Philosophy

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The renowned philosopher who lived and worked in the Greek city of Alexandria in the fifth century was _____.

Hypatia

According to Stace, free acts must be ________.

those whose immediate causes are psychological states in the agent

The doctrine that every event is determined or necessitated by preceding events and the laws of nature is known as _________.

determinism

The study of reality in the broadest sense, an inquiry into the elemental nature of the universe and the things in it, is known as _____.

metaphysics

The issue of what mental phenomena are and how they relate to the physical world.

mind-body problem

Searle believes that understanding Chinese (or any other language) is _____.

not merely a matter of symbol manipulation

Libertarians contend that real freedom is not just the power to act if we will to act, but ______.

power over the will itself

The view that mental properties are nonphysical properties arising from, but not reducible to, physical properties.

property dualism

The famous statement "An unexamined life is not worth living" is attributed to _____.

Socrates

The view that a free action is caused by an agent (person) is called _________.

agent causation

According to Sartre, there is at least one being in whom existence precedes essence, and that being is __________.

man

According to Smart, the report of an "after-image" or "ache" is a report of _____.

a brain process

For Socrates the good of the soul is attained only through an uncompromising search for _____.

what's true and real

Taylor believes that simple determinism allows us to have a plausible form of free will.

False

Taylor thinks that soft determinism is true to our moral intuitions.

False

According to Descartes he is...

an immaterial, thinking thing

The view that although determinism is true, our actions can still be free.

compatibilism

According to Fodor, in the functionalist view the psychology of a system depends not on the stuff it is made of but on _____.

how the stuff is put together

The view that mental states are identical to physical brain states.

identity theory

The Consequence Argument is supposed to establish ________.

incompatibilism

Nagel believes that knowledge of what it is like to be a bat can be acquired through scientific investigation.

False

The view that not every event is determined by preceding events and the laws of nature.

Indeterminism

_____ is arguing either that (1) a claim is true because it hasn't been proven false or (2) a claim is false because it hasn't been proven true.

the Appeal to Ignorance

The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true simply because many people believe it is known as _____.

the Appeal to Popularity

A question-and-answer dialogue in which propositions are methodically scrutinized to uncover the truth is known as _____.

the Socratic Method

Searle argues that the Chinese room thought experiment shows that _____.

the claims of strong AI are not plausible

According to Taylor, hard determinism conflicts with _________.

the fact of deliberation and our sense that some actions are up to us

What is 'the causal closure of the physical'?

The principle that the world is a closed system of physical processes and effects.

The Challenge of reconciling determinism with our intuitions or ideas about personal freedom is known as _____.

The problem of free will

Chalmers's zombie is not like the zombies found in Hollywood movies.

True

Taylor rejects soft determinism.

True

Van Inwagen rejects compatibilism.

True

The view that mind and body are completely independent of one another and interact causally.

cartesian dualism

___________ hold that determinism is necessary for free will; an undetermined choice, they say, would be random and uncontrolled by the agent.

compatibilists

Chalmers argues that his zombie is _____.

conceivable

The notion that mental properties do not cause anything, but merely accompany physical processes.

epiphenomenalism

Questions like "What is knowledge?" and "What is truth?" are mainstays in the branch of philosophy known as _____.

epistemology

The view that the mind is the functions that the brain performs.

functionalism

Block's Chinese brain argument is meant to show that _____.

functionalism is false

Chalmers's zombie twin is identical to him _____.

functionally and psychologically

For Socrates, the soul is harmed by lack of _____.

knowledge

The four main divisions of philosophy are metaphysics, epistemology, axiology, and _____.

logic

The doctrine that every object and event in the world is physical.

materialism

According to d'Holbach, people always act according to ________.

necessary natural laws

Incompatibilists believe that compatibilist freedom is _________.

not real freedom

According to d'Holbach, all the mental and moral attributes that people think are evidence for an immaterial soul are in fact ___________.

purely physical and natural

The branch of science that provides a counterexample to the notion that every even has a cause is known as __________.

quantum physics

According to Nagel, an organism has conscious mental states if and only if _____.

there is something that it is like to be that organism

What is Aristotle's view of the possibility of immortality?

He rejects it.


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