers to

INTERNAL MEANING

The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true simply because many people believe it is known as _____.

THE APPEAL TO POPULARITY

Paley says that every indication of contrivance and design that exists in the watch exists in

THE WORKS OF NATURE

True or False? According to Socrates, we should always consider in doing anything whether we are doing right or wrong

TRUE

True or False? An argument of this form—If p, then q; not p; therefore, not q—is called modus tollens.

TRUE

True or False? Berkeley does not believe in material substance.

TRUE

True or False? Hume says that a good tragedy evokes fear and pity.

TRUE

True or False? Locke is an optimist about human nature; he thinks people are basically generous and good.

TRUE

True or False? Locke says that a primary quality is one that is utterly inseparable from a body.

TRUE

True or False? Locke's ideas heavily influenced the framers of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.

TRUE

True or False? Rawls thinks of social contracts as very useful fictions.

TRUE

True or False? Rowe says that Lockean freedom exists solely at the level of action.

TRUE

True or False? Rowe says that most philosophers who have considered Anselm's argument have rejected it because they believe it tries to define something into existence.

TRUE

True or False? Sartre says forlornness comes from the realization that God does not exist, and we must face all the consequences of this.

TRUE

True or False? Social contract theory is the view that justice is secured, and the state is made legitimate, through an agreement among citizens of the state or between the citizens and the rulers of the state.

TRUE

True or False? Some maintain that the idea of God creating people for a purpose is an affront to human dignity.

TRUE

True or False? Suzanne Lacy declared that the goal of feminist art was to influence cultural attitudes and transform stereotypes.

TRUE

True or False? The key to identifying an argument in context is to first identify the conclusion then look for the premises.

TRUE

True or False? Tolstoy defined art as expression.

TRUE

True or False? Van Inwagen rejects compatibilism.

TRUE

A good argument must have (1) solid logic and (2) _____.

TRUE PREMISES

According to Hobbes, whenever and wherever men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, there is

WAR

The view that works of art have objective properties by which we can judge their aesthetic goodness or badness is known as

OBJECTIVISM

Camus says, "Judging whether life is or is not worth living amounts to answering the fundamental question of

PHILOSOPHY

Knowing that something is the case is called __________ knowledge.

PROPOSITIONAL

Traditionally art has been defined as

REPRESENTATION

A(n) _____ is an assertion that something is or is not the case and is therefore the kind of utterance that is either true or false.

STATEMENT

__________ said, "The longer you live the more clearly you feel that, on the whole, life is a disappointment, nay, a cheat."

Schopenhauer

The purging of the emotions of pity and fear by experiencing them vicariously in a theatrical context is known as

catharsis

A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as _____

the Socratic method

According to Rawls, behind the veil of ignorance, the principles of justice are

the result of a fair agreement or bargain.

Hume says anyone paying attention would see that the works of Ogilby and Milton are

different in their level of genius and elegance.

True or False? Swinburne argues that theism is a very complex hypothesis.

false

Aquinas says that the first efficient cause of everything is

god

Aesthetic values have to do with

good and bad works of art and other objects that could be judged beautiful.

If our actions are not free in any important sense, it is difficult to see how we could be

held morally responsible for what we do.

Berkeley insists that heat and cold are

only sensations existing in our minds

Libertarians contend that real freedom is not just the power to act if we will to act, but

power over the will itself.

Hume observes that to argue that the principle of induction can be established by experience is to

beg the question.

James maintains that the desire for a certain kind of truth can

bring about the special truth's existence.

True or False? Pascal advises those who are unable to believe in God to reduce their passions and act as if they believed.

true

Philo says the analogy that Cleanthes uses to make his case is

weak

__________ asked, "Is it better to be slaves [of God] with a role in the universe or to be free people left to create a role for ourselves?"

BAGGINI

The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____.

METAPHYSICS