Philos 210, Module 2: Practice Problems (Step #3)

A syllogism has _____(A)_____ premise(s) and _____(B)____ conclusion(s) (A) One (B) Two (C) Any number of

(A) --> One (B) --> One

Which one of the following is not a corresponding claim of "Some wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts"? A) No wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts. B) All wizards who did not go to Hogwarts are wizards who dislike spinach. C) Some wizards who dislike spinach are not wizards who did not go to Hogwarts. D) All wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts.

B) All wizards who did not go to Hogwarts are wizards who dislike spinach.

In a square of opposition, claims that are on the same diagonal are __________ of each other A) Contraries B) Contradictories C) Sub-Contraries

B) Contradictories

If it is false that "Some animals are not cats." then it is _____ that "No animals are cats" A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

B) FALSE

If a claim is true then its contrary is A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

B) False

If it is false that "Some house elves are not slaves." then it is _________ that "No house elves are slaves." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

B) False

If it is false that "Some people in this class are non-believers." then it is __________ that "All people in this class are non-believers." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

B) False

If it is false that "Some people in this class are not believers." then it is ______________ that "No people in this class are believers." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

B) False

If it is false that "Some students are people ineligible to take this course." then it is __________ that "All students are people ineligible to take this course." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

B) False

If it is false that "Some wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts." then it is _______ that "All wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

B) False

It is _____ that a categorical syllogism can lack a middle category A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

B) False

f it is true that "Some people who are brave enough to confront Fluffy are people who are not looking for the Sorcerer's Stone." then it is ___________ that "No people who are brave enough to confront Fluffy are people who are not looking for the Sorcerer's Stone." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

B) False

In a square of opposition, claims that are on the _____ row are *subcontraries* of each other A) Upper B) Lower C) Same Diagonal D) Right

B) Lower

In a categorical syllogism the _______ category is the subject category of the conclusion A) Major Term B) Minor Term C) Middle Term

B) Minor

Which one of the following is a corresponding claim of "All cats are animals"? A) All cats are not animals. B) You Answered Some animals are not cats. C) No cats are not animals. D) No cats are animals.

B) No cats are animals

Which one of the following is a corresponding claim of "All cats are animals"? A) No cats are not animals B) No cats are animals C) All cats are not animals D) Some animals are not cats

B) No cats are animals

Which one of the following is not a corresponding claim of "All cats are animals"? A) Some cats are not animals. B) No cats are not animals. C) No cats are animals. D) Some cats are animals.

B) No cats are not animals.

The only type of pet allowed are cats. A) Standard B) Non-Standard Form

B) Non-Standard

None of the cats at the shelter have owners A) Standard Form B)Non-standard Form

B) Non-Standard Form

Only animals can be pets A) Standard Form B)Non-standard Form

B) Non-Standard Form

Every novel is a book A) Standard Form B)Non-standard Form

B) Non-standard

Not every book is a novel A) Standard Form B)Non-standard Form

B) Non-standard

The only type of pet allowed are cats A) Standard Form B)Non-standard Form

B) Non-standard

Whenever the best wand maker gets kidnapped, the production of wands decreases. A) Standard B) Non-Standard

B) Non-standard

Every novel is a book A) Standard B) Non-Standard Form

B) Non-standard Form

Whenever there are wizards, there are wands A) Standard B) Non-Standard

B) Non-standard Form

A word or a combination of words that refers to a thing or a group of things is called a ____________ A) Quantifier B) Noun Phrase C) Predicate Phrase D) Category

B) Noun Phrase

In a square of opposition, A claims are placed on the ____________ corner A) Upper Right B) Upper Left C) Lower Right D) Lower Left

B) Upper Left

Except for the seventh years, no one is allowed to put their name into the goblet of fire A) standard B) Non-standard

B) non-standard

Unless a wizard goes to school, they couldn't pass their O.W.L.s. A) Standard B) Non-Standard

B) non-standard

In a categorical syllogism all the categories (major, minor, and middle) must occur _________ number of times A) Once B) Twice C) Any number of times

B) twice

Match categorical claim to form Some people in this class are non-believers A) A B) E C) I D) O

I (Some ... are....)

