PHI FINAL
True or False? A good deductive argument is said to be sound.
TRUE
True or False? D'Holbach says that man's life is a course that nature compels him to take without deviation.
TRUE
True or False? Rowe says that Lockean freedom exists solely at the level of action.
TRUE
Van Inwagen rejects compatibilism.
TRUE
according to Rawls, behind the veil of ignorance, the principles of justice are A. impractical. B. chosen arbitrarily.
TRUE RESULT OF A FAIR agreement OR BARGAIN
Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as _____. a. aesthetics b. epistemology c. logic d. metaphysics
epistemology
Paley maintains that the key difference between the "contrivance" of a watch and that of nature is that the latter is A. greater and grander. B. more natural. C. simpler. D. olde
greater and grander.
According to d'Holbach, all the mental and moral attributes that people think are evidence for an immaterial soul are in fact A. undetermined. B. ethereal. C. purely intellectual. D. purely physical and natural.
purely physical and natural.
Locke argues that even if there were particular truths that all men agreed on, that fact would not prove the existence of innate ideas.
true
True or False? According to Hume, custom alone renders our experience useful to us.
true
True or False? Hume believes that there is a difference in aesthetic quality between the works of Ogilby and Milton.
true
True or False? Locke asserts the right to rebel against a government that misuses its power.
true
True or False? Locke is an optimist about human nature; he thinks people are basically generous and good. True False
true
True or False? According to Rowe, if we grant to Anselm the premise that God is a possible being, the argument is sound.
FALSE
True or False? Socrates preferred exile to death
FALSE
True or False? Arthur Danto thought that Warhol's "Brillo Box" was not art.
false
True or False? Descartes says there are very few ways that we can tell whether we are dreaming.
false
True or False? Locke thinks that the majority has the right to rescind the rights of the minority.
false
If our actions are not free in any important sense, it is difficult to see how we could be A. held morally responsible for what we do. B. human. C. determined by outside forces. D. the subject of accurate predictions.
held morally responsible for what we do.
A good argument must have (1) solid logic and (2) _____. a. cogent disjunctions b. inductive analogies c. valid conclusions d. true premises
true premises
According to Hobbes, whenever and wherever men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, there is A. democracy. B. war. C. freedom. D. negotiation
war
True or False? Rawls thinks of social contracts as very useful fictions.
true
True or False? Social contract theory is the view that justice is secured, and the state is made legitimate, through an agreement among citizens of the state or between the citizens and the rulers of the state.
true
The doctrine that every event is determined or necessitated by preceding events and the laws of nature is known as A. compatibilism. B. hard determinism. C. libertarianism. D. determinism.
determinism.
When we arrive at a generalization about an entire group of things after observing just some members of the group, we are making a(n) _____. a. sound deduction b. analogical induction c. valid inference d. enumerative induction
enumerative induction
True or False? Rawls insists that social and economic inequalities in a well-ordered society will never arise.
false
True or False? The notion that beauty is a Platonic Form comes from Aristotle.
false
Arguments that are supposed to give probable support to their conclusions are _____. a. inductive b. sound c. deductive d. valid
inductive
In the type of argument known as _____, we begin with premises about a phenomenon or state of affairs to be explained; then we reason from those premises to an explanation for that state of affairs. a. statistical syllogism b. analogical induction c. explanatory deduction d. inference to the best explanation
inference to the best explanation
he study of correct reasoning is called _____. a. axiology b. logic c. value theory d. cognition
logic
Berkeley believes that sensible things cannot exist except in A. a mind. B. material substance. C. a material universe. D. absolute existence.
mind
Aesthetics addresses questions that interest
philosophers and nonphilosophers.
Aesthetic values have to do with
the moral value of works of art and other objects that could be judged beautiful
True or False? Van Inwagen is a hard determinist.
FALSE
Philo says the analogy that Cleanthes uses to make his case is
WEAK
According to Hick, a certain amount of evil in the world is A. caused by a finite God. B. illusory. C. necessary. D. contrary to divinity.
NECESSARY
According to Sartre, there is at least one being in whom existence precedes essence, and this being is A. primitive man. B. man. C. future man. D. God
man
Hick believes that such evils as poverty, oppression, persecution, and war are A. manifestations of human sin. B. divine evils. C. unreal. D. natural evils.
manifestations of human sin.
True or False? Aquinas accepts the notion of an infinite series of causes.
FALSE
True or False? Scientists and philosophers have no explanation for the existence of the universe.
FALSE
True or False? Taylor thinks that soft determinism is true to our moral intuitions.
FALSE
True or False? There is no form of Buddhism that conflicts with modern science.
FALSE
Van Inwagen's case against compatibilism rests in part on the fact that we cannot render a law of nature A. understandable. B. intelligible .C. false. D. coherent.
FALSE
Descartes had been disillusioned by his discovery that many of the alleged truths learned in his youth were A. true. B. beyond question. C. false. D. contrary to his religion.
false
Empirical evidence can show that the principle of induction is true.
false
True or False? Political philosophy is a descriptive discipline dedicated to uncovering the empirical facts of political systems past or present.
false
Danto is probably best known for his
C. institutional theory of art
Traditionally art has been defined as
representation.
Locke rejected the notion of A. sense data. B. relations of ideas. C. empirical knowledge. D. innate ideas.
sense data
According to Paley, we must conclude that a watch had an intelligent designer if the watch A. shows purposefulness. B. runs well. C. is engraved. D. has a structure.
shows purposefulness.
The systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called _____. a. the argumentative method b. propositional logic c. the philosophical method d. syllogistic reasoning
the philosophical method
Descartes argues against trusting the senses on the grounds that A. they sometimes deceive him. B.they never directly deceive him. C. God allows sensory deception. D. sense perception is indubitabl
they sometimes deceive him.
__________ is a form of liberalism, the aim of which is to preserve individual liberties while ensuring the general welfare of the citizenry. A. Socialism B. Communism C. Libertarianism D. Welfare liberalism
Welfare liberalism
A group of statements in which one of them is meant to be supported by the others is _____. a. a conclusion b. an argument c. a reductio d. a statement
an argument
Hume observes that to argue that the principle of induction can be established by experience is to A. beg the question. B. make a valid argument. C. state the obvious. D. prove too much.
beg the question.
James maintains that the desire for a certain kind of truth can A. have no religious significance. B. never help to create a fact. C. change nothing. D. bring about the special truth's existence.
bring about the special truth's existence
The purging of the emotions of pity and fear by experiencing them vicariously in a theatrical context is known as
catharsis
Hume says anyone paying attention would see that the works of Ogilby and Milton are
different in their level of genius and elegance.
According to Locke, primary qualities of bodies are in no way resemblances of those bodies.
false
The view that works of art have objective properties by which we can judge their aesthetic goodness or badness is known as
objectivism