Philosophy Exam 1

"Clinton is a loser with pasty white thighs---don't believe anything he says!" commits which fallacy ?

Ad hominem abusive

"Since there is no evidence against God's existence He must exist" commits which fallacy?

Appeal to Ignorance

"Euthanasia is moral because the majority of Americans support it" commits which fallacy?

Appeal to the crowd

"I'm using this Lean Mean Fat Grilling Machine because George Foreman says it's the best there is" commits which fallacy?

Appeal to unqualified authority

The name for a group of propositions where one is said to follow from others

Arguments

The founder of logic; pupil of Plato

Aristotle

False

Aristotle was the first to claim that "the unexamined life is not worth living."

Aesthetics belongs to which standard branch of philosophy?

Axiology

The study of value

Axiology

"Every football player on the team is good., therefore the team as a whole is good." commits what fallacy?

Composition

The name for a proposition which may or may not be true

Contingent

The study of knowledge

Epistemology

The name for a mistake in reasoning

Fallacies

A tautology may or may not be true.

False

According to Aristotle, it is possible to give a demonstration for everything

False

According to Russell, if two things are often found together and are never apart this proves that they will be found together in the next examined case

False

According to Russell, non-human animals are incapable of forming expectations based on past evidence

False

According to Socrates, the greatest evil is death

False

An argument is any statement that can be either true or false.

False

An informal fallacy is a mistake in reasoning due to the form of an argument.

False

In his apology, Socrates declared himself an atheist.

False

Inductive arguments typically progress from universal to particular propositions.

False

Plato was the founder of logic

False

Socrates stated that he had no children other than the citizens of Athens

False

The Law of the Excluded Middle claims that "a thing cannot both be and not be at the same time and from the same perspective."

False

The command "shut the door" is a proposition

False

The term philosophy literally mans "love of brother"

False

The three elements in an argument are deductive, inductive, and abductive.

False

"Every straw in the haystack is light, therefore the haystack is light." commits which fallacy?

Genetic fallacy

"I spoke with three people in Chattanooga and they all owned Hondas, everyone in Chattanooga must own Hondas" commits which fallacy?

Hasty induction

The study of reasoning

Logic

Who was Socrates' specific accuser at this trial?

Meletus

Discussions of God's existence and nature would belong primarily to which standard branch of philosophy?

Metaphysics

The study of reality

Metaphysics

"Since the majority of Americans believe in aliens they must exist" commits which fallacy?

None of the above

Term often used simultaneously with the word metaphysics

Ontology

"The beard does not the philosopher make" implies

Philosophers are not determined by looks, credentials, or education---all are philosophers to some degree

Philosopher famous for the phrase "the unexamined life is not worth living"

Plato

The name for any statement that can be evaluated as true or false

Propositions

Which of the following is not a subfield of Axiology?

Second-order studies

The name for a necessarily false proposition

Self-contradictory

The name for a necessarily true proposition

Tautology

According to Aristotle, one can demonstrate negatively that is impossible for a thing to be and not be

True

According to Russell, experience can neither confirm nor confute the inductive principle

True

According to Russell, if one used experience to prove the inductive principle one would be begging the question

True

According to Russell, the inductive principle is incapable of being proved by appealing to experience.

True

Ancient philosophers would include thinkers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

True

At one point in his life; Socrates was a senator

True

Axiology is the study of value

True

Detectives, doctors, and meteorologists all reason abductively.

True

Oftentimes a metaphysical issue will have consequences for issues in epistemology.

True

Philosophy can be defined as "the study of fundamental issues"

True

Socrates claimed to be led by an inner divine voice, sign, or oracle

True

Socrates declared that it was his goal to persuade everyone that their primary concern should be with the improvement of their soul.

True

Sometimes sound arguments have false conclusions

True

The Socratic Method is one of dialogue and questioning

True

The link between the premises and conclusion is inference or entailment.

True

What fallacy is committed if one attacks the supposed hypocrisy of one's opponent rather than their position?

Tu quoque

According to Russell, which of the following is completely dependent upon the inductive principle?

all of the above

Among which group did Socrates search and not find wisdom?

all of the above

Cogent arguments

all of the above

Deductive arguments are

all of the above

Metaphysics discusses the existence and nature of

all of the above

Inductive arguments

are often used by scientists

The modern period in philosophy

dealt largely with issues of epistemology

What fallacy is committed if the meaning of a term or phrase changes in the course of an argument

equivocation

Fallacies that incorrectly assess the strength of the evidence are fallacies of

generalization

Misconstruing the importance of a term or phrase is the

misplaced accent fallacy

The conclusion of a sound argument is

necessary

"Uncle Jimmy says that I should quit drinking beer because it's not good for me but he drinks beer all the time!" commits which fallacy?

none of the above

A valid argument

none of the above

Ascribing characteristics of the parts to the whole thy make up is

none of the above

Metaphysics is

none of the above

Socrates' final request was that his friend punish

none of the above

The four standard branches of philosophy are

none of the above

What fallacy is committed if one draws a conclusion before it's warranted by the evidence?

none of the above

Which historical period is distinguished by emphasizing issues on epistemology?

none of the above

How old was Socrates when he was tried for corrupting the youth and denying the gods?

over 70

According to Russell, expectations that the future will resemble the past are

probable

Second-order studies are

studies about studies

Epistemology is

study of knowledge