Match categorical claim to form Some people who voted for Sanders in the 2016 primary are people who ended up voting for Trump. A) A B) E C) I D) O

I (Some ... are....)

State the major, minor, and middle premises as well as the conclusion. Include whether true or false or indeterminate. All women are Republican. Hilary Clinton is a woman. Therefore, Hilary Clinton is a Republican.

Major Premise (FALSE): All women are Republican Minor Premise (TRUE): Hilary Clinton is a woman Conclusion (FALSE): Hilary Clinton is a Republican

State the major, minor, and middle premises as well as the conclusion All mammals are warm blooded; whales are mammals; therefore, whales are warm blooded.

Major Premise: All mammals are warm blooded Minor Premise: Whales are mammals Conclusion: Whales are warm blooded

Match categorical claim to form Some people in this class are not believers A) A B) E C) I D) O

O (Some... are not ....)

All wizards are people with magic A) Standard B) Non-Standard

A) standard (All.... are.... : A)

All cats are animals A) Standard Form B)Non-standard Form

A) standard form

In a square of opposition, claims that are on the lower row are ____________ of each other A) Subcontraries B) Contraries C) Contradictories

A) subcontraries

If it is false that "Some people who are brave enough to confront Fluffy are people who are not looking for the Sorcerer's Stone." then it is __________ that "No people who are brave enough to confront Fluffy are people who are not looking for the Sorcerer's Stone." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

A) true

If it is true that "No people who are looking for the Sorcerer's Stone are people who are brave enough to confront Fluffy." then it is __________ that "Some people who are looking for the Sorcerer's Stone are not people who are brave enough to confront Fluffy." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

A) true

If it is true that "All wizards are people with magic." then it is __________ that "Some wizards are people with magic." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

A) ture

Give examples of two contrary claims and explain why they are contraries.

All Wisconsinites are Republicans. No Wisconsinites are Republicans. Two claims are contraries when they cannot be true at the same time but can be false at the same time. The above two claims cannot be both true at the same time but can be, and in fact are, both false. So the two claims are contraries.

Write a categorical syllogism and explain why it is a categorical syllogism.

All of my pets are lizards. All lizards are cute animals. Therefore, all of my pets are cute animals. This is a two-premise deductive argument in which 'my pets' (the minor term), 'cute animals' (the major term) and 'lizards' (the middle term) occur exactly twice. So the argument satisfies the definition of a categorical syllogism.

Which one of the following is a corresponding claim of "All wizards are people with magic"? A) No wizards are not people with magic. B) Some people with magic are not wizards. C) Some wizards are not people with magic. D) Some people with magic are wizards.

C) Some wizards are not people with magic.

If a claim is true, then its sub-contrary is A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

C) indeterminate

In a categorical syllogism the premises and the conclusions are ___________

Categorical Claims

In a square of opposition, claims that are on the upper row are _______ of each other A) Subcontraries B) Contraries C) Contradictories

Contraries

Which one of the following is NOT a corresponding claim of "All wizards are people with magic"? A) Some wizards are not people with magic. B) No wizards are people with magic. C) Some wizards are people with magic. D) No people with magic are wizards.

D) No people with magic are wizards.

Which of the following is NOT a corresponding claim of "All wizards are people with magic"? A) No wizards are people with magic. B) Some wizards are people with magic. C) Some wizards are not people with magic. D) No wizards are not people with magic.

D) No wizards are not people with magic.

Which one of the following is NOT a corresponding claim of "All wizards are people with magic"? A) Some wizards are not people with magic. B) Some wizards are people with magic. C) No wizards are people with magic. D) No wizards are not people with magic.

D) No wizards are not people with magic.

