PHIL 130 Final Exam UTK Dr. Moore

She's the best candidate for the job. I know this, because no one is better qualified. 1- biased sample 2- complex question 3- hasty generalization 4- division 5- begging the question

begging the question

He said he is a great artist, but he dresses sloppily; so, he is probably a poor artist. 1- appeal to the people 2- appeal to pity 3- appeal to fear or force 4-tu quoque 5- ad hominem abusive

ad hominem abusive

Peyton Manning eats oatmeal; so, it must be good for you, especially if you are a football player. 1- appeal to pity 2- appeal to ignorance 3- missing the point 4-appeal to an unqualified authority 5- appeal to fear or force

appeal to an unqualified authority

No one has proven that God doesn't exist. Therefore, God must exist 1- missing the point 2- appeal to fear or force 3- appeal to pity 4- appeal to an unqualified authority 5- appeal to ignorance

appeal to ignorance

Since no one has completely proved that ghosts don't exist, it follows that they must exist. 1- appeal to pity 2- appeal to ignorance 3- missing the point 4-appeal to an unqualified authority 5- appeal to fear or force

appeal to ignorance

Determine whether the following passage contains an argument or an explanation. Computers will soon be in every home because the cost of buying one goes down dramatically every year.

argument

Determine whether the following passage contains an argument. He was born in 1988. According to the Chinese zodiac, that happens to be a Dragon year. Thus, he is sure to have good fortune all his life.

argument

Determine whether the following passage contains an argument. More damage was done last year from hurricanes than earthquakes. There was $100 million damage last year from hurricanes. There was $70 million damage last year from earthquakes.

argument

Seventy percent of a sample of registered Democrats in this state said that they will vote for the Democratic nominee for Senate. So, I predict that the Democratic nominee will definitely get around seventy percent of the total vote this fall. 1- red herring 2- biased sample 3- complex question 4- begging the question 5- hasty generalization

biased sample

Are you continuing to buy lottery tickets with your hard-earned money? 1- hasty generalization 2- biased sample 3- red herring 4- begging the question 5- complex question

complex question

You should not give me an F on the exam. The cost of education is going up every year, and students are having a hard time affording an education. They also are getting in debt more than ever before. 1- misleading precision 2- division 3- red herring 4- straw man fallacy 5- composition

red herring fallacy

Everyone should eat raw vegetables at least twice a day. Therefore, your 1-month-old baby should start eating raw vegetables. 1- begging the question 2- rigid application of a generalization 3- hasty generalization 4- complex question 5- biased sample

rigid application of a generalization

If you let your young children watch television, then they will want to go to the movies, too. Then they will want to go to concerts. At the concerts, they will be exposed to drugs. Soon they will be experimenting with all kinds of illegal drugs. Before you know it, they will be addicts. So, it is pretty clear—do not buy a television 1- straw man 2- red herring 3- slippery slope 4- post hoc fallacy 5- false dichotomy

slippery slope

A deductive argument is one in which it is claimed that the conclusion follows necessarily from the premises.

true

A statement must be either true or false.

true

An informal fallacy is a mistake in reasoning that occurs in ordinary language and is different from an error in the form or structure of arguments.

true

If a passage exhibits some process of reasoning, it makes an inferential claim.

true

When A=T and B=F, the sentence A ⋅ ∼ B is.... T/F

true

When A=T, B=F, and C=T, the sentence ∼ C ≡ ( A ⊃ B )is T/F

true

You tell me to wear a seat belt when I drive because it will protect me in case I get in an accident. I never saw you wear one when you drive, so why should I wear one? 1- appeal to fear or force 2- tu quoque 3- appeal to the people 4- appeal to pity 5- ad hominem abusive

tu quoque

Which of the following is not a well-formed formula (wff)? a. A ⊃∼ B b. ⋅ B v C ∼ c. C ≡∼ E

