Photosynthesis Section 1
How would you read aloud the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
When sunlight is present, six molecules of carbon dioxide combine with six molecules of water to produce one molecule of glucose and six molecules in oxygen.
What makes plants green?
The green color comes from pigments that absorb the lights. The green pigment is called chlorophyll.
Photosynthesis
The process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food.
How do plants, algae, and some bacteria obtain energy?
They use energy in sunlight to make their own food.
what is a chemical equation?
This formula shows us what happens during a chemical reaction using symbols instead of words.
What happens when you eat food from plants?
You are eating the plants stored energy.
What is a chemical formula?
a chemical formula tells us what elements make up a molecule
stomata
a small opening on the underside of leaves where carbon dioxide enters the plant.
Pigments
colored chemical compounds that absorb light.
Where do plants obtain carbon dioxide?
from the air
What is the equation of photosynthesis?
6CO2 +6H2O-light energy -C6H12O6+6O2 carbon dioxide +water--light energy--a sugar+oxygen
What is an element?
An element is a substance that is made entirely from one type of atom. For example, the element hydrogen is made from atoms containing a single proton and a single electron.
Why do cells need energy?
Cells need energy to carry out functions such as making proteins and transporting substances in and out of the cells.
Chlorophyll
Green pigment or the main photosynthetic pigment in cholorplasts. The chemicl compund in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis
Where does all the oxygen in the earth's atmosphere come from?
It is produced by living things (plants) through the process of photosynthesis.
The sun is the source of energy for what kinds of living things?
It supplies energy for most living this directly or indirectly
What Greek words does the term photosynthesis come from?
Photo means "light." and synthesis means "putting together"
What happens during photosynthesis?
Plants and a few other organisms use energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and sugars.
What are coefficients?
the big numbers before an element or compound in a chemical equation. these can be changed to balance an equation
How does oxygen exit the leaf?
through the stomata
What is a chemical compound?
A substance formed by the chemical combination of tow or more elements IN DEFINITE PROPORTIONS
What is sugar?
A type of carbohydrate. cells use the energy in sugar to carry out important cell functions.
autotroph
An organism that can make its own food such as plants.
heterotroph
An organism that cannot make its own food. Many heterotrophs obtain food by eating other organism such as lions or absorbing it from other organisms such as fungi.
How does sunlight provide energy for zebras?
Plants such as grass use energy from the sun to make their own food. The zebra eats the grass.
What are the two stages of photosynthesis?
Stage 1: Chloroplasts in plant cells capture energy from sunlight. Stage 2: The captured light energy is sued to produce sugars and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide.
What molecule is this C6H12O6?
That is glucose
What happens to the sugar produced in photosynthesis?
The cells break down the sugar molecules to release the energy. Some molecules are converted into other compounds such as cellulose and others are stored in the plant's cells for later.
What does a chemical formula tells us?
The formula tells us what elements that make up a molecule and how many atoms there are of each element in a molecule.
Where do plats obtain the water needed for the second stage?
The roots absorb water from the soil and then the water movies up through the plants stem to the leaves
What is a reactant?
The starting substances in a chemical reaction. It is the stuff on the left-hand side of the arrow (our starting material)
What does chlorophyll do?
captures light energy from the sun and uses it to power the second stage of photosynthesis.
What are products?
elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction. These are the new molecules that are made (to the right of the arrow.)
Chloroplasts
green organelles inside plant cells
What does it mean when an equation is balanced?
it means that we have the same number of atoms on each side
Inside the chloroplasts water and carbon dioxide undergo a chemical reaction to produce what?
six carbon sugar and oxygen
Where does most of the first stage of photosynthesis or energy capturing occur?
the leaves
What do coefficients tell us?
the number of molecules needed to make the reaction happen
what us a molecule?
the smallest physical unit of an element or compound, consisting of one or more like atoms in an element and two or more different atoms in a compound.
What is another reason that there are coefficients?
to make sure the equation is balanced
How many stages does photosynthesis take place in?
two stages
What two materials do cells need for the second stage of photosynthesis?
water H2O and cardon dioxide C02