Which one of the following is a corresponding claim of "Some wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts"? A) No wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who went to Hogwarts. B) No wizards who did not go to Hogwarts are wizards who dislike spinach. C) All wizards who like spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts. D) No wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts.

D) No wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts.

In a square of opposition, ______ claims are placed on the lower right corner. A) A B) E C) I D) O

D) O

Some people in this class are not believers A) A B) E C) I D) O

D) O Some ... are not ....

Match categorical claims to their forms: Some students are not eligible to take this course A) A B) E C) I D) O

D) O Some ... are not .....

Some animals are not cats A) A B) E C) I D) O

D) O Some ... are not...

Some animals are not cats A) A B) E C) I D) O

D) O Some ... are not....

Which one of the following IS a corresponding claim of "All wizards are people with magic"? A) Some people with magic are wizards. B) Some people with magic are not wizards. C) No wizards are not people with magic. D) Some wizards are people with magic.

D) Some wizards are people with magic.

A syllogism is a ________

Deductive Argument

State the major, minor, and middle premises as well as the conclusion All humans are mortal. G.W. Bush is a human. Therefore, G.W. Bush is mortal.

Deductive Argument Major Premise: All humans are mortal Minor Premise: G.W. Bush is a human Conclusion: G.W. Bush is mortal

Determine if the following is a deductively valid argument? sound argument? or neither? ?Why? All cats are reptiles. Bugs bunny is a cat. So bugs bunny is a reptile.

Deductively Valid Argument B/c neither of the premises is the argument (All cats are repitles; bugs bunny is a cat) are true. The conclusion is also not true. However, the way this is structured, if the premises were ture, the conclusion would have to be true which makes it a valid argument.

No cats are animals A) A B) E C) I D) O

E) E (No... are...)

Which one of the following is a corresponding claim of "All cats are animals"? A) All animals are cats B) Some animals are not cats C) Some cats are animals D) Some animals are cats

C) Some cats are animals

Which one of the following is a corresponding claim of "All cats are animals"? A) Some animals are not cats. B) Some animals are cats. C) Some cats are animals. D) All animals are cats.

C) Some cats are animals

A syllogism has __(1)___ premise(s) and ___(2)_____ conclusion(s)

1. One 2. One

Contrary claims cannot be ___(1)_____ at the same time but can be _____(2)___ at the same time A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

1. True 2. False

If it is false that "Some students are not people eligible to take this course." then it is ____________ that "All students are people eligible to take this course." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

A) True

Contrary claims cannot be ___(A)___ at the same time but can be ___(B)___ at the same time

A) True B) False

Match categorical claims to their forms All people who went to Mary's party are Harry Potter fans A) A B) E C) I D) O

A) A All ... are ....

All cats are animals A) A B) E C) I D) O

A) A (All .... are....)

In a square of opposition, claims that are on the upper row are ___________ of each other A) Contraries B) Contradictories C) Sub-Contraries

A) Contraries

In a categorical syllogism the ________ category is the predicate category of the conclusion A) Major Term B) Minor Term C) Middle Term

A) Major

Words like "some" and "all" are called A) Quantifiers B) Noun Phrases C) Predicate Phrases D) Categories

A) Quantifiers

Some people with magic are wizards A) Standard B) Non-Standard

A) Standard Some ... are ....

If a claim is false then its sub-contrary is A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

A) True

If it is false that "Some people who voted for Sanders in the 2016 primary are people who ended up voting for Trump." then it is __________ that "Some people who voted for Sanders in the 2016 primary are not people who ended up voting for Trump." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

A) True

If it is false that "Some people with magic are wizards." then it is _______ that "Some people with magic are not wizards" A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

A) True

All cats are animals A) Standard B) Non-Standard

A) standard (All ... are.... : A)

In a square of opposition, claims that are on the same diagonal are __________ of each other A) Subcontraries B) Contraries C) Contradictories

C) Contradictories

Match categorical claims to their forms: Some students are people inteligible to take this course A) A B) E C) I D) O

C) I Some ... are ....

Some people who voted for Sanders in the 2016 primary are people who ended up voting for Trump. A) A B) E C) I D) O

C) I Some ... are ....

Some people in this class are non-believers A) A B) E C) I D) O

C) I Some ... are....

If a claim is false then its contrary is _____ A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

C) Indeterminate

If it is false that "All cats are animals." then it is ___ that "some cats are animals" A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

C) Indeterminate

If it is false that "All people who went to Mary's party are Harry Potter fans." then it is __________ that "No people who went to Mary's party are Harry Potter fans." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

C) Indeterminate

If it is false that "All wizards are people with magic." then it is _________ that "some wizards are people with magic" A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

C) Indeterminate

If it is false that "No people who are looking for the Sorcerer's Stone are people who are brave enough to confront Fluffy." then it is ______ that "Some people who are looking for the Sorcerer's Stone are not people who are brave enough to confront Fluffy." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

C) Indeterminate

If it is true that "Some wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts." then it is _______ that "All wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts." A) True B) False C) Indeterminate

C) Indeterminate

In a categorical syllogism the ___________ does not appear in the conclusion. A) Major Term B) Minor Term C) Middle Term

C) Middle term

Which one of the following is NOT a corresponding claim of "Some wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts"? A) All wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts. B) No wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who did not go to Hogwarts. C) No wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who went to Hogwarts. D) Some wizards who dislike spinach are not wizards who did not go to Hogwarts.

C) No wizards who dislike spinach are wizards who went to Hogwarts.

Either Athens is in Greece or it is in Turkey.Athens is in Greece.Therefore, Athens is in Turkey. 1. what is the form of this argument 2. Is the conclusion true or false? 3. Is this a valid argument?

Form: Either P or Q. P. So Q. Conclusion: Invalid argument

If there is a hedgehog in my gas tank, then my car will not start.My car will not start.Hence, there must be a hedgehog in my gas tank. 1. what is the form of this argument 2. Is the conclusion true or false? 3. Is this a valid argument?

Form: IF P then Q. Q. So P. Conclusion: Invalid argument

If I publicly insult my mother-in-law, then my wife will be angry at me.I will not insult my mother-in-law.Hence, my wife will never be angry at me. 1. what is the form of this argument 2. Is the conclusion true or false? 3. Is this a valid argument?

Form: IF P then Q. Not P. So not-Q. Conclusion: Invalid argument

If I move my knight, Christian will take my knight.If I move my queen, Christian will take my knight.Therefore, if I move my knight, then I move my queen 1. what is the form of this argument 2. Is the conclusion true or false? 3. Is this a valid argument?

Form: If P then Q. If R then Q. So if P then R. Conclusion: Invalid argument

If Socrates was a horse, then Socrates was warm-blooded. Socrates was warm-blooded. So, Socrates was a horse. 1. what is the form of this argument 2. Is the conclusion true or false? 3. Is this a valid argument?

Form: If P then Q. Q so P. OR IF P then not-Q. Not-Q. so P. Conclusion: false Invalid because it has true premises and a false conclusion

If Socrates was a philosopher, then he wasn't a historian. Socrates was a historian. So, Socrates was a philosopher. 1. what is the form of this argument 2. Is the conclusion true or false? 3. Is this a valid argument?

Form: If P then Q. Q so P. OR If P then not-Q. not-q. so P. Conclusion of the argument is true Invalid because it has true premises and a false conclusion

In a square of opposition, O claims are placed on the __________ corner

Lower right

Give examples of two sub-contrary claims and explain why they are sub-contraries

Some barbers are bald. Some barbers are not bald. Two claims are sub-contraries when they cannot be both false at the same time but can be both true at the same time. The above two claims cannot be both false at the same time but they can be true at the same time.

In a square of opposition, A claims are placed on the ________ corner

Upper Right