B

In the following argument, the claim "every object in Las Vegas is smaller than in other cities" plays what role? (a) it is the premise (b) it is the conclusion (c) it is neither a premise nor the conclusion Paris's Eiffel Tower is three times as tall as the one in Las Vegas. The Luxor Pyramid in Las Vegas is half the size of the original in Egypt. The Statue of Liberty in New York is four times the one in Las Vegas. Thus, every object in Las Vegas is smaller than in other cities

b. it is the conclusion

Every apple in that barrel weighs very little. So, I predict that the barrel of apples weighs very little. 1- missing the point 2- equivocation 3- division 4- composition 5- emphasis

composition

A statement that is sometimes true and sometimes false is called which of the following: 1- contingent 2- tautology 3- self-contradiction 4- conditional

contingent

Determine whether the following argument is best classified as being deductive or inductive. All elements with atomic weights less than 50 are unstable. Q is an element with an atomic weight of 49. Therefore, Q is unstable.

deductive

Determine whether the following argument is best classified as being deductive or inductive. Only those with tickets can enter the theater. You don't have a ticket. So, you can't enter the theater.

deductive

He put his money in a bank. He lives next to the bank of a river that contains many large boulders. So, he must have put his money where there are a lot of boulders. 1- misleading precision 2- equivocation 3- composition 4- division 5- missing the point

equivocation

Determine whether the following passage contains an argument or an explanation. My car won't start. It must be out of gas.

explanation

Determine whether the following passage contains an argument or an explanation. She quit her job today because she inherited $1 million from a rich relative.

explanation

An argument is any group of statements.

false

An invalid argument can be a sound argument.

false

In a valid deductive argument, the conclusion must be true.

false

Premises are dependent when they cannot all be false at the same time.

false

Premises are independent when they are all true at the same time

false

I took two vacations to Honolulu and both times it rained a lot. I'm sure that it must rain in Honolulu all the time. 1- hasty generalization 2- red herring 3- begging the question 4- complex question 5- biased sample

hasty generalization

Determine whether the following argument is best classified as being deductive or inductive. Some horses can run a mile in under 3 minutes. Rachel has a horse. Therefore, Rachel's horse can run a mile in under 3 minutes.

inductive

Determine whether the following argument is valid or invalid. Every member of the Seattle Tiny Tim fan club plays the ukulele. Lorraine and Sue live in Seattle and play the ukulele. Therefore, Lorraine and Sue belong to the Seattle Tiny Tim fan club.

invalid

Determine whether the following argument is valid or invalid. Since some Chevrolets are purple and some Chevrolets are trucks, it necessarily follows that Chevrolet makes at least some purple trucks.

invalid

In the following argument, the claim "we have no moral right to change a country's way of governing itself" plays what role? (a) it is the premise (b) it is the conclusion (c) it is neither a premise nor the conclusion We should stop interfering in other countries' affairs. This follows from the fact that we have no moral right to change a country's way of governing itself. Also, interfering often gets us locked into combat; not to mention that the potential for loss of lives on both sides is high. In addition, the cost of waging wars is astronomical. Any engagement means weakening our already shaky economy. Add the fact that interfering makes us have more enemies around the world who feel threatened by us.

it is a premise

The ad for that car claims that it has 20% fewer moving parts. You should buy it; it is less likely to break down in the future. 1- false dichotomy 2- composition 3- misleading precision 4- division 5- post hoc fallacy

misleading precision

He is honest, and he is loyal. He has never been in trouble with the law. He has a great work history. Given all that, we're not going to hire him. 1- appeal to pity 2- appeal to ignorance 3- appeal to fear or force 4- appeal to an unqualified authority 5- missing the point

missing the point

Determine whether the following passage contains an argument. I like candy. I love chocolate. I hate peanuts. Also, I don't care for circus acts or water sports. It's OK if you like that stuff.

not an argument

Determine whether the following passage contains an argument. Most scientists agree that global warming is caused by human activity.

not an argument

Joe got a chain letter and sent it to six people, as requested. The letter promised that if he kept the chain letter going, he would receive good luck. Today, he got a raise from his boss. 1- missing the point 2- division 3- misleading precison 4- post hoc (coincidence) 5- false dichotomy

post hoc