PHI FINAL

True or False? A good deductive argument is said to be sound.

TRUE

True or False? D'Holbach says that man's life is a course that nature compels him to take without deviation.

TRUE

True or False? Rowe says that Lockean freedom exists solely at the level of action.

TRUE

Van Inwagen rejects compatibilism.

TRUE

according to Rawls, behind the veil of ignorance, the principles of justice are A. impractical. B. chosen arbitrarily.

TRUE RESULT OF A FAIR agreement OR BARGAIN

Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as _____. a. aesthetics b. epistemology c. logic d. metaphysics

epistemology

Paley maintains that the key difference between the "contrivance" of a watch and that of nature is that the latter is A. greater and grander. B. more natural. C. simpler. D. olde

greater and grander.

According to d'Holbach, all the mental and moral attributes that people think are evidence for an immaterial soul are in fact A. undetermined. B. ethereal. C. purely intellectual. D. purely physical and natural.

purely physical and natural.

Locke argues that even if there were particular truths that all men agreed on, that fact would not prove the existence of innate ideas.

true

True or False? According to Hume, custom alone renders our experience useful to us.

true

True or False? Hume believes that there is a difference in aesthetic quality between the works of Ogilby and Milton.

true

True or False? Locke asserts the right to rebel against a government that misuses its power.

true

True or False? Locke is an optimist about human nature; he thinks people are basically generous and good. True False

true

True or False? According to Rowe, if we grant to Anselm the premise that God is a possible being, the argument is sound.

FALSE

True or False? Socrates preferred exile to death

FALSE

True or False? Arthur Danto thought that Warhol's "Brillo Box" was not art.

false

True or False? Descartes says there are very few ways that we can tell whether we are dreaming.

false

True or False? Locke thinks that the majority has the right to rescind the rights of the minority.

false

If our actions are not free in any important sense, it is difficult to see how we could be A. held morally responsible for what we do. B. human. C. determined by outside forces. D. the subject of accurate predictions.

held morally responsible for what we do.

A good argument must have (1) solid logic and (2) _____. a. cogent disjunctions b. inductive analogies c. valid conclusions d. true premises

true premises

According to Hobbes, whenever and wherever men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, there is A. democracy. B. war. C. freedom. D. negotiation

war

True or False? Rawls thinks of social contracts as very useful fictions.

true

True or False? Social contract theory is the view that justice is secured, and the state is made legitimate, through an agreement among citizens of the state or between the citizens and the rulers of the state.

true

The doctrine that every event is determined or necessitated by preceding events and the laws of nature is known as A. compatibilism. B. hard determinism. C. libertarianism. D. determinism.

determinism.

When we arrive at a generalization about an entire group of things after observing just some members of the group, we are making a(n) _____. a. sound deduction b. analogical induction c. valid inference d. enumerative induction

enumerative induction

True or False? Rawls insists that social and economic inequalities in a well-ordered society will never arise.

false

True or False? The notion that beauty is a Platonic Form comes from Aristotle.

false

Arguments that are supposed to give probable support to their conclusions are _____. a. inductive b. sound c. deductive d. valid

inductive

In the type of argument known as _____, we begin with premises about a phenomenon or state of affairs to be explained; then we reason from those premises to an explanation for that state of affairs. a. statistical syllogism b. analogical induction c. explanatory deduction d. inference to the best explanation

inference to the best explanation

he study of correct reasoning is called _____. a. axiology b. logic c. value theory d. cognition

logic

Berkeley believes that sensible things cannot exist except in A. a mind. B. material substance. C. a material universe. D. absolute existence.

mind

Aesthetics addresses questions that interest

philosophers and nonphilosophers.

Aesthetic values have to do with

the moral value of works of art and other objects that could be judged beautiful

True or False? Van Inwagen is a hard determinist.

FALSE

Philo says the analogy that Cleanthes uses to make his case is

WEAK

According to Hick, a certain amount of evil in the world is A. caused by a finite God. B. illusory. C. necessary. D. contrary to divinity.

NECESSARY

According to Sartre, there is at least one being in whom existence precedes essence, and this being is A. primitive man. B. man. C. future man. D. God

man

Hick believes that such evils as poverty, oppression, persecution, and war are A. manifestations of human sin. B. divine evils. C. unreal. D. natural evils.

manifestations of human sin.

True or False? Aquinas accepts the notion of an infinite series of causes.

FALSE

True or False? Scientists and philosophers have no explanation for the existence of the universe.

FALSE

True or False? Taylor thinks that soft determinism is true to our moral intuitions.

FALSE

True or False? There is no form of Buddhism that conflicts with modern science.

FALSE

Van Inwagen's case against compatibilism rests in part on the fact that we cannot render a law of nature A. understandable. B. intelligible .C. false. D. coherent.

FALSE

Descartes had been disillusioned by his discovery that many of the alleged truths learned in his youth were A. true. B. beyond question. C. false. D. contrary to his religion.

false

Empirical evidence can show that the principle of induction is true.

false

True or False? Political philosophy is a descriptive discipline dedicated to uncovering the empirical facts of political systems past or present.

false

Danto is probably best known for his

C. institutional theory of art

Traditionally art has been defined as

representation.

Locke rejected the notion of A. sense data. B. relations of ideas. C. empirical knowledge. D. innate ideas.

sense data

According to Paley, we must conclude that a watch had an intelligent designer if the watch A. shows purposefulness. B. runs well. C. is engraved. D. has a structure.

shows purposefulness.

The systematic use of critical reasoning to try to find answers to fundamental questions about reality, morality, and knowledge is called _____. a. the argumentative method b. propositional logic c. the philosophical method d. syllogistic reasoning

the philosophical method

Descartes argues against trusting the senses on the grounds that A. they sometimes deceive him. B.they never directly deceive him. C. God allows sensory deception. D. sense perception is indubitabl

they sometimes deceive him.

__________ is a form of liberalism, the aim of which is to preserve individual liberties while ensuring the general welfare of the citizenry. A. Socialism B. Communism C. Libertarianism D. Welfare liberalism

Welfare liberalism

A group of statements in which one of them is meant to be supported by the others is _____. a. a conclusion b. an argument c. a reductio d. a statement

an argument

Hume observes that to argue that the principle of induction can be established by experience is to A. beg the question. B. make a valid argument. C. state the obvious. D. prove too much.

beg the question.

James maintains that the desire for a certain kind of truth can A. have no religious significance. B. never help to create a fact. C. change nothing. D. bring about the special truth's existence.

bring about the special truth's existence

The purging of the emotions of pity and fear by experiencing them vicariously in a theatrical context is known as

catharsis

Hume says anyone paying attention would see that the works of Ogilby and Milton are

different in their level of genius and elegance.

According to Locke, primary qualities of bodies are in no way resemblances of those bodies.

false

The view that works of art have objective properties by which we can judge their aesthetic goodness or badness is known as

objectivism