Philosophy
The renowned philosopher who lived and worked in the Greek city of Alexandria in the fifth century was _____.
Hypatia
According to Stace, free acts must be ________.
those whose immediate causes are psychological states in the agent
The doctrine that every event is determined or necessitated by preceding events and the laws of nature is known as _________.
determinism
The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____.
metaphysics
The issue of what mental phenomena are and how they relate to the physical world.
mind-body problem
Searle believes that understanding Chinese (or any other language) is _____.
not merely a matter of symbol manipulation
Libertarians contend that real freedom is not just the power to act if we will to act, but ______.
power over the will itself
The view that mental properties are nonphysical properties arising from, but not reducible to, physical properties.
property dualism
The famous statement "An unexamined life is not worth living" is attributed to _____.
Socrates
The view that a free action is caused by an agent (person) is called _________.
agent causation
According to Sartre, there is at least one being in whom existence precedes essence, and that being is __________.
man
According to Smart, the report of an "after-image" or "ache" is a report of _____.
a brain process
For Socrates the good of the soul is attained only through an uncompromising search for _____.
what's true and real
Taylor believes that simple determinism allows us to have a plausible form of free will.
False
Taylor thinks that soft determinism is true to our moral intuitions.
False
According to Descartes he is...
an immaterial, thinking thing
The view that although determinism is true, our actions can still be free.
compatibilism
According to Fodor, in the functionalist view the psychology of a system depends not on the stuff it is made of but on _____.
how the stuff is put together
The view that mental states are identical to physical brain states.
identity theory
The Consequence Argument is supposed to establish ________.
incompatibilism
Nagel believes that knowledge of what it is like to be a bat can be acquired through scientific investigation.
False
The view that not every event is determined by preceding events and the laws of nature.
Indeterminism
_____ is arguing either that (1) a claim is true because it hasn't been proven false or (2) a claim is false because it hasn't been proven true.
the Appeal to Ignorance
The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true simply because many people believe it is known as _____.
the Appeal to Popularity
A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as _____.
the Socratic Method
Searle argues that the Chinese room thought experiment shows that _____.
the claims of strong AI are not plausible
According to Taylor, hard determinism conflicts with _________.
the fact of deliberation and our sense that some actions are up to us
What is 'the causal closure of the physical'?
The principle that the world is a closed system of physical processes and effects.
The Challenge of reconciling determinism with our intuitions or ideas about personal freedom is known as _____.
The problem of free will
Chalmers's zombie is not like the zombies found in Hollywood movies.
True
Taylor rejects soft determinism.
True
Van Inwagen rejects compatibilism.
True
The view that mind and body are completely independent of one another and interact causally.
cartesian dualism
___________ hold that determinism is necessary for free will; an undetermined choice, they say, would be random and uncontrolled by the agent.
compatibilists
Chalmers argues that his zombie is _____.
conceivable
The notion that mental properties do not cause anything, but merely accompany physical processes.
epiphenomenalism
Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as _____.
epistemology
The view that the mind is the functions that the brain performs.
functionalism
Block's Chinese brain argument is meant to show that _____.
functionalism is false
Chalmers's zombie twin is identical to him _____.
functionally and psychologically
For Socrates, the soul is harmed by lack of _____.
knowledge
The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and _____.
logic
The doctrine that every object and event in the world is physical.
materialism
According to d'Holbach, people always act according to ________.
necessary natural laws
Incompatibilists believe that compatibilist freedom is _________.
not real freedom
According to d'Holbach, all the mental and moral attributes that people think are evidence for an immaterial soul are in fact ___________.
purely physical and natural
The branch of science that provides a counterexample to the notion that every even has a cause is known as __________.
quantum physics
According to Nagel, an organism has conscious mental states if and only if _____.
there is something that it is like to be that organism
What is Aristotle's view of the possibility of immortality?
He rejects